Moral righteousness, indecent assault; Lessons are common, and indecent assault is unprepared; Disputes and lawsuits, indecent assault; Up and down, father and son brothers, indecent assault; Officials, scholars, indecent assault; Ban Chao, running the army, handing over officials, and acting in a dignified manner; It is dishonest to pray for shrines and sacrifices, and to sacrifice to ghosts and gods. It is a gentleman's gift, respect, restraint, retreat and ceremony.
To annotate ...
(1) Hall of Prayer for the New Year and Hall of Sacrifice: Different ways of offering sacrifices. Wu Cheng said: "Those who pray for shrines sacrifice for things; Sacrifice, common sacrifice. " Sacrifices and coins should be used to worship ghosts and gods.
②”:z？ N, restraint.
translate
Virtue, benevolence and righteousness are inseparable from etiquette (restraint); Education and punishment of folk customs are incomplete without etiquette; Correct merits and demerits, distinguish between right and wrong, and there will be no distinction without etiquette; The son of heaven, minister, shangqing, corporal, father, son, brother and younger brother cannot be determined without etiquette system; Be an official, study as a teacher, and be rude; The court is the director-general, reorganizing the army, performing official duties and executing laws and regulations. If you are impolite, you will lose your dignity. Sacrifices of different natures should be offered to ghosts and gods with sacrifices and silks. Disrespect for gods will appear solemn and impolite. Therefore, people who are virtuous and expensive should be respectful in appearance, respectful in heart, restrained, self-controlled, and conceded, so as to understand courtesy and righteousness.
2. Translation of classical Chinese "cautious independence" is selected from the so-called sincere people in the Book of Rites, and it is not self-deception. Such as evil stench, such as good lust 4; This is called modesty. Therefore, a gentleman must be cautious and independent.
Honesty means not deceiving yourself. I hate evil as much as I hate foul smells, and I like kindness as much as I like beautiful women. Only in this way can we say that our thoughts are honest and feel at ease. Therefore, people with high moral cultivation must be careful when they are alone, so that they can behave themselves.
It is not good for a villain to do nothing and do everything he can. I'm tired of seeing a gentleman. I slap him badly and slap him well. It is no good for a person to see himself if he sees his lungs and liver. This is called sincerity in the middle and tangible outside. So a gentleman must be cautious and independent.
People without moral cultivation can do anything bad when they live alone. When they meet people with moral cultivation, they hide and try to cover up their bad deeds. Pretend to do something good and try to show your virtue. In fact, other people's eyes are discerning. Seeing through these bad guys is like seeing through their hearts. So what are the benefits of this practice of hiding evil and promoting good? That is to say, what kind of practical virtue people have inside, what kind of words and deeds they will have outside. Therefore, people with moral cultivation must be cautious when they are alone, and behave appropriately even when they are alone.
Zeng Zi said, "What you see with ten eyes and what you point to with ten hands is strict!" Rich, virtuous, broad-minded and obese, so a gentleman must be sincere.
Zeng Shen said: "If a person is watched by many pairs of eyes and lit by many fingers, isn't it very serious and terrible!" Wealth can decorate houses and make them gorgeous; Morality can cultivate people's body and mind and make people's thoughts noble. Broad-minded and cheerful, the body is naturally comfortable, so people with moral cultivation must make their thoughts honest.
3. erudite
Mencius said: "erudite and refined, but you promise it on the contrary."
translate
Mencius said: "The purpose of learning from others and explaining in detail is to return to simplicity after mastering it."
reading comprehension
Truth is simple, partly because of our need to understand, and partly because of the ostentation of so-called "learned people", which makes them more and more complex and profound.
"You don't say I still understand. The more you say, the more confused I am! " This is a complaint or humor that we often hear. If this complaint comes from a diligent student, I'm afraid the teacher will really sweat under his arm and wish there were no holes to drill.
In fact, on many issues, we hate having no holes to drill. For example, "What is a person?" "What is culture?" Don't say that everyone understands, that everyone is confused. Therefore, erudition is not to show off one's profound knowledge and pretend to be profound, but to explain it in simple terms and return to the original.
Teaching is like this, talking is like this, dancing is like this.
The so-called "gorgeous and extremely plain", erudition is attributed to simplicity.
Erudite comment is that mean, and conciseness is the purpose.
