The theoretical discussion and empirical research on the civic quality education of college students mainly focus on the civic quality education in colleges and universities. Starting from objectively grasping the current situation of college students' civic quality, this paper explores the influencing factors behind it along the basic ideas of "what", "how to do" and "why to do it", so as to provide effective and operable countermeasures for colleges and universities to implement civic quality education. The main contents of "Theoretical Discussion and Empirical Research on Citizenship Education for College Students" include: the analysis of the concept of "Citizenship Education", an overview of the quality of the relationship between college students and the country, society and citizens in China, an analysis of the individual characteristics, school environment, family environment and social environment factors that affect the citizenship quality of college students in China, the rational choice of strengthening citizenship education in colleges and universities in China, and an appendix to a questionnaire on citizenship quality of college students for readers' reference.