Essay survey report on college students' salary model 1 With the continuous expansion of the enrollment scale of colleges and universities, the problem of "difficult employment" for college students has become a social problem. This paper analyzes the reasons for the current employment difficulties of college students from four aspects: market employment environment, employers, universities and graduates, and puts forward corresponding measures respectively.
The employment difficulty of college students has become a topic of general concern in society, especially after the expansion of enrollment, college students flock to the job market. Whether it is the government, society, schools, parents or students, the employment difficulty of college students has become a social problem that cannot be ignored. .
In view of this social phenomenon, many investigations have been carried out. The problems involve college students' employment expectation, self-evaluation of employment quality, employment guidance in colleges and universities, and the influence of job selection and employment. The purpose of this paper is to make an empirical study on the problems related to college students' employment expectation and actual employment, and to provide information and countermeasures for employment guidance and talent training in colleges and universities. The survey results show the following problems.
First, the reasons for college students' employment difficulties
1. From the perspective of market employment environment
(1) The contradiction between supply and demand of graduates has intensified. According to the statistics of the Ministry of Education, with the expansion of colleges and universities, the number of college graduates is growing at a high speed of nearly one million per year. In 2004, the number of graduates from China University was 2.8 million, which increased to 4.95 million in 2007 and 5.59 million in 2008. In 2009, the number of college graduates in China reached a new high, exceeding 6 million. The large increase in the number of graduates every year has caused the oversupply of the market, which is bound to increase the difficulty of graduates' employment.
(2) The contradiction between the change of employment mode and the imperfect employment market. The "two-way choice" employment system for college graduates established in 1990s is a market-oriented employment mechanism, which can meet both the requirements of employers and the individualized needs of students. But as far as the current situation is concerned, the employment market for college students is not perfect and mature enough.
2. From the perspective of colleges and universities
(1) The specialty setting of the school is out of line with the social demand, which leads to the imbalance of supply and demand structure. Judging from the total amount, our college graduates are not too many, which is far from meeting the needs of socialist modernization. However, when it comes to graduates' majors, the contradiction of structural imbalance is prominent. In order to improve the efficiency of running a school, many colleges and universities blindly pursue popular majors, which leads to a very serious phenomenon of professional convergence.
(2) The quality of some students trained in colleges and universities is not too hard. After the enrollment expansion of many colleges and universities, the software and hardware facilities of the schools can't meet the needs. The most prominent problem is the shortage of teachers and the decline of teachers' quality, which directly affects the quality of students' ability training, thus failing to meet the needs of employers.
(3) Lack of employment guidance in colleges and universities. Some colleges and universities only pay lip service to employment guidance, resulting in many graduates simply don't know how to choose a career that suits them according to their own personality characteristics and career tendencies, but blindly go to the talent market to find a job, which is naturally easy to be rejected by employers. Employment guidance in colleges and universities lacks guidance on students' job-seeking methods and skills, as well as how to carry out scientific and reasonable career design and planning.
3. From the employer's perspective
(1) Blindly raise the employment standard, and the phenomenon of high talent consumption is serious. The survival and development of employers cannot be separated from talents. It is understandable to absorb and reserve talents, but some units do not proceed from their own reality and blindly pursue high education according to their needs. The phenomenon of high consumption of talents is becoming more and more serious, which not only wastes human resources, but also greatly dampens the enthusiasm of graduates.
(2) Pay too much attention to work experience and cannot replace redundant personnel in time. Some units pay special attention to work experience when recruiting, and make it clear that they do not want fresh graduates. They think that fresh graduates have poor hands-on ability and need long-term training after recruitment to work normally. So they prefer those college students who have some work experience. This short-term behavior of employers has greatly increased the employment pressure of graduates.
4. From the perspective of graduates
(1) The employment expectation is high, and the concept of choosing a job is backward, which is far from the actual demand. Some college students' employment concept still stays in the past-high salary, big city and superior environment. These employment concepts of college students are extremely disproportionate to the employment demand under the new situation, and the contradiction between them leads some people to find corresponding jobs.
(2) Some college students lack comprehensive quality. What today's society needs is all-round development of compound talents. Enterprises hope that the college graduates they recruit should not only have solid professional knowledge, but also have good psychological quality, social cooperation ability and innovation ability to adapt to the development of the times. However, some students are only satisfied with completing the compulsory courses in universities, lacking extensive professional knowledge accumulation and the ability to solve practical problems, with narrow thinking, poor hands-on ability, poor language expression ability and poor adaptability. The gap between social expectations and students' own quality also affects their final employment.
Second, to solve the employment difficulties of college students countermeasures
1. Relevant government departments should deepen system reform and provide policy support for graduates' employment.
(1) Policy orientation to encourage graduates to work in small and medium-sized enterprises, remote areas and grass-roots units. At present, the development of small and medium-sized enterprises urgently needs a large number of talents, which is one of the main channels for graduates to obtain employment. In addition, the government should actively create conditions for graduates to work in remote areas and grass-roots units: open up perennial and standardized channels and strengthen publicity and guidance; Provide some preferential policies for graduates who work in grassroots units.
