A. wide tube type
B. Waxy tube
C. renal epithelial cell cast
D. granular tube
2. Which of the following diseases is accompanied by polyuria and high density:
A. Diabetes insipidus
B. Chronic nephritis
C. diabetes
D. Chronic pyelonephritis
3. The difference between homogeneous red blood cell hematuria and heterogeneous red blood cell hematuria lies in:
A. Heterotypic red blood cells? 80%
B. Heterotypic red blood cells? 80%
C. heteromorphic red blood cells? 50%
D. heteromorphic red blood cells? 60%
4. The father is type O blood and the mother is type A blood. The blood types of these children are as follows:
A.b type
B. One type
C.o type
5. The following components that do not belong to Hayem liquid are:
A. Sodium chloride
B. mercury chloride
C. formaldehyde
6. The changes of red blood cell histogram in aplastic anemia are as follows:
A. the peak moves to the right, and the peak bottom is basically unchanged.
B. the peak moves to the left, and the bottom of the peak is basically unchanged.
C. the peak does not move, and the peak bottom is basically unchanged.
D. the peak moves to the right and the bottom of the peak widens.
E. the peak moves to the left and the bottom of the peak widens.
Reference answer and analysis
1. Reference answer D. Analysis: The appearance of granular cast indicates that there is a substantial lesion in the kidney; Wax cast indicates that renal lesions are serious for a long time and the prognosis is poor. Wide-tube type is found in severe nephropathy and acute renal failure with polyuria; Renal epithelial cell casts are common in renal tubular lesions, such as acute tubular necrosis. Therefore, choose D in this question.
2. Reference answer C. Analysis: The main mechanism of diabetes mellitus (DM) causing polyuria is osmotic diuresis, and the urine density and urine osmotic pressure of patients are increased; Diabetes insipidus refers to serious deficiency or lack of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) secretion, or desensitization or decreased sensitivity of kidney to ADH. The patient's 24-hour urine output can be as high as 5? 15L； Urine density is often lower than1.003; Options b and d refer to the gradual decline of renal concentrating function caused by renal tubular destruction, which can cause polyuria. Nocturnal urination is its characteristic. Therefore, this question chooses C.
3. Reference answer A. Analysis: Homogeneous erythrocytic hematuria refers to non-glomerular hematuria, and heterogeneous erythrocytic hematuria refers to glomerular hematuria; At present, there is no uniform standard for the distinction between renal hematuria and non-renal hematuria. Most people think: renal hematuria, abnormal red blood cells? 80%; Nonrenal hematuria, abnormal red blood cells? 50%, most red blood cells are normal red blood cells. Therefore, choose a in this question.
4. reference answer D. analysis: the mother's blOOd type is a, the genotype can be AA or AO, and the father's genotype is oo. According to the genetic law, the child's blood type is AA or AO, so the child's blood type is A or O.
5. Reference answer C. Analysis: Hayem solution consists of NaCl (osmotic pressure adjustment), Na2SO4 (increasing specific gravity to prevent cell adhesion), HgCl2 (preservative) and distilled water.
6. Reference answer A. Analysis: The change of red blood cell histogram of aplastic anemia is that the peak moves to the right, and the peak bottom is basically unchanged.
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