1960, Creed, a psychoacoustics expert at MIT, published an article entitled "Man-Machine Symbiosis", which almost surprised social psychologists and labor experts. He called computers "partners" of human beings, and forcefully declared: "We hope that in the near future, human brains and computers can work closely together. This article is considered as the "most imaginative and original thinking" of that era, and it first put forward the proposition of "man-machine" relationship. You know, his author didn't know what computers looked like four years ago, but he was still stubbornly studying what man-machine relationship was seven years ago.
Ivan sutherland's article demonstrating the doctrine of neutrality also attracted the attention of Jack Reiner, the new director of the Advanced Research Projects Agency of the Ministry of National Defense. He realized that Quaidi's theory of "man-machine" was unusual. 1962, he dug Li kezhi, set up the information processing technology department (), and Li kezhi was the first director, and transferred a Q-32 computer to Li kezhi to learn. This is the beginning of the later "ARPANET".
From 65438 to 0962, Li attended an advanced seminar on computer graphics processing. On the day before the end of the conference, a young doctoral student at MIT submitted a paper and delivered a speech. This is ivan sutherland. The chairman of the meeting invited him to speak at the meeting the next day. Ivan Sutherland showed an invention to the participants with slides, saying it was part of his blog post. He drew a picture on the computer screen with a light pen and then stored it in the computer as a file. He took out these documents when needed. After opening the file, he can zoom in and out of the original picture at will, from small to large (of course, only a small part can be displayed on the monitor). Ivan Sutherland called this invention a "drawing board". As soon as Ivan Sutherland's presentation was over, all the participants were shocked and realized that this young doctoral student had done an extraordinary pioneering work.
The most exciting thing is the establishment of Creed. Ivan Sutherland's "sketchpad" is a new information processing method he proposed two years ago. Not data processing, but graphics processing. In this way, the relationship between man and computer is really established in the form of graphics, which is later called "interface".
After listening to Ivan Sutherland's report, Li Credo couldn't sit still. He immediately found the alumnus and asked him to work for the Advanced Research Projects Agency. 1964, Lee Quiddie left, and Ivan Sutherland, then 26, was the director of the information department. In the same year, Ivan Sutherland invited bob taylor, a young psychologist recommended by Creed, to be his deputy. From 65438 to 0966, Ivan Sutherland resigned, Taylor became the third director, and ARPANET made great strides in his hands.
Achievements of the Father of Computer Graphics
From 65438 to 0988, Ivan Edward Zelante, who enjoys the reputation of "the father of computer graphics", became the winner of the Turing Award that year. In addition to the Turing Award, he was the first Zvory gold medal winner of the American Academy of Engineering. 65438-0975, awarded the "Outstanding Achievement Award" by the Society of Systems, Management and Cybernetics. 1986 IEEE awarded him the Piol prize; ACM awarded him not only Turing Award, but also 1994 Software System Award. As early as 1983, when the award named after cowans, the pioneer of computer graphics, was established, the first cowans Prize was awarded to Su Zelante ... These numerous honors fully show that Su Zelante has made outstanding contributions in computer graphics, computer architecture and logic circuits.
Like other masters in the computer industry, Sue Zelante has been interested in computers for a long time. As early as 1950s, shortly after the advent of computers, middle school student Su Zelante was deeply attracted by this mysterious and desirable machine. Then, relying on his enthusiastic interest in computers, he designed and assembled some computing devices that worked with relays, thus accumulating the most basic computer knowledge and perceptual knowledge.
What really made Sue Zelante stand out in the field of computer graphics was when she was studying for a doctorate at MIT. With the solid professional foundation laid by Carnegie Mellon University and California Institute of Technology, which have high levels of electrical engineering and computer science, and the practical experience of working in IBM during the holiday, Sue Zelante worked hard and completed the arduous and complicated task of developing a three-dimensional interactive graphics system on TX2 computer (when the 2-D graphics system came out) in three years, which is the famous sketchpad system. The success of Sketchpad eventually became the basis for Su Zelante to become the "father of computer graphics", which played a significant role in promoting the development of important applications such as computer simulation, flight simulator, CAD/CAM, and electronic game machines.
Interestingly, in order to fully demonstrate the functions and characteristics of the sketchpad system in thesis defense and get the best results, Su Zelante, a diligent and rigorous scholar who usually seems to know only about his work, made a film called Sketchpad: Man-Machine Graphical Communication System. When defending his doctoral thesis, he talked with Kan Kan and cooperated with the film to explain the drawing board. His special way and excellent performance deeply impressed and conquered the defense Committee composed of famous scholars such as Shannon, the founder of information theory, and Minsky, known as the "father of artificial intelligence". Finally, his doctoral thesis was well-deserved rated as "excellent" and the film was widely circulated.
Later, Su Zelante, who was only 26 years old, was appointed as the director of IPTO (Information Processing Technology Office) of DARPA, the Advanced Research Projects Agency of the Ministry of National Defense, in charge of high-tech projects, and organized and implemented many major projects such as ARPANET, the predecessor of the Internet. This work experience seems to deviate from his main direction, but it not only gives him the opportunity to exercise his leadership ability, but also has the opportunity to deal with the most important enterprises and research institutions in the United States and meet many famous people, which has a far-reaching impact on his future career.
After leaving DARPA, Sue Zelante continued to study computer graphics at Harvard University and developed some useful graphics tools. 1967, at the invitation of David Evans, a famous scholar who is also interested in computer graphics, he transferred from Harvard University to the University of Utah, and built the computer department of the University of Utah into a computer graphics research center with fruitful results and talented people. The famous early game software "Pong" was developed in 1972 by nolan bushnell, a student of Su Zelante, the famous founder of atari.
1968 Sue Zelante and Evans jointly organized Evans &; Sutherland company, its main products are flight trainers and CAD tools. The company's products and "Evans &" Sutherland Newsletter have won a high reputation for the company. 1980, when Sue Zelante was in DARPA, one of his superior sons co-founded Sutherland, Sproull &; Associates is mainly engaged in product development and marketing of computer graphics. Here, in addition to graphics, he also studies computer architecture, logic circuits and so on.
Just as Su Zelante was not a bookworm who only knew about teaching and research when he made excellent films and vividly explained them for the sketchpad, he also showed outstanding wisdom and talent in the commercialization and promotion of technology and research results in addition to pure technology. Perhaps it is these that make him so colorful and fruitful in the fields involved.