4. Who can help me translate this ancient prose, which is selected from the translation of The Doctrine of the Mean? Great, the way of saints! Vast and boundless, everything is endless, lofty as the sky; More than enough, 300 etiquette and 3,000 dignity. These are all done in the service of saints. Therefore, if there is no extremely high virtue, it is impossible to succeed on the extremely high road. Therefore, gentlemen respect moral cultivation and pursue knowledge; Reach a broad realm and study subtly; Insight into everything and pursue the doctrine of the mean; Review existing knowledge and acquire new knowledge; Worship etiquette sincerely. Therefore, he is not proud of being in a high position, nor does he give up on himself in a low position. When the national government was clear, his remarks were enough to rejuvenate the country; His silence was enough to save himself when the national government was dark. The Book of Songs says, "Be wise to protect yourself." I guess that's what I mean.
reading comprehension
On the basis of continuing to praise the sage's way, this chapter puts forward two important questions.
The first is Xiu De to adapt to the way of saints. Because without high morality, you can't succeed very high, so you should "respect moral cultivation and pursue knowledge;" Reach a broad realm and study subtly; Insight into everything and pursue the doctrine of the mean; Review existing knowledge and acquire new knowledge; Sincerely worship etiquette. " Zhu believes that these five sentences, "the same size, the same beginning and end", are the most sage spirit and need to be studied by scholars. In fact, these five sentences are nothing more than respecting moral cultivation and pursuing knowledge. In our words today, they are the problems of "moral education" and "intellectual education", and the problem of "being both red and expert". The educational policy we implement today is nothing more than adding "sports" to these two aspects. Its nature and connotation are naturally different, but the way to start is the same.
With the cultivation of morality, intelligence and body, can we realize the unimpeded way of being a saint? The problem is certainly not that simple. Self-cultivation is subjective preparation, and the realization of sage's way depends on objective realistic conditions. Of course, objective reality conditions can be popularized, but what if they are not available? This requires "arrogance from top to bottom, arrogance from top to bottom", "wealth can't be lewd, poverty can't be moved, and powerful people can't bend" (Mencius Teng Wengong). As for the attitude that "the words of the state-owned Tao are strong enough, and the silence of the state is tolerant enough", it is in line with Mencius' statement that "if you are poor, you will be immune to it, and if you are up to it, you will help the world" ("Mencius with all your heart"), which is a kind of disposal and adaptation to real politics. On the other hand, it is an art of settling down and advancing and retreating. So in the final analysis, it is still: "protect your body with wisdom and philosophy." Of course, the speaker is easy to do, but it seems dull but difficult. It's really not easy to preserve our sanity. Therefore, Bai Juyi, a great poet in the Tang Dynasty, wants to help "even a wise man may have a long thought, but he will lose his way. Who can kill two birds with one stone?" ("Du You Official System") In the Song Dynasty, Lu You even bluntly sighed: "I believe it is very difficult to preserve our sanity!" (Postscript Fan Wenzheng Official Book)
Only by being wise can we advance and retreat freely and make ourselves invincible.
Of course, this has nothing to do with the "liberal performance" of "it's none of our business and must not be confused".
5. China's classical Chinese, selected from the original good scholars in the Book of Rites, learned from teachers, got twice the result with half the effort (2), thus learning something (3).
Poor scholars and diligent teachers get twice the result with half the effort, so they complain a lot. A good questioner, like attacking wood (4), changes the person first, then changes the procedure (5), and over time, talks about it to solve it (6).
People who are not good at asking questions are the opposite. Be kind to the questioner, such as ringing the bell. If you knock at the door quietly, you will ring. If you knock loudly, you will ring. Wait calmly and then go all out (7).
People who are not good at answering questions are the opposite. This is the way to learn.
Note (1) This section is selected from Xue Ji. (2) Easy: carefree, meaning effortless.
Work: effect. (3) Yong: credit.
(4) Attack: treatment refers to the treatment of wood. (5) Node: The branches of the tree are at the joint.
Objective: where that texture is not smooth. (6) Say: Same as Yue.
(7) Calm: the same as "capacity", that is, ringing the bell. Those who are good at learning, the teacher pays little effort, but the effect is great, which is attributed to the teacher's good teaching.
For those who are not good at learning, the teacher works hard, but his gains are small, so students will blame the teacher. People who are good at asking questions, just like processing hardwood, start with places that are easy to handle, and then solve the problems of knots and textures after a long time.
