Liao Shicheng (1892- 1970) is an educator. Jiading, Jiangsu (now Jiading, Shanghai) people. China is a famous psychologist and educator in modern times. 19 19 after returning from Brown University in the United States, he taught in Nanjing Normal University and Dongda High School, Shanghai Guanghua University, Guanghua High School, National Normal University, East China Normal University, Shanghai No.1 Normal University and Shanghai Normal University successively, and served as director, vice president, vice president and dean.
Chinese name: Liao Shicheng.
Alias: Maoru
Nationality: China.
Place of birth: Jiading District, Shanghai
Date of birth: 1892
Date of death: 1970
Occupation: psychologist
Graduate school: Nanyang Public School of Brown University.
Representative works: intelligence test, educational psychology.
outline
Liao Shicheng 19 15 graduated from Tsinghua University and studied in the United States. 19 19 received a doctorate and doctorate in educational psychology from Brown University.
1909 entered Nanyang Public College, 19 12 went to Tsinghua University for further study, 19 15 went to Brown University in the United States after graduation, majoring in pedagogy and psychology, and obtained master's and doctoral degrees. While studying in the United States, he won the honor of Manning Scholarship, was promoted to honorary member of the National Science Association of the United States, and was awarded the honor of SigmaXiKeg.
After returning to China, he served as a professor of education at Nanjing Normal University and National Southeast University. He was a famous expert in secondary education at that time. He devoted himself to educational science experiments, participated in the establishment of one of the earliest psychological laboratories in China-the psychology laboratory of Nanjing Normal University, and conducted psychological experiments with Chen Heqin. On the basis of experiments, he compiled a book "Intelligence Test Method" and listed 35 experimental methods.
Liao Shicheng, Meng Xiancheng, Yu Ziyi, Xu and Cheng Qibao are all famous teachers hired by Guo Bingwen and Tao Xingzhi in the reform of science pedagogy advocated by Nanjing Normal University.
The middle school attached to South Normal University is to be established in 19 17, the first hospital in 19 19, and the second hospital in 192 1. He is a leader of the education department. When he was affiliated with Southeast University, he invested a lot. Liao Shicheng became the director, acquired first-class equipment and hired first-class teachers, which is rare in similar schools. Luo Jialun, Zhang Qiyun, Hu Huanyong, Lei Zonghai, Shu Xincheng and Zou Bingwen. He once taught in the middle school attached to Dongda University and trained a large number of talents, such as Liu Xiao, Ba Jin (), Hu Feng (), Qu Bochuan, Zhou Hongjing, Zhou Tongqing, Yu Chuantao and so on.
main work
Intelligence test method
educational psychology
Experimental report on Dalton system in middle school affiliated to Southeast University
Test Summary (co-edited)
From 65438 to 0924, Liao Shicheng edited and published Educational Psychology, which was the earliest textbook of this subject in China. In the same year, on the basis of the experiment, I wrote the Experimental Report of Dalton System in the Middle School Attached to Southeast University, compared the advantages and disadvantages of Dalton System with the class teaching system, and reached the conclusion that Dalton System is difficult to implement according to the specific situation of our country.
1925, The Test Summary, edited by Liao Shicheng and Chen Heqin, played a certain role in promoting educational test and psychological test, and it was the simplest book to test. Liao Shicheng developed the primary and secondary school test, which was only used by individuals at that time, into a group test, and enriched the content of the test, which was called "Liao's group test".
Important experience
Liao Shicheng returned to China in the 8th year of the Republic of China, served as professor and director of high school affiliated to nanjing normal university (changed to National Southeast University in the 9th year of the Republic of China), and co-edited and published the book Intelligence Test Methods with Chen Heqin, which is the earliest monograph on intelligence test in China. Later, he compiled Educational Psychology and Middle School Education, which became the first two teaching materials for normal colleges and secondary schools in China.
During this period, Liao Shicheng actively participated in the educational reform movement with the reform of academic system and curriculum as the main content, and advocated the implementation of the "six-three-three system" in primary and secondary schools across the country. 1 1 year, Liao Shicheng drafted this new academic system, which was approved by the government. Since then, the "74" system in primary and secondary schools has been changed to the "633" system, which has been used ever since.
