How did Meng Tian die? In the winter of 265438 BC (the thirty-seventh year of Qin Shihuang), Zhao of Qin Shihuang fell ill on his way to Huiji, and sent Meng Qian around him to worship mountains and rivers to pray for blessings. Soon Qin Shihuang died of illness in a sand dune, and his death was blocked. Zhao Gao worried that Fu Su's succession and Meng Huo's reuse would be bad for him, so he detained the testamentary edict and plotted to usurp the throne with Hu Hai. He also coerced Reese to conspire with them to forge wills and decrees. ? Will? Accusing Fu Su of not being able to make contributions outside, but resenting his father, he sent messengers to execute Fu Su and Meng Tian on trumped-up charges. Fu Su committed suicide, and Meng Tian became suspicious and asked for a retrial.
The emissary handed Meng Tian over to officials, sent Reese and others to replace Meng Tian, and imprisoned Meng Tian in Yangzhou. After Hu Hai killed Fu Su, he wanted to release Montaigne. However, Zhao Shenggao was afraid that Montessori would spoil the game again, which was not good for him and he was determined to destroy Montessori. Then it was circulated on the issue of establishing a prince that Meng Ke once slandered Hu Hai in front of the first emperor, so Hu Hai went to prison and killed Meng Ke, and sent people to Yangzhou to kill Meng Tian.
The messenger said to Montaigne. You have committed too many crimes. Besides, Meng Yi should be dead and sitting next to you. ? Meng Tian said? I risked my life for Qin, three generations. I command 300,000 troops. Although I am imprisoned, I am strong enough to betray. But I know I should die without hesitation. I did this because I didn't dare to disgrace the teachings of my ancestors and forget their kindness. ?
The messenger said, I am only ordered to put you to death, and I dare not report the general's words to your majesty. ? Meng Tian sighed:? How did I offend God? He was executed for being innocent. After a long silence, he said. My sin was supposed to be death. Starting from Lintao, I built the Great Wall in Liaodong and dug a ditch in Vandory. In the meantime, it is impossible not to dig a vein. This is my sin! ? So he swallowed the medicine and killed himself.
Historical evaluation of Meng Tian:? Meng Tian, the general of the Qin Dynasty, chased Rong people in the north, and traveled thousands of miles in Yuzhong, but he actually cut it. ?
Sima Qian:? I'm in the north, and I'm going straight home. I'm going to see what Meng Tian has done. Qin built the Great Wall Pavilion, built trenches and walked straight, which lightened the people's strength. At the beginning of the Qin dynasty, the princes were destroyed, the heart of the world was undecided, and the injury was not healed. In the name of Tian, at this time, it is not appropriate to strongly remonstrate, arouse people's urgency, provide for the aged and save the orphans, and repair the sum of Shu Ren, while Ah Yi prospers and his brother is punished! What is the pulse of sin?
Yangzi's "Fa Yan" said: or asked:? Meng Tianzhong was punished, but Xi Zhong could also say:? This mountain, this valley, this Lintao and this Liaohe lack strength and body, and lack loyalty. ?
Cao Cao:? Yesterday, I went to see Zhao, who wanted to be with him. Le Yi fell down and wept bitterly, saying? I am the king of Zhao, and I am the king; If I commit a crime, I will be put in another country, and then I will die. I can't bear to ask Zhao's followers, but Kuang is the heir! ? When Hu Hai killed Montaigne, he said: Since my ancestors and descendants, I have accumulated trust in Qin Sanshi; Today I will have more than 300 thousand soldiers, which is enough to betray. However, those who know how to die and defend their righteousness dare not humiliate their ancestors and forget their teachings. ? Every time I read this kind of duet book, I feel sad and cry. ?
Sima Zhen:? Meng Jiang, a direct teacher in Zhongxian County. The Great Wall of Wan Li was first built, and Wan Li is beside it. Zhao Gao corrected, and Fu Su died. What is the crime of the Jedi? This is hard work. I want to sue heaven, three generations are good. ?
Su Shi:? Meng Tian will send 300,000 men to the north, with Fu Su in charge of his army and Meng Yi as a counselor. Although there are big traitors, how dare you provoke them? Unfortunately, due to illness, there are still people praying for the mountains and rivers in the temple, and Meng Yi was sent, and Gao and Si followed their plan. ?
