Lu Xun

First, read classics and history.

A rich man said that he would read the Bible [2], and a group of narrow-minded people also said that they would read the Bible. It is not only "reading", but also "saving the country". "Study from time to time, don't you?" [3] Maybe so, but the Sino-Japanese War was defeated. -Why just say "Sino-Japanese War"? Because the school was still open at that time, before the abolition of Confucian classics.

I thought friends who were not deep at their desks didn't have to bury their heads in sewing books now. If he is addicted to old books for a long time, he might as well read history, especially the history of Song and Ming Dynasties, especially unofficial history. Or read a miscellaneous story. Nowadays, Chinese and western scholars are almost out of their wits when they hear the name "Four Ku Encyclopedias" [5], and their knees always go weak. In fact, the original style of the book has changed, typos have been added and even articles have been deleted. The most convenient is the two kinds of Hakka [7] in the Chamber of Secrets series [6], one is the Song version and the other is the Si version. Just compare them. The same is true of official history, "official compilation" and "king authorization" It is not only biographical, but also put on a "historical shelf"; inside

Also dare not say anything. It is said that there are good and bad between the lines, but who has so much thought to guess the boring Hulu? So far, I still say, "I will declare my life story to the National History Museum for biography", so forget it.

Unofficial history's and miscellaneous stories are inevitably misinformed and offensive, but we can see the past clearly because it is not as melodramatic as the official history. Looking at the events of the Song Dynasty, the compilation of the Three Dynasties Northern Alliance [8] has become an antique, which is too expensive, but the newly printed Song Tales [9] is still cheap. Wild Acquisition in the Ming Dynasty [10] was original, but it was also made into an antique, each of which cost tens of yuan; It is easy to start with A Brief Introduction to the North and South of Ming Dynasty [1 1], Collection of Ming History [12] and the newly printed History of Pain [13].

History books are old books of the past, and have nothing to do with aggressive warriors. But as I said before, if we can't get through, we can check and know how similar our situation is now. Now, we have our confused actions and confused thoughts at that time, all of which have gone wrong.

If you try to go to Central Park, you may always meet your grandmother, whose granddaughter is playing. The appearance of this grandmother foretells the baby's future. So if anyone wants to predict your wife's wealth in the future, just look at her mother-in-law. Of course, there are some differences, but the difference is not far. This is the purpose of our audit.

But I don't mean that it has been like this since ancient times, so there is nothing we can do now. I advise people to be in awe of the "past" and think that it has forged our destiny. Mr. Lebon [14] said that it is true that the strength of the dead is greater than that of the living, but human beings are evolving. According to General Zhang, evolution is banned somewhere in the United States [15], which really scared me to death. However, if you ban it, you will always enter.

In short, the more you read history, the more you can appreciate the urgency of China's reform. Although it is national, it must be reformed if it is to be reformed, otherwise what is written in miscellaneous history will be a lesson from the past. As soon as the reform is carried out, you don't have to be afraid that your granddaughter will always be like your grandmother. For example, the grandmother's feet are triangular and it is difficult to walk, while the little girl's feet are full of feet and can fly; The old lady in her mother-in-law's family had smallpox and had some shortcomings on her face, but her wife had been vaccinated, so her skin was fine and her meat was white: this is far from it.

1February 8th.

Second, hold and dig.

In China, when people encounter a person with ominous signs that will make them feel uneasy, they always use two methods: crushing him or lifting him.

If you suppress it, use old habits and old morals, or rely on official power. Therefore, although you fight for the people, you will often perish because of this "doing". Only in this way can they feel at ease. When you can't get it off, you just lift it, thinking about lifting it to make it higher and full, so that you can be harmless to yourself and feel at ease.

Smart people are naturally beneficial to embellishment and praise, such as rich old people, actors, general managers and so on; However, among the average rough people, those who have not "read the classics" are probably just trying to avoid harm. In other words, as far as the Shinto is concerned, it is generally fierce. It goes without saying that Vulcan and athel Loren, even the god of wealth, are as terrible beasts as snakes and thorns; Guanyin Bodhisattva is lovely, but it was introduced from India, not our "national quintessence". To sum up, nine times out of ten people who are praised are not good things.