People who are not good at asking questions are the opposite. A teacher who is good at answering questions is like ringing a bell. If you tap lightly, the bell will ring loudly. Let the bell ring after it rings.
Teachers who are not good at answering questions are the opposite. These are all ways to improve learning.
6. Who can help me translate this ancient prose? It is selected from The Book of Rites, The Way of University (1), Ming Ming De (2), People (3) and Perfect.
Zhi Zhi ④ then settled down; Calm down first and then be quiet; Be quiet before you can be safe; Worry first; After thinking about it, you can get (5). Things start and end, and things end.
If you know the order, you will find a shortcut. If the ancient desire is obviously superior to the world, rule the country first; If you want to govern your country, get your family together first (6); If you want to keep your family together, you should take physical exercises first (7); If you want to cultivate yourself, you should be upright first; If you want to be correct, be sincere first; If you want to be sincere, let them know first (8); Know in the case (9).
Things are known; Knowing it is sincere; Sincerity before righteousness; Put your mind right and practice again; After the body is repaired, the family is clean and tidy; Family harmony, and then national governance; The country rules and the world is at peace. From Tian Zi to Shu Ren (10), self-cultivation is the main method (1 1).
Those who die of root disorder will be denied (12). Thick is thin, thin is thick (13), nothing (14)! Note (1) The way of university: the purpose of university.
The word "university" has two meanings in ancient times: one is the meaning of "learning"; The second is "adult learning" relative to primary schools. Ancient eight-year primary schools learned basic cultural knowledge and etiquette such as "sweeping to cope with advance and retreat, shooting books to be polite and happy"; At the age of fifteen, I went to college to study ethics, politics, philosophy and other knowledge, such as "being poor means being benevolent, cultivating self-cultivation, governing the country and leveling the world".
So the latter meaning is actually similar to the former meaning, and it also means "erudition". The original meaning of "Tao" is Tao, and it is extended to law and reason. In China's ancient philosophy and politics, it also refers to the origin and individual of all things in the universe, a certain political viewpoint or ideology, etc. It has different meanings in different contexts.
(2) Ming Ming De: As a verb, the former "Ming" means to make it move, that is, "to make it clear", which means to carry forward and carry forward. The latter "Ming" is an adjective, and Mingde is also an aboveboard figure.
(3) Being close to the people: According to later generations, "pro" should be "new", that is, innovation, abandoning the old and seeking the new. Being close to the people means being new to the people, which makes people abandon the old and seek the new, and get rid of evil and do good.
(4) Zhi Zhi: Know the target. (5) gain: gain.
(6) Manage your family well: manage your family well to make it harmonious, prosperous and prosperous. (7) Self-cultivation: Self-cultivation.
(8) Know it: make yourself acquire knowledge. (9) Wu Ge: Understand and study everything.
. Shu Ren: It refers to ordinary people.
(1 1) One is: both. Ben: Not at all.
(12) End: Compared with Ben, it refers to branches and the ends of branches. (13) thick people are thin: people who should pay attention are not.
Thin is thick: pay attention to what you should not pay attention to. (14) Nothing: Nothing.
There is no such reason (thing, method, etc.). The purpose of the university is to carry forward the aboveboard moral character, make people abandon the old and establish the new, and make people reach the most perfect state.
Only by knowing what you should achieve can you be firm; With determination, you can be calm and calm; Only when you are calm can you feel at ease; Only when you feel at ease can you think of glory; Only by thinking about glory can we gain something. Everything has roots and branches, and everything has a beginning and an end.
Knowing this truth from beginning to end is close to the law of development of things. In ancient times, if you want to carry forward the aboveboard character in the world, you must first manage your own country; To govern the country well, we must first govern the family and clan; If you want to manage your family and family well, you must first cultivate your own character; If you want to cultivate your character, you must first correct your mentality; If you want to correct your heart, you must first make your heart sincere; If you want to make your ideas sincere, you must first acquire knowledge; The way to acquire knowledge is to know and study everything.
Knowledge can only be acquired through the understanding and research of everything; Only after acquiring knowledge can the mind be sincere; Sincere heart, square heart; With a correct mind, we can cultivate our own character; Only through the cultivation of character can we run a good family and family; Only when the family and clan are well managed can the country be well managed; Only when the country is well governed can the world be peaceful. From the head of state to the common people, everyone should be self-cultivation-oriented.