Sima guang:? Qin Shihuang poisoned the world, and Meng Tian made it, so he was ruthless. However, I realized the significance of being a minister. Although I am innocent, I can defend myself to the death. ?
Chen Pu:? Abalone can only reach Xianyang by splitting Taihang Mountain. In the back of the hill, Lingsi repaid his kindness, so Meng Yijiao stumbled. ?
Liu Kezhuang:? Although the desert is big, the Great Wall is also deeply resentful. However, if you know how to hurt your bones, you will lose people's hearts if you don't know it. ?
Meng Tian's anecdotes and allusions.
In 223 BC, Meng Tian, the general of the State of Qin, led troops to fight abroad. He regularly wrote battle reports and presented them to Qin Shihuang. At that time, people wrote with bamboo sticks, which was very inconvenient. They dipped in ink several times without writing. One day, while hunting, Meng Tian was inspired when he saw a rabbit's tail dragging blood on the ground.
He immediately cut off some rabbit tail hair, put it on a bamboo tube and tried to write with it. But rabbit hair is shiny and does not absorb ink. Meng Tian tried several times again, but the effect was still not good, so he just let that one go. Rabbit brush? Throw it into the stone pit in front of the door. One day, he happened to see the brush he had thrown away. After picking it up, he found that the wet rabbit hair became whiter.
He dipped the rabbit brush into the ink tray, and the rabbit's tail became very? Be obedient? Writing is very smooth. It turns out that the water in the sinkhole contains calcium. After soaking in alkaline water, the grease of rabbit hair is removed and becomes soft. It is said that this is the origin of the brush.
In fact, the unearthed cultural relics have proved that the writing brush existed long before it was made in Meng Tian.
However, Meng Tian, as an innovator of writing brush making technology, contributed a lot. It is said that Meng Tian's pen is made from the autumn rabbit of Zhongshan Zhao, which produces the best rabbit hair. Three bamboo writing brushes unearthed from the Qin tomb in Yunmeng, Hubei Province, were drilled at the front end of the pen tube, and the nib was inserted into the hole. Another bamboo tube with the same length as the pen tube is made into a pen cover, and the brush is placed in the pen cover, and then glued firmly. In order to take pens conveniently, there is an 8.5 cm long rectangular hole in the middle of the pen cover, and the bamboo tube is coated with black paint and red line. It can be seen that the production of this Qin pen adopts a complete production process, which is quite similar to the modern pen and its production method, and has made great progress compared with the Chu pen in the Warring States period.
According to legend, Meng Tian used to take wool to make pens in Shanlian village, and was regarded as the originator of pen making in the local area. It is also said that Meng Tian's wife Bu Xianglian is from Shanlian Xibao, and she is also proficient in pen-making skills. Pen goddess? . Meng Tian and his wife taught the villagers pen-making techniques. In memory of them, local pen makers built a Meng Gong Temple in the west of the village. The river around the village was renamed Meng Xi, and Meng Xi became another name for Shanlian.
According to legend, the birthdays of Meng Tian and Bu Xianglian are March 16 and September 16 of the lunar calendar respectively, and the villagers will hold a grand temple fair to worship the gods in memory of their pen ancestors. Therefore, although Meng Tian can't get the patent right of writing brush, his pen is better than his predecessors, and he has made contributions to the reform of writing brush.
There are some records in history about Meng Tian saying that he made pens. "Taiping Yulan" quoted "Natural History" as saying: Meng Tian makes pens. ? Cui Bao also said in Notes on Ancient and Modern Times:? It was built by Meng Tian in the second year of Qin Bi. Take dead wood as the tube, deer hair as the column and wool as the quilt. The so-called Cang Xie is not a rabbit's bamboo tube. ? But in fact, the unearthed cultural relics have proved that the writing brush existed long before Meng Tian made it. It means that Meng Tian, as an innovator of brush-making technology, has made great contributions. Xu Shen's Shuo Wen Jie Zi in the Eastern Han Dynasty said: Qin refers to the pen, Chu refers to Yu, Wu refers to the wrong, and Yan refers to the Buddha. ? Not in pre-Qin books? Pen? So, what else? Hey? Chinese characters appeared as early as the Shang Dynasty, but Qin Shihuang only unified the name of the pen, which shows that the pen existed before the Qin Dynasty. Zhao Yi, a great scholar in Qing Dynasty, wrote it in A Corpus? Writing doesn't start in Meng Tian? The article writes:? The pen didn't start in Montaigne. It is still created by the field, which is better than the predecessors, so it is good for its name. ? In the Tang Dynasty, Han Yu's Biography of Mao Ying personified characters with a pen, which also mentioned that Meng Tian conquered Zhongshan and captured Mao Ying, and was favored by Qin Shihuang. Guanchengzi? . Later generations? Mao Ying? 、? Guanchengzi? It is synonymous with pen. In addition, what are the aliases for writing brushes? Hairy awl? 、? Zhongshujun? 、? Ron Xu You? 、? Sharp slave? Wait a minute.