Since nine times out of ten is not a good thing, it will be praised later, and the result will naturally be counterproductive to the supporters' hopes. It can not only make them uneasy, but also make them very uneasy, because people's hearts are not easy to be satisfied. However, people haven't realized this yet, and they still regard it as one of the safe ways.

I remember a book telling jokes, the title of which I forgot. Maybe it's snickering in the Woods [16]. It is said that when a magistrate of a county was born, because he belonged to a mouse, members raised funds to cast a golden mouse as a gift. After the magistrate accepted it, he found another opportunity to say to the public: next year happens to be his wife's life; She is one year younger than me, and she is an ox. In fact, if you don't send the golden mouse first, he will never dare to think of Taurus. Once you let go, it's hard to clean up. No matter whether Taurus can't send it, even if it does, I'm afraid menstruation is an elephant. It seems unreasonable that the elephant is not in the zodiac, but this is the way I imagined it for him. Of course, there are other unfathomable tricks in magistrate of a county.

During the People's Republic of China (PRC) Revolution, I was in S City, and a viceroy came. [17] Although he was born in Greenwood University, he never "read classics" (? ), but still is the tail from wagging the dog, listen to public opinion, but since the gentleman and even Shu Ren, with the ancestral holding method to hold. This visit, that compliment, today to send clothes, tomorrow to send wing seats, won him even get carried away, and gradually became an old bureaucrat and began to scrape the ground.

The strangest thing is that the rivers in northern provinces are so much higher than the roofs. At first, it was natural to prevent it from collapsing, so we put a little soil on it; Unexpectedly, the higher the paddle, the greater the disaster once it is broken. So we "grab the dike", "protect the dike" and "prevent the dike from collapsing". There are many colors, and everyone suffers. If I see the river flooding, I will dig the bottom of the river instead of adding dikes.

It is not only golden mice but also dead mice that covet Taurus. Then, even birthdays are unnecessary in my life. It's already a great pleasure to just save a message of congratulations.

The root of China people's troubles lies in possession, and the way of "seek fortune for oneself" [18] lies in excavation. In fact, the amount of labor is similar, but from the perspective of people with too much inertia, they think it is still relatively labor-saving.

December tenth.

Third, the first and the last.

Han Feizi said that the secret of horse racing is "don't be the first, don't be the last". [19] Although it looks like a layman like us, it also makes sense. Because if you run hard at the beginning of the song, your horsepower will be exhausted. But that first sentence only applies to horse racing, but it's a pity that China people regard it as a golden needle that affects people's lives.

China people not only "don't take the lead", "don't cause trouble", and even "don't bring happiness first". [20] So everything is not easy to reform; Generally, no one is afraid of being a pioneer, and no one is afraid of being a pioneer. However, can human nature really be as calm as Taoism says? I want more. Since you dare not take it, you have to use intrigue and means. In this way, people become more and more timid. Since it is not the first one, it is naturally not the last one. Therefore, although there are a large number of people, the birds and beasts will be scattered when they see the crisis. If occasionally a few people refuse to go back and suffer, public commentators will say that they are fools. The same is true of persistent people [2 1].

I sometimes go to the school sports meeting occasionally. Unlike the war between two enemy countries, this kind of competition is not fierce, but it will be scolded or even fought because of competition. But these things are another matter. When walking, it is probably the fastest three or four people who reach the decisive point, and the rest are relaxed. Some of them even lost the courage to complete the scheduled laps and squeezed into the audience halfway. Or pretend to fall and let the Red Cross carry him away on a stretcher. If someone occasionally runs away, even if he falls behind, everyone will laugh at him. Maybe it's because he is too stupid to be the last one.

Therefore, there are few heroes who have failed in China, few soldiers who dare to fight alone, and few followers who dare to shout traitors. Seeing signs of victory, they gathered, and seeing signs of failure, they fled. Europeans and Americans who are better at fighting than us, Huns, Mongols and Manchus who are not necessarily better at fighting, are like nobody's business. The word "falling apart" is really self-aware.

There are many people who are "not ashamed of the last". No matter what happens, they are afraid that they will never fall apart at once. Every time I watch a sports meeting, I often think that the winner is respectable, but the backward competitors still don't stop running to the finish line. Seeing such competitors and watching silently is the backbone of China's future.