/kloc-in 0/6, Liao Shicheng came to Shanghai as the vice president and director of the middle school affiliated to Guanghua University (the predecessor of East China Normal University, the original site is now located in Yan 'an West Road). In Guanghua 10, Liao made a comprehensive and systematic study on the history and present situation of secondary education based on the attached middle school and facing the whole secondary education.
After the August 13th Incident in the 26th year of the Republic of China (1938), Liao Shicheng came to Lantian Town, Anhua County, Hunan Province to establish the National Teachers College. After War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's victory, he returned to Shanghai and successively served as vice president, director and principal of the middle school affiliated to Guanghua University. 195 1 year, Guanghua University and Daxia University merged to form East China Normal University, with Liao Shicheng as vice president.
1956 to 1970 Liao Shicheng is the president of the First Normal University and the president of Shanghai Normal University. He was elected as the deputy of the second and third National People's Congress and the Municipal People's Congress, the standing committee of the third and fourth CPPCC, the first deputy director of NLD Municipal Committee and the president of Shanghai Education Association.
educational practice
During his tenure as president of the National Teachers College, Liao Shicheng made a serious study of China's normal education, and wrote such long articles as Normal Education during the Anti-Japanese War and the Establishment of People's Republic of China (PRC), Mission of Normal College, and China's Normal Education in the Decade of the Anti-Japanese War.
In more than 50 years' educational practice, Liao Shicheng made a systematic investigation on the occurrence and development history of normal education in China, and put forward some systematic suggestions on how to run normal education well.
Liao Shicheng clearly pointed out: "The most important thing in education is of course normal education. Without good teachers, education at all levels will not be on the right track. "
Establish a college
In 1930s, the invasion of Japanese invaders brought unprecedented crisis to the Chinese nation. The defeat on the battlefield exposed the low quality of basic education in China, and the government and educational circles had a * * * understanding of the development of higher normal education.
With profound academic background, outstanding achievements and enthusiasm for education, Liao Shicheng was appointed as the chairman of the Preparatory Committee of the National Teachers College, and later as the dean, and founded the National Teachers College under difficult conditions.
Liao Shicheng is a famous educator in modern China. When he was the principal, he led the teachers and students of National Normal University to start social education, which greatly promoted the development of culture, health and production and the improvement of people's education level.
Social education is an all-round effort of national normal university in intelligence, manpower and financial resources, which highlights the central position of national normal university in promoting local cultural education. Liao Shicheng's social education thought is the driving force for the development of social education in national normal university.
Principles of running a school
First, teacher education should be based on the principle of self-setting, and the advantages of being affiliated with universities are less than disadvantages, and it is even more inappropriate to cancel higher normal education.
Second, make clear the mission of normal universities. Liao Shicheng said that the mission of normal universities is to establish universal educational beliefs, cultivate sympathy and pure love, carry out specialized vocational training, conduct academic training, advocate experiments and guide social education.
Third, teacher training should be strict. It is necessary to train students in strict accordance with the requirements, so that they "should not only have good knowledge and methods, but also have professional ethics-the virtues of responsibility, patience, kindness, sincerity, frankness, optimism, modesty and justice."
Fourth, we should have good teachers. He believes that "an ideal professor in a normal college should be knowledgeable, rich in teaching experience and full of enthusiasm for education."
This ideal is difficult to realize, but only existing teachers, that is, knowledgeable researchers can teach senior classes; With considerable professional knowledge and rich teaching experience, those who are familiar with various subjects in middle schools can serve as internship instructors; Those with strong teaching ability and caution can teach tools or elementary classes. "In this way," students have the foundation of tool education, and also have the mastery of professional knowledge. With excellent internship guidance, they will become teachers and there will be no danger of being overwhelmed. "
Fifth, the combination of educational theory and practical education. Normal universities should be the center of experiment and education guidance. Only in this way, the status of normal colleges in education will naturally improve, no one dares to ignore the professional training of education, and academics will be popularized.
Since 195 1, Liao Shicheng has successively served as vice president of East China Normal University, dean of Shanghai First Normal University (later merged with Shanghai Second Normal University to form Shanghai Normal University) and dean of Shanghai Normal University (now Shanghai Normal University), making great contributions to the development of higher normal education in new China.