Legend of Zheng making
Ying Shao's "Custom Pass" in the Han Dynasty records:? As long as it is built according to the book of rites and music, (Zheng) five strings. Today, Zheng in the two countries looks like a harp, which is very cool, and I don't know who changed it. Or made in Montaigne. ? According to this passage, later generations have the following statement:? The five strings of guzheng are applied to bamboo. Qin was changed to twelve strings, which looked like a harp, making it easy to use bamboo and wood. After the Tang Dynasty, thirteen strings were added. ?
Fu Xuan of the Western Jin Dynasty refuted this statement. See the preface of Fuzheng. Zheng thought Meng Tian did it. Now, we can see its musical instruments: the upper circle is like the sky, the lower is as flat as the ground, the hollow is like six in one, and the string column is twelve, like twelve. If set, there will be four images, and if set, five sounds will be made. Body posture, sadness and joy are the tools of benevolence and wisdom. Can the minister of national subjugation think skillfully, or think that Meng Tian made it, don't you? ?
Meng Tian is a general of Qin, Fu Xuanyong? A minister of national subjugation can't make musical instruments? The argument of yin and yang and five elements seems to be somewhat reluctant. Old Tang book? Le Ji also said that the Zheng was not made by Montaigne: Legend has it that Yunmengtian made the piano, which is not true. The system is the same, and there are fewer strings. ? In China, the first biographical history, Historical Records? There is no record of Meng Tian making friends with A Zheng in Biography of Meng Tian. However, Customs Tong only said in a questioning tone that Meng Tian made a guzheng. If a musical instrument appears in historical books, it should have been circulated for some time. It is likely that historians recorded the creation of this instrument as the work of a leader at that time, or that Meng Tian changed the piano into a Zheng to adapt to his military life.
Fine tuning Qin Dao
Meng Tian defeated the Huns, turned away the enemy thousands of miles, and led troops to continue to stick to the frontier. What is the basis of Meng Tian? Plug the plug with safety? Using the wall to control cavalry tactics, hundreds of thousands of troops and people were mobilized to build the Great Wall, which connected the protective walls in the northern part of Qin, Zhao and Yan countries during the Warring States period and renovated and strengthened them.
The Great Wall of Wan Li, stretching for more than 5,000 kilometers from Lintao in the west to Liaodong in the east, was built to resist the invasion of nomadic tarquin people to the northern agricultural areas. The Great Wall of Wan Li stretches for thousands of miles, leaving a huge cultural treasure for future generations, and Montaigne played a major role in this feat. In fact, Sima Qian's evaluation of Meng Tian's construction of the Great Wall in Historical Records is one-sided. He only saw the labor of the people, but did not see the significance of the construction of the Great Wall to the long-term stability of the Central Plains. Secondly, Meng Tian is just the Great Wall connecting Qin, Zhao and Yan countries, and the engineering quantity is far less than Sima Qian's imagination. Finally, Meng Tian and his son Fu Su wrote to Qin Shihuang many times, demanding that the corvee be reduced. At the same time, they discussed with Fu Su how to arrange manpower reasonably to reduce the corvee.
At the same time, Meng Tian set up 44 counties along the Hetao area of the Yellow River, belonging to Jiuyuan County. A set of administrative organs for border control has also been established. In 2 1 1 year BC, more than 30,000 criminals were sent to Zhao He, Yuzhong and other places to cultivate, develop the economy and strengthen the military reserve. These measures have played a positive role in strengthening border defense.