Four. Abortion and seed breakage

Recently, for the creation of young people, the autumn of "abortion" suddenly appeared, and there were a large number of people who longed for peace. I now believe that there is no malice in inventing this statement, but it is said occasionally; It's understandable to make up, because that's probably what happened.

I don't understand why China people are so calm in the old situation and so grumpy in the new opportunity. Are you so sorry for what you did, so sorry for what you did?

Gentlemen with superb knowledge and foresight enlighten us: if you don't give birth to sages, heroes and geniuses, you won't be born; If what you write is not immortal, don't write; If the reform doesn't suddenly turn into bliss, or at least give me (! ) there are more benefits, don't move! ..... So, is he a conservative? It is said that it is not. He is a revolutionary. Only he has a fair, just, steady, complete, peaceful and abuse-free reform law; I'm studying in the laboratory now, but I haven't studied yet. When to study? Answer: I'm not sure.

The first step of a child's first step in learning is really childish, dangerous, deformed, or simply ridiculous in the eyes of adults. But no matter what kind of stupid woman, she always looks at him with sincere hope to take this first step, and will never "force him to death" because he is naive and afraid of blocking the route of the rich; It will never forbid him to lie in bed and let him study until he can fly to the ground. Because she knew that if she did, she wouldn't be able to walk even at the age of 100.

Since ancient times, the so-called scholars, for the latecomers, have been committed to propaganda or reform. It is natural to be polite these days. Anyone who comes out will probably meet a bachelor who will refuse the phone call: stay and sit down. Then we talked about the truth: investigation, research, deliberation, cultivation, ... the result is that we die of old age in the same place. Otherwise, you will get the title of "making trouble". Like young people today, I have asked the dead and the undead teachers the way to go. They all said: no east, no west, no south, no north. But don't say it should be east, west, south and north. I finally saw their hearts: this is just a "no".

Waiting for peace and progress, if possible, is naturally good, but what you can worry about is that what you are waiting for will not come in the end; It is also very gratifying not to have children, not to have abortions, and to wait for a heroic and wonderful child [22], but what is worrying is that there is nothing in the end.

If you think it is better to stop planting than to get a good baby, there is nothing to say. But to hear human footsteps forever, I think abortion is more promising than not having children, because it has been clearly proved that children can be born.

1February 20th.

alcoholic anonymous

[1] This article was first published in 19251February 10, 12, and 22 in the supplement of Beijing National Daily.

[2] A rich man refers to a person. Please refer to the note on page 13 1 of this volume [1] for saving the nation by reading classics.

[3] See the Analects of Confucius for the sentence "Learning while learning". "Say" is the same as "Yue".

(4) Send waste classics. 1894 (the 20th year of Guangxu, the Sino-Japanese War) After the defeat in the Sino-Japanese War, the Qing government quickly took some improvement measures. During the Reform Movement of 1898 (1898), Emperor Guangxu issued a decree on July 6, establishing ordinary primary and secondary schools and transforming academies into schools. On June 20th, an imperial edict was issued to abolish stereotyped writing in the imperial examination, saying, "Anyone who uses the four books and five classics should have a try."

[5] In the thirty-eighth year of Qing Qianlong (1773), the Siku Quanshu Library was established. It took officials ten years to select and record the books collected in the palace and the books donated by the people. People spend * * * three kinds of books to select and record, which are divided into four parts: classics, history, children and books collection, known as the "King of James IV", which plays a role in preserving and sorting out documents to a certain extent; However, it is also one of the specific measures of cultural control of the Qing government. Any book that is considered to be "in violation of the law" is either "completely destroyed" or "destroyed" or tampered with, making it unfounded later. [6] "Lin Lang Chamber of Secrets Series" is the school magazine of Hu Wei in the Qing Dynasty, with a total of * * * five episodes and 36 kinds. The books collected are mainly anecdotes, narratives and explanations.

[7] "Mao Ting Hakka Dialect" was written by Huang Xiufu in Song Dynasty, with ten volumes of * *. The content is to record the chores in Shu from the Five Dynasties to the Song Dynasty (about the tenth century AD).

[8] "Three Dynasties North Alliance Compilation" was compiled by Xu in the Song Dynasty, with a volume of * * * 250. This book collects the historical materials of the Song and Jin peace wars from the seventh year of Song Huizong administration (117) to the thirty-first year of Gaozong Shaoxing (1 16 1).