(2) Establish and improve the employment information network system to realize resource sharing. By collecting, screening, analyzing and evaluating all kinds of information accurately, efficiently and comprehensively, the resource sharing between the supply and demand sides can be realized. To give full play to the role of network in graduate employment, governments at all levels, education authorities and universities should pay close attention to the construction of employment information network, establish a unified national demand information database, and improve the information level of graduate employment and the utilization rate of information resources.
2. Employers should select people according to their needs and reasonably replace redundant staff.
(1) Introduce graduates of different levels as needed. Employers should change the concept of selecting people and select people according to their needs. High-level graduates are scientific research and technology development talents, while middle and low-level graduates are concrete use and operation talents. Only by introducing graduates of different levels reasonably can we meet the needs of employers for talents at all levels and make all kinds of talents useful.
(2) Strengthen the talent pool and reasonably replace redundant staff. Enterprises are the main force to attract college graduates. Although many enterprises are facing the problem of overstaffing, there are still insufficient high-level talents and weak scientific and technological innovation ability, which leads to low competitiveness of enterprises. Therefore, enterprises should seize the favorable opportunity to actively attract college graduates, strengthen the talent pool, adjust the talent structure, and at the same time replace the redundant staff who can not adapt to their own development, thus enhancing the vitality of enterprises.
3. Colleges and universities should adapt to the market and strengthen employment guidance and services for graduates.
(1) Deepen the reform of education and teaching, and make the specialty settings more in line with social needs. Colleges and universities must pay close attention to the development and changes of the employment market, make a scientific prediction of the employment situation and the demand trend of professionals on the basis of extensive research, so as to determine their own school-running mode, school-running level, specialty setting and teaching content, and vigorously develop characteristic majors with large social demand.
(2) Strengthen employment guidance, broaden employment channels and create a good career platform for graduates. Colleges and universities should strengthen the guidance for graduates to find jobs and choose jobs through employment guidance courses, employment consultation, lectures, seminars and other forms, make career development plans and designs for students, help them change their employment concepts and determine reasonable career goals. At the same time, we should broaden channels, actively strengthen extensive contacts with employers, give full play to our advantages in understanding students and employers, and actively bridge the gap to provide graduates with broader employment space.
4. Graduates should update their employment concept and cultivate good job-hunting quality.
(1) Pay attention to the cultivation of comprehensive skills and improve comprehensive quality. If graduates want to succeed in the fierce employment competition, they must consciously improve their comprehensive quality through professional study and social practice, and cultivate their innovative spirit and practical ability to meet the social demand for talents.
(2) Renew the concept of employment and determine the appropriate employment expectation. In the era of "popularization" of higher education, graduates should constantly update their employment concepts and establish the employment consciousness of "employment first, career selection later and entrepreneurship later".
With the continuous development of China's economy, the gap between the rich and the poor has become a common problem in China. The gap between the central and western regions caused by regional differences and the gap between urban and rural areas caused by the unbalanced distribution of industrial heavy industries ... These social gaps directly or indirectly lead to the gap between the rich and the poor of contemporary college students. As a microcosm of society, university campus also shows the gap between the rich and the poor. The gap between the rich and the poor among college students is only a material problem on the surface, but it actually reflects the division of social classes and has involved deep-seated problems such as social identity. Faced with this seemingly simple but serious problem, how much do we know as college students? To this end, I conducted this social survey.
This survey adopts the method of online survey, covering all aspects from daily life to outlook on life and values. * * * Distribute questionnaires 100, with 8 topics, all focusing on "the gap between the rich and the poor among contemporary college students". After the questionnaire is collected, it is summarized and made into a chart to have a preliminary, clear and intuitive understanding of the ideas of the gap between the rich and the poor among the surrounding college students.
Through the analysis of the survey results, we can draw the following conclusions: the consumption situation of most students is moderate and optimistic on the whole, but there are also two obvious contrasts between "poor" and "rich", and the average monthly expenditure of the latter consumer group is three times or more than that of the former. This is the result of students' background, family income gap, urban-rural differences and many other aspects.
In the survey, it is also found that the gap between the rich and the poor of college students is most directly reflected in consumption. Students with better economic conditions spend more money, pursue alternative and fashion, and diversify their consumption. Students with poor conditions have to rely on student loans, work-study programs and other ways to maintain their studies and lives. For example, students with better conditions often go out to eat and go shopping to relax themselves; Students with relatively poor conditions eat in the canteen almost every day and rarely go out to play. As far as food, clothing, housing and transportation are concerned, it is clear at a glance. The survey shows that the gap between the rich and the poor does exist among contemporary college students in our school and even in all colleges and universities in China.
First, the causes of the gap between the rich and the poor
1. The difference in family income is the main reason for the gap between the rich and the poor among college students.
The level of family income directly causes the gap between the rich and the poor of college students' children. Families with superior economic conditions provide an economic basis for their high consumption, making them give more money to their children than ordinary families. In some cases, parents' high consumption misled their children to some extent. Then there is family income.
The consumption amount of college students directly determines the consumption expenditure amount of college students, that is, the higher the family income, the richer the children;
It is reflected in poverty.
