1. Question: Is it required that children's paintings look alike?
Answer: It is based on the characteristics of children's psychological cognition and physiological stage.
How to explain this problem? That is to say, as a child, I already have a lot of ideas at this time, but I can't draw, especially in small classes (3.5-6 years old). There are many reasons why they can't draw. Take out one and analyze it first. The simple understanding is that painting skills (hand kung fu/basic skills) can't be achieved. At this time, we may have to emphasize techniques, and one of the most direct ways to emphasize techniques may be to "draw what image" (note that in order to facilitate understanding, we will study this point as a case first. Admittedly, this old problem really bothers many people. In response to "Is it necessary for children to draw?" There are basically two views in the market. One is to be like, because that's how teachers used to teach painting. When the teacher draws a cat on the blackboard, we must draw it like a cat. The other view is completely opposite. Children can draