So for the same goal and belief, we joined the social practice activities in winter vacation.
I thought for a long time about what social practice to do, and finally I went to their factory to do this practical activity-XXXX Textile Co., Ltd. During my two-day visit to Xx Garment Factory, I got a general understanding of the garment industry. As a member of the manufacturing industry, the clothing industry concentrates on the general characteristics of the manufacturing industry: product-centered organization and operation, but also has the production and operation mode of labor-intensive industries: the labor of workers is the source of value. Besides, Shengjia's production is OEM, foreign businessmen come to sample, and enterprises produce according to the sample version. So, I learned some international trade here.
Xx's workshop gives people a comfortable feeling: spacious and bright, with a certain interval between each production area and each equipment, and equipped with "simple air conditioning" (a cooling device, even in midsummer, the room temperature is kept at more than 20 degrees). This is to meet the requirements of foreign businessmen-to protect the basic rights and interests of workers.
As a clothing enterprise, sewing machine is the most necessary and important equipment. After understanding, we know that sewing machines are divided into three categories, including sewing machines, sewing machines and special machines, and each category contains 150 machines. Sewing machines are mainly configured according to different clothes styles and customer requirements. Now there are about 300 sewing machines of different models in the production workshop. On the other side is the auxiliary workshop, which mainly carries out auxiliary processes such as cloth inspection, cutting, thread cutting, ironing and packaging (branding and hanging trademark cards). The equipment used here includes pre-shrinking machine (shrinking the cloth in advance to prevent it from shrinking in future use), cloth inspection machine, electric scissors, ironing equipment, and needle inspection machine (detecting needles left on clothes to prevent users from stabbing clothes).
The production and operation process of this factory is circular, starting from the auxiliary workshop in the east of the factory, then moving to the production workshop in the west, and finally returning to the auxiliary workshop in the east for the final process. Of course, this is only under normal circumstances. Generally speaking, due to the particularity of clothing production, its variety is diverse, unstable and complex, which often leads to the intersection of processes in this ring, and sometimes it needs to cooperate with resources and processes outside the factory.
, shipped to the outside for processing and then shipped back to production. It can be seen that the factory produces in a mixed organization mode.
Introduce the production process in detail. First; Take orders. Then; The designer of the clothing factory will make computer typesetting according to the clothing samples brought by customers (consider how to make clothing samples with the least amount of materials); According to the method conclusions obtained in trial production, make process technical drawings; And negotiate with customers to modify. When the customer is satisfied; The process technical drawings will be finalized and shall not be changed. It has become the "sacred book" and "imperial decree" of the factory. Then purchase materials as required, ranging from cloth to accessories (such as nailing buttons). Check the cloth after it arrives. This is called "pre-Q". Then, the qualified cloth is sent to the cutting room and cut into different parts of the clothes with electric scissors according to the pattern of the clothes. Then, during the "inspection" of these "pieces", we have to go through "Q" several times. After the production is completed, we will go to the whole department, that is, cutting, ironing and wrapping. After Q, we will go into the warehouse and wait for the customer to send someone to the factory for the final inspection. If the inspection is qualified, we can sign the release form, transport and deliver it.
In all processes, process design is the most core and demanding part of the whole factory, and the three are independent, interrelated and implicated. The relationship between qc quality inspection and workshop production is more manifested in that qc is needed at every stage in the workshop production process. The factory has invested a lot of energy in qc, and has high requirements for quality, which can be seen from its competitive strategy. Product quality comes first. This is very realistic and feasible. As an OEM, the factory doesn't have to worry about the supply chain (the clothing industry is mature and the supply is sufficient), inventory management (the inventory is not large during the visit), product sales and other issues, so he has a lot of energy to invest in qc. As long as the quality is the best within the scope of cost, he doesn't need to worry about other problems.
According to the survey, the production and operation of Xx belongs to a small assembly line. Production workers are divided into eight groups, each group is supervised by a master, and the whole group is divided into different groups. The part that needs to be sewn flat is completed by the locksmith, the part that needs to be mended is completed by the sewing worker, and the special worker that needs to sew special thread is completed. Because the requirements of each garment are different, you can make the flat seam part first, or you can make other parts first There is great flexibility in the arrangement of the three major types of work.
Usually, after a sewing process is completed, there will be a qc, which will go directly to the next process after passing the inspection. The time required for each process mainly depends on the change of clothes style. As far as the production steps are concerned, the simplest minute and the most complicated hour may not be completed. Usually it takes half a year for a batch of goods to be placed by customers. The reason why the small process technology is adopted is mainly determined by the fashion style and the objective situation of the factory.
The fashion process is short, the delivery time is short, there are many varieties, the structure is complex and uncertain, and there are few factories, so it is impossible to complete it in large quantities and with large flow, so small flow is more suitable.
The main problem of this factory is: (1) manpower shortage. Shengjia's ideal state (to achieve maximum productivity) should be equipped with 500 sewing machines, but now it is less than 3 million because of the shortage of manpower. The production capacity of this factory is 80 thousand pieces per month, but it is understood that the total output of mature factories of the same scale should be at least 6.5438+0.2 million pieces, so the shortage of workers' land is unfavorable to this factory. We should also train sewing workers in factories to improve their skills. We must recruit a large number of students with professional skills from professional and technical schools so that workers can learn from each other and give full play to their professional skills. (2) Scheduling problem is the mrp problem mentioned in the book. Sometimes there is an imbalance between leisure and busyness in this factory: some jobs have to work overtime, while others have nothing to do. On the day of the visit, the ironing workers didn't go to work, but rushed to deliver the goods last night. So there is no work today. There is something wrong with the factory's production scheduling, and the connection between processes is not smooth, which wastes resources and causes idleness. (3) Quality control leads to the increase of evaluation cost. Solution: Cultivate employees' "quality-oriented" thinking, so that employees can consciously find and prevent quality problems in the production process, never let go of any found quality problems, and prevent problematic clothes from entering the next production process to remedy the problems in time.
In the short seven-day practice, although I am very tired and devoted, I am more gratified because I feel my growth. With practical actions, we won the praise of all employees and leaders in the factory, and learned more practical problems through going to the grassroots level, and established a correct concept of success. This personal experience made me feel more deeply. This is not only a practice, but also a life experience, which is a valuable asset in my life.
In short, the social practice of this winter vacation is rich and meaningful, and some experiences are exciting, but it can never be described as exciting, because it is a real gain and a feeling of "experience first" ...