[9] Song Dynasty Tales Series refers to the Song Dynasty books (all note novels) published by the Commercial Press, edited by Xia Jingguan, and has published more than 20 kinds.

[10] Wild Collection is Wanli Wild Collection, written by Shen Defu in Ming Dynasty, with thirty volumes and four addenda. It recorded Zongshen's legal and regulatory system and local dialect from the establishment of the Ming Dynasty to the Wanli period. [1 1] Introduction to the North and South in the Ming Dynasty The Ming Dynasty refers to the North and South. Six wonders of the Qing Dynasty. "Beilue" is a twenty-four volume, which records the events from forty-four years of Wanli (16 16) to seventeen years of Chongzhen (1644). "Nanlue" XVIII

A volume related to Beilue can be traced back to the murder of Li Yong, the Emperor of the Southern Ming Dynasty, in the first year of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty (1662).

[12] The Collection of History of the Ming Dynasty is a collection of laymen in the Qing Dynasty, with a total of 27 volumes and 16 kinds of history of the Ming Dynasty. Every book records the legacy of the late Ming Dynasty. There is a typography of the Liu Yun Bureau in the capital.

[13] The History of Pain, edited by Lotte Jushi, consists of three episodes. After the Revolution of 1911, it was printed by Shanghai Commercial Press and collected more than 20 species of unofficial history in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties.

[14] Lebon Lepen (1841-1931), a French social psychologist. In his book Psychological Laws of Ethnic Evolution, he said: "To understand the true meaning of race, we must extend it to the past and the future at the same time. The dead are infinitely more than the living and stronger than them. " (Translated by Zhang Gongbiao, Commercial Press Edition) See Hot Wind and Random Thoughts, page 38.

[15] on the prohibition of evolution in the United States, Zhang is in the seventeenth volume of Jiayin Weekly.

No. (1925 1 1 7th of the month) said in Interpretation of Righteousness: "Ten-Nepal is in Tianruixi. The same is true of respect for more pious people. This is stipulated in the state constitution. Every textbook. Reason contradicts the Bible. Should be banned. There is a city in this state called Dayton in the Tang Dynasty. In its primary school. There is a teacher named JohnThomasScopes. Teach disciples evolution. The state government is very angry. This is against the teachings. Touch the constitution again. Name the family members with a history of arrest. The judge asked him about his crime. " Later, because of "reading its scribes. Fine 100 yuan. " The theory of evolution is an evolutionary theory based on natural selection put forward by British biologist Darwin (1809-1882) in his book The Origin of Species. It reveals the law of biological origin, variation and development, and has a great influence on modern biological science.

[16] The 13 volumes of Xiao Lin Guang Ji compiled by Feng Menglong were banned in the Qing Dynasty. Later, the bookstore adapted it into "Laughing in the Forest", with 12 volumes signed by the editor.

People. For jokes about the golden mouse, see the first volume of this book (see also the second volume of Guangxiao Fu).

The revolution in People's Republic of China (PRC) is the Revolution of 1911. S city, referring to Shaoxing; The Governor refers to Wang Jinfa. See "Flowers at Morning in Fan Ainong" and its attention. Wang Jinfa once led the Pingyang Sect of Hong Men Society in eastern Zhejiang, claiming to be thousands of people, so the author jokingly called him "from Greenwood University".

[18] For the language of "seek fortune for oneself", see "The Book of Songs, Elegance and King of Literature": "Always match your own life and seek many blessings." It means that as long as you follow your destiny, Fulu will come.

[19] "Not the first, not the last" is shown in note [29] on page 1 10 of this volume.

20) "Don't be a military commander" comes from "Book of Rites Tan Gong": "Isn't it good not to be a military commander?" According to Zheng Xuan's note in the Han Dynasty: "To attack for the sake of soldiers is to honor and defend". "Don't start with disaster" and "Don't be blessed first". See Zhuangzi deliberately: "Don't be a blessing first, don't be a disaster first; I feel that I have to follow, force me to go, and force me to start. "

[2 1] For the language of "perseverance", see Xunzi's "Perseverance": "Perseverance can turn a stone into a stone." The meaning of sculpture.

[22] A proverb of Jin Song's time. Book of Wang Jinyanchuan: "What makes an old woman happy?" Xin Xiner means "such a child". Ning, if so; Heart, a particle.