1. Law School
The Japanese Department is similar to the college or department of China University, mainly engaged in undergraduate teaching. At present, there are more than 65,438+000 law departments or disciplines in Japan, and about 45,000 LLBs graduate every year. On the whole, Japanese undergraduate education in law is very similar to that in China, and the educational system is also four years. Different professional directions also have their own professional basic courses and professional courses.
Take the Faculty of Law of Waseda University as an example. Students' graduation credits should reach 65,438+024 credits, including 60 credits for legal subjects, 26 credits for general education subjects, 20 credits for foreign language subjects, 65,438+04 credits for general education subjects and 4 credits for entrance education subjects. This course structure is helpful to expand the scope and possibility of students' choice, taking into account the learning requirements of law majors and the needs of students' self-shaping. At the same time, through the exchange program between Waseda University and relevant overseas cooperative universities, students are more likely to study abroad and expand their academic horizons and abilities. Because law education must have an international vision and personality, Waseda University provides students with the possibility of learning a third foreign language. The types of foreign languages that students can choose are: English, German, French, Chinese, Spanish, Russian and Korean. In terms of teaching methods, we also pay attention to the use of small-scale thematic discussions, thesis counseling, seminars and other teaching forms to find and solve the problems existing in students' learning and enrich the teaching content.
As far as legal courses are concerned, 60 credits are divided into three categories:
Compulsory legal courses (24 credits) include: Constitution I? II(4 credits), civil law I? II(8 credits), Criminal Law I(4 credits), Commercial Law I(4 credits), Civil Procedure Law I and Criminal Procedure Law 4 credits;
Basic legal subjects (4 credits) include: basic legal theory, introduction to foreign law and legal history;
Legal choice subjects (32 credits) include: international subjects, administrative (public policy) subjects, criminal subjects, civil subjects, commercial subjects, social subjects, legal practice subjects, etc.
Around the above-mentioned curriculum system of law major, the Faculty of Law of Waseda University has set the following professional directions, and students can choose their own direction and professional courses according to their own interests and expectations for the future:
Major professional courses
Civil justice
Basic course: Civil Law I (General? Property Law), Civil Law II (General Theory of Creditor's Rights? Contract law), civil law II (contract theory, unjust enrichment, illegal behavior), civil law IV (guarantee law), civil procedure law, etc.
Development courses: family law, real estate registration law, commercial law, negotiable instrument law, civil execution preservation law, bankruptcy law, environmental law, trust law, consumer law, land law, international civil procedure law, financial theory, etc.
criminal judicature
Criminal law, economic criminal law, criminal procedure law, criminal policy, criminology, etc.
international law
International law, international relations theory, private international law, international trade law, international economic law, international agency law, international labor law, European Union law, regional studies.
national policy
Administrative law, administrative science, legal policy theory, Constitution I (general), Constitution II (human rights), comparative constitutional law, jurisprudence, administrative procedure law, local autonomy law, economic and administrative law, environmental law, social security law, information law, education law, anti-monopoly law, rent tax law general, international tax law.
Enterprise? finance
Basic course: commercial law (general? Commercial behavior law), company law, negotiable instrument law, insurance law, maritime law, financial commodity trading law, anti-monopoly law, intellectual property law, etc.
Extended courses: economic administrative law, tax law, international tax law, bankruptcy law, trust law, civil execution preservation law, bankruptcy law, trust law, consumer law, economic criminal law, international trade law, international economic law, labor law, labor protection law, employment difference law, international labor law, etc.
Citizen? Social law
Philosophy of law, history of legal thought, sociology of law, history of Roman law, comparative law, labor law, social security law, environmental law, consumer law, agricultural law, land law, comparative constitution, foreign cultural studies, etc.
In short, no matter which direction students develop in the future, they should proceed from the actual needs, fully consider the various professional abilities and qualities they need, teach students in accordance with their aptitude and carefully cultivate them.
