1. The "College Entrance Examination" is regardless of academic age.
In 1980s, China's higher education resources were not rich enough, so it was as difficult to go to university as "crossing a wooden bridge with thousands of troops". However, the reform and opening up has just started, and the construction of the motherland needs a large number of talents. College students trained by full-time colleges and universities alone are far from meeting the demand. What's more, there are many self-learners who study hard in society. They are eager to pass rigorous examinations and obtain nationally recognized academic qualifications. In this case, the higher education self-study examination came into being.
According to the newspaper 1980 10 3 1 version, the government work report of the first session of the Fifth Municipal People's Congress put forward: "Establish an appropriate examination system, and those who study part-time will be given the same treatment as college graduates after passing the examination." 1980 in may, the central secretariat reiterated this spirit when discussing education issues. 1980101On October 29th, Beijing decided to take the lead in establishing a self-study examination system for higher education in China.
The news of the implementation of the self-study examination for higher education in Beijing has aroused great concern in the society after it was published by this newspaper. This is because the self-study examination for higher education has lowered the entry threshold, and all citizens with Beijing hukou can take the examination as long as they voluntarily register, regardless of their education or age. Those whose grades meet the specified requirements can get the graduation certificates of basic courses, junior colleges and undergraduate courses. Generally speaking, it takes about 17 to get a bachelor's degree, and 10 to 14 to get a junior college.
In this regard, the person in charge of the Municipal Higher Education Self-study Examination Committee said that the establishment of the self-study examination system has opened up new channels for discovering and selecting talents, which is conducive to mobilizing the learning enthusiasm of the broad masses, changing the social atmosphere, promoting the development of amateur education and improving the scientific and cultural level of the people in the city.
2. The documenter became the "top scholar" in the first exam.
On June 7th 198 1, the self-taught examination for higher education in this city was held for the first time, and the first course was philosophy. On that day, nearly 3000 candidates took the exam. Among them are workers, peasants, PLA cadres, government officials, scientific and technological personnel, primary and secondary school teachers and unemployed youth. In terms of age, most of them are young people, and the youngest is seventeen or eighteen; Some people are around 50 years old, and the oldest candidate is a 74-year-old retired female teacher. (198 1 Beijing Daily, June 8 1 Edition, 3,000 candidates who are determined to study by themselves actively take the exam).
Among the liberal arts candidates, Feng, an information officer from the Japanese Institute of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, was the "No.1 scholar", and she got 93 points. In fact, Feng didn't even graduate from junior high school. He only worked in the graduate school for two years. After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee, Feng felt that he lacked knowledge, so he tried to start self-study on the premise of completing his job: first, he studied Japanese on the radio, and after a few years, he was able to find and sort out Japanese materials and skillfully input Japanese. 198 1, she was admitted to an amateur university run by the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. After work, she has to go to Jianguomen Foreign Hospital Department from garden village in the western suburbs of her workplace. Although nervous and hard, she feels that she is pursuing the right thing, and she feels happy even if she is hard. (Beijing Daily, second edition,1981July 15, people insist on self-study)
The self-study examination of higher education has set off a "self-study wind" in society. Since then, many people, like Feng, have embarked on the road of self-study exams.
3. The rise of cadres' "self-study fever"
198365438+1October 23rd, the headline of the second edition of this newspaper, "Welcome to the Basic Course for Party and Government Cadres", published a letter from readers, which reflected the desire of party and government cadres to take the self-study examination for higher education at that time.
Li Guizhen, a full-time league cadre of the municipal engineering company of Yanshan Petrochemical Company, wrote in the letter: I am a league cadre. I tried to apply for "Night University" and "TV University" several times in the past, but I was not approved because of my work. The decision to start basic courses for party and government cadres has ignited the fire in my heart. I am determined to make a self-study plan, stick to it and take the exam.
From 65438 to 0990, the staff of the higher education self-study examination office enthusiastically answered the questions of the candidates. Bai Han/photo
In order to meet the learning needs of party and government cadres, 1983, the municipal higher education self-study examination set up basic courses for party and government cadres, including basic courses of political theory and basic courses of business, with *** 12 courses. This move combines self-study, government-run schools and education department examinations, and has been included in the cadre education plan. (Beijing Daily 1983, February 19, 1 Edition "Examination Arrangements for Basic Courses for Party and Government Cadres")
Since then, there has been an upsurge of learning political theory, professional technology and culture among cadres in this city. As of June 1983, more than 39,000 people in this city have taken the self-study exams for Chinese, philosophy, law, mathematics, industrial economy, commercial economy, finance, file management, English, industrial and civil architecture, agronomy, basic courses for party and government cadres, etc. 12, among which cadres account for more than 50%. Among the cadres who actively participate in the study, there are both enterprise management cadres and party and government cadres; There are both young and middle-aged cadres and veteran comrades over 50. Their awareness of learning is getting higher and higher, and many people have changed from "asking me to learn" to "I want to learn". (Beijing Daily June 1983, June 14, 1 Edition "Cadres in this Municipality Actively Learn Political Theory, Professional Technology and Culture")
1 983 June 14, Beijing Daily1Edition.