If this is fundamentally disturbed, it is impossible for families, families, countries and the world to be well governed. Regardless of priorities, it is impossible to put the cart before the horse, and I want to do a good job! The purpose of the university is to carry forward the aboveboard moral character, make people innovate and reach the most perfect state.
Only by knowing what you should achieve can you be firm; With determination, you can be calm and calm; Only when you are calm can you feel at ease; Only when you feel at ease can you think of glory; Only by thinking about glory can we gain something. Everything has roots and branches, and everything has a beginning and an end.
Knowing this truth from beginning to end is close to the law of development of things. In ancient times, if you want to carry forward the aboveboard character in the world, you must first manage your own country; To govern the country well, we must first govern the family and clan; If you want to manage your family and family well, you must first cultivate your own character; If you want to cultivate your character, you must first correct your mentality; If you want to correct your heart, you must first make your heart sincere; If you want to make your ideas sincere, you must first acquire knowledge; The way to acquire knowledge is to know and study everything.
Knowledge can only be acquired through the understanding and research of everything; Only after acquiring knowledge can the mind be sincere; Sincere heart, square heart; With a correct mind, we can cultivate our own character; Only through the cultivation of character can we run a good family and family; Only when the family and clan are well managed can the country be well managed; Only when the country is well governed can the world be peaceful. From the head of state to the common people, everyone should be self-cultivation-oriented.
If this is fundamentally disturbed, it is impossible for families, families, countries and the world to be well governed. You can't put the cart before the horse, and you want to do a good job regardless of priorities! This is called grasping the root, and this is called the apex of knowledge.
7. Please translate Dai Sheng's classical Chinese series. There is no specific context and it is difficult to judge. What do you think of this translation?
First of all, the preposition "Yu" should be omitted before this sentence, and it should be "compiled in the bedroom door"
"Bedroom": 1, the back hall where ancestral clothes are hidden in the ancestral hall.
The main hall of the emperor's mausoleum is a place of sacrifice.
"door": the gate.
"Zhi": Here: the structural auxiliary word "De".
"inside": inside.
"Collection": You should choose from these: 1, and converge on the collection.
Step 2 collect and make ...
3. collect and organize.
"Zhi": here should be the pronoun "it, or they (which depends on the original context)"
In this way, according to my tips, you can easily translate according to the context.
Probably: in the main hall gate of the mausoleum of Hadrian, it is put away.
8. Seek translation from The Book of Rites. Music is naturally quiet, which is human nature. It is also a natural instinct to have different feelings under the influence of external things (that is, people's innate nature is fixed, but they can instinctively perceive external things, that is to say, people are born with static and dynamic, static is nature, and dynamic is also nature). Then, because you can feel the movement of things, and then gradually distinguish different feelings (different from different external things), different likes and dislikes are formed. But inner likes and dislikes cannot be effectively controlled (this is nature), and the temptation of foreign objects is beyond your control (foreign objects are everywhere, which is inevitable). If you can't reflect on yourself often, then human nature will gradually lose.
Foreign things give people endless feelings, and people's likes and dislikes cannot be completely controlled. In this way, if they keep accumulating, they will eventually be overwhelmed by endless external material desires, and human nature will be completely lost, and people can't be called human beings, which is no different from a dead thing without feelings. People have reached this dead-end situation, which is formed by the gradual loss of innate nature and the growing desire of the day after tomorrow.
Therefore, people will have crazy, rebellious, fraudulent and fraudulent ideas, and will do things that are dissolute, enjoyable and chaotic. As a result, the strong oppress the weak, the many bully the few, the cunning cheat the honest, the brave torture the weak, the sick are not taken care of, and the elderly, children, orphans and widows are not taken care of as they should be. These are big social problems.
In fact, this kind of article translated into vernacular Chinese can't express the meaning well at all, or ancient Chinese is more interesting. In short, we can feel it from several different angles and get completely different results, which is the advantage of ancient Chinese over vernacular Chinese.
It is said throughout that "if likes and dislikes are not restrained, they will naturally be destroyed and human beings will be transformed." This kind of thinking requires us to constantly reflect on our external behavior and improve our internal cultivation. We should not have endless material desires without cultivating our minds, but should achieve a certain balance.