2. University graduate school
Japanese universities, that is, the graduate school of China University or graduate department, mainly train professionals engaged in legal research and teaching, including monks (masters) and doctors; But generally used? Master and doctor? The way, so also called postdoctoral and postdoctoral; After passing the preparatory course and the defense of the friar's thesis, you can get the friar's degree; If you continue to study, you can get a doctorate. But generally speaking, it is difficult to get a doctorate in law in Japan, which has a lot to do with the tradition of legal education in Japan and the high requirements for doctoral examination defense.
Tutorial system is mainly adopted in the training process of colleges and universities. Students cultivate and establish their scientific research skills and level through special lectures, classes [seminars], term papers, and assisting teachers in scientific research. The teaching content and teaching methods of graduate students are relatively free, and both tutors and students have great choices; For example, students will choose their own research direction and goals, and even become the protagonists of classroom teaching activities, while teachers will encourage and assist students to complete the research on corresponding problems by asking questions and giving necessary hints; Teachers' teaching mainly adopts heuristic teaching method, which is not limited to the acquisition of so-called standard answers, but more to help students establish standardized and rigorous academic thinking and expression, and exercise their independent scientific research ability.
The curriculum and direction of law graduate schools in various universities also have their own characteristics and differences. In addition to professional subjects, there are many public subjects. In addition to the subjects of this major, students can also choose public subjects or elective courses in our college. Under the premise of this flexible whole-course teaching plan, students can conduct interdisciplinary original research. In addition, the school also received great assistance and cooperation from lawyers and corporate legal advisers, and many experts working in the front line came to the stage to explain practical courses with practical charm.
The Law Research Department of the Graduate School of Central University mainly includes four law-related majors and five political science majors: public law, civil law, criminal law and international enterprise relations law. All majors have master's courses and doctoral courses. Upon graduation from master's and doctoral programs, graduates majoring in public law, civil law, criminal law and international enterprise relations law can obtain master's and doctoral degrees respectively. Political science graduates can get a master's degree and a doctor's degree in political science respectively.
3. Faculty of Law and Science
After the war, with the establishment of the judicial examination system and the formation of the legal elite, higher legal education in Japan gradually evolved into popular education, and higher legal education gradually divorced from the legal profession. To this end, Japan has established a college system of law and science based on the model of American law school. According to the Japanese academic conference held on July 2 1 2005, the Institute of Law, Science and Technology and Creative Law Education? According to the report "Studying the Future", as of April 2005, there were 74 schools of law and science in Japan with a total of 5,825 students.
The Academy of Law establishes specialized training on the basis of law research departments of various higher-level universities? Facao? In higher legal education institutions for practical talents, the academic system of law, science and technology colleges is generally 3 years, except 2 years; It belongs to the stage of postgraduate education. The College of Law Science and Technology focuses on cultivating practical legal talents, so its curriculum also embodies the characteristics of application:
First, the teaching method mainly adopts minority education, that is, the number of participants in each subject should not be too large, and the scale should not exceed 50;
Second, there are various teaching methods, such as lectures, exercises, surveys, reports, individual counseling, etc.
Third, set up topic clustering. Taking the three subject groups of A, B and C as the core curriculum group, taking into account the courses of D, E, F and G. Among them, the course of subject group A is the minimum legal knowledge that all law and science students should master; The discipline division of C discipline group is more detailed, with cases and case analysis as the center and courses offered from the perspective of practice; For example, courses in civil law (civil law, commercial law and civil procedure law are taught as a subject) and criminal law (including criminal law and criminal procedure law) are offered to integrate theory with practice.
All schools of law and science offer core courses A, B, C and discipline group G, and each school can set up discipline groups D, E and F according to its own characteristics. In principle, college of law and science students require a bachelor's degree, and non-law and law majors can apply; In order to ensure the fairness of the examination, in principle, a unified entrance examination system is adopted for law and illegal graduates.
For graduates of law and science schools, graduates of law and science schools will be granted special positions? Doctor of law? Degree, and can obtain a new judicial examination qualification. It should be noted that at present, foreign students can't directly apply for graduate students in Japan Law University, but they can apply for graduate students in Law Department.