2. The gap between the rich and the poor has produced serious psychological pressure on poor students.
In view of the growing gap between the rich and the poor among college students and its influence on their psychological growth, Han Donghui, an associate professor in the Department of Philosophy of China Renmin University, said: "Generally speaking, richer students are more active in school, while poorer students are relatively self-enclosed." Due to the wrong behavior of self-isolation, some poor students have the wrong idea of "breaking the jar and breaking the fall", which leads them to be unable to face the present situation correctly and motivate themselves to improve their own quality, change the present situation and break through the poverty caused by the family environment, and the gap between the rich and the poor is widening day by day.
3. The university campus can't integrate the identity gap well.
Nowadays, the gap between the rich and the poor among college students has become a problem, which profoundly affects college students' world outlook, outlook on life and values. Nowadays, the saying that "it is better to study hard than to have a good father" has gradually spread widely, so the identity gap of college students when they enter the university is naturally brought into the campus, which affects their daily life. Among them, the education of college students' consumption concept has indeed greatly increased the unbalanced psychology of college students due to the gap in family environment.
4. The emergence of conspicuous consumption
With the widening gap between the rich and the poor in China, many students from wealthy families don't know the hardships of creating wealth, and some even spend a lot of money without scruple. Some students from poor families will envy this, inspire their enthusiasm for struggle, and decide to let their descendants live this life in the future. However, some people hate these well-off students and join the ranks of "comparison", which not only brings great pressure to their families, but also encourages conspicuous consumption on campus to some extent.
Second, a series of problems caused by the gap between the rich and the poor.
1. Outlook on life and values are utilitarian.
Although most students can establish a correct outlook on life and values, there are still a few students who admire the outlook on life of "individualism, egoism and money worship". This directly led some students to consider the problem without considering the overall situation, only starting from their own interests.
2. The rebellious psychology of hating and showing off wealth
The gap between the rich and the poor forms the psychological opposition between poor college students and rich college students. The actions and words of rich college students inadvertently collide with or hurt poor college students, and poor college students because
Have a strong sense of inferiority, but show strong self-esteem and hatred for rich children. This serious psychological opposition eventually leads to the tension of interpersonal relationship among college students.
3. Divide the communication groups by the rich and the poor.
In the campus collective life, poor college students get along with other rich college students day and night, and the daily consumption contrast is huge, so a strong sense of inferiority can easily make them wrap themselves tightly. Poor students talk more together because their lives are relatively tight; On the contrary, students with good family conditions often get together to eat and play with some students with similar conditions, and the group differentiation is gradually obvious.
4. Psychological problems of poor students
Compared with other students, poor students on campus are subject to the double constraints of external environment and themselves, and are prone to have negative psychological characteristics. Before the university, poor students still affirmed and recognized their self-worth because of their excellent grades, but after entering the university, everyone is an elite in learning, and their original advantages are gone, leaving a great psychological gap. In recent years, campus crimes caused by the gap between the rich and the poor are common, ranging from petty theft to life-threatening.
Third, how to solve the gap between the rich and the poor and a series of problems caused by it.
1. Rich and poor students should establish a correct attitude and a correct view of consumption.
The status of wealth can be divided into different levels, but on campus, every student's status is equal. There is no need to feel inferior or proud because of their family environment. Even though the wealth enjoyed by wealthy students was created by the previous generation, everyone should rely on their own efforts to make life better. Avoid blind consumption and comparison consumption, learn financial management consciousness, do what you can and do your best.
2. Improve the aid mechanism and increase the material poverty alleviation for poor students.
At present, China's colleges and universities have basically established a funding system combining "awards, loans, assistance, compensation and diligence", which has played a positive role in alleviating the financial difficulties of poor students, but there are also some problems that need to be further improved. Poor students should be encouraged to participate in work-study programs, and work-study programs should be regarded as an important way for colleges and universities to subsidize poor students. At the same time, we should actively face the society, expand the wider space for studying, and let every poor student have the opportunity to apply for work-study programs.
3. Strengthen the values education and psychological counseling of poor students.
Facing the gap between the rich and the poor among college students, schools must attach importance to the education of college students' values so that they can treat money correctly. It is necessary to let poor college students establish a sense of self-improvement and help them establish a concept of growth and success.
Turn adversity into wealth with confidence, and strive to change your destiny. Adjust the mentality of college students to optimize interpersonal relationships, adjust their mentality, broaden their horizons and shape healthy personality.
4. Enhance the poor students' awareness of "starting from our generation"
In foreign countries, after 18 years old, parents are no longer their main source of income, but encourage their children to earn money to support themselves and cultivate their independent consciousness and ability. We should advocate and learn this practice. To make students rely more on their own abilities to develop their lives, "it is better to overcome poverty through their own efforts and labor than to prove their poverty with a hundred reasons." As Hong Zhanhui, a poor student from Huaihua University in Hunan Province, said at the award ceremony of "Touching China" in 2005, "The suffering and painful experience is not the capital that I accept all donations, but the most important thing is that a person can change his disadvantage through his own struggle".