4. Give birth to a number of private universities and social remedial classes.
The rise of self-study examination in higher education has spawned a number of private colleges and social remedial classes.
1983 At the beginning of this year, Yanjing Advanced Foreign Language School, the first private university in this city, began to recruit students. This school was founded by people from all walks of life who are enthusiastic about education. They employ retired or in-service teachers from institutions of higher learning as teachers. After graduation, students can take the self-study examination of higher education in this city, and they can get a college degree after passing the examination. (198365438+1October 29th Beijing Daily 2nd Edition Yanjing Foreign Language School Enrollment)
1994, in Xiangyun Education Center, the scene of "self-taught" students queuing to buy books was quite spectacular. Yuan/photo
1983 ended, and Chaoyang District People's University of Science, Technology and Culture began enrolling students. This school was initiated by some people in the cultural, educational and scientific circles of the capital for a period of three to four years. Students take professional examinations organized by the Higher Education Self-study Examination Committee. (Beijing Daily 2nd Edition1983,65438+February 5th Chaoyang District People's University of Science, Technology and Culture will enroll students from now on).
Self-study has attracted more and more attention and support from the society. Some well-known institutions of higher learning, such as Peking University and Beijing Normal University, actively assist in organizing radio and television lectures and remedial classes, and many units have also organized various forms of remedial classes to create learning conditions for self-learners.
In 2000, as the examination period approached, students who applied for the self-study examination of higher education took advantage of the weekend to attend classes in cram schools. Xie Rongchu/photo
According to a report published in the 6th edition of 1997+ 15, "The Origin of the Innovative Record of College Entrance Examination for Self-taught Students in Beijing", the remedial classes offered by Xiangyun Education Center were quite famous in Beijing in the 1990s. The higher education self-study examination major 12 is taught by more than 300 teachers from Peking University, People's Congress, Beijing Normal University and other universities. Students can choose any teacher to attend classes. Because of strict and standardized management, the qualified rate of students' reference is high, and the pass rate of 1996 public * * * courses is mostly 70%.
5. Every 25 adults have 1 "self-examination".
Because the teachers come from regular colleges and universities and the examination management is strict, the society generally thinks that the diploma of higher education self-study examination is "hard" and genuine.
From 65438 to 0986, the Municipal Higher Education Self-taught Examination Committee awarded bachelor's degree certificates to 20 self-taught college entrance examination undergraduates. The degrees of these graduates were examined and approved by the Academic Degrees Committee of Beijing Normal University. In order to prove the learning quality of these students, the Chinese Department of Beijing Normal University has formed a special investigation team to follow up. The results show that the difficulty of the questions accepted by these 20 people is equivalent to that of the undergraduates of Beijing Normal University. They took the 18 course exam prescribed by Chinese major, and all passed. Among them, the average score of 15 was above 70. For their graduation thesis, Zhu, then vice president of Peking University, thought that it was not lower than the general level of graduation thesis of Chinese department of any university, and some of them, even in Chinese department of university, should be listed as excellent. (1 986165438+1October1Beijing Daily1Edition "Bachelor of Arts in Self-taught College Entrance Examination in this Municipality")
1 986165438+1October 1 1, Beijing Daily1Edition.
In fact, because the self-study examination of higher education is not limited by age, academic qualifications and physical conditions, there is no entrance examination, and students choose their own majors and arrange their own studies and examinations, which not only satisfies the learning aspirations of young people who have no chance to enter colleges and universities, but also brings great convenience to those on-the-job backbones who cannot study full-time. So more and more people sign up for the exam. To 1995, every 25 students in Beijing. (1995 165438+ Beijing Daily 1 October 24th 1 edition,1person enters the examination room for every 25 people).
The social reputation of higher education self-study examination has also been recognized by foreign educational circles. As of 1997, more than 20 universities in Britain, the United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and other countries have clearly recognized the course scores and academic qualifications of China's higher education self-study examination. (Beijing Daily 1 April 23, 9971Edition "The number of applicants for self-study exams in this city has reached a record high")
1 April 23, 997 Beijing Daily1Edition.
Nowadays, with the prosperity of education in China, the self-taught examination for higher education is no longer the mainstream of cultivating talents, but the lifelong learning spirit advocated by this university without walls has been passed down to this day.
Historical materials: Beijing News Group Graphic Database, Xinhua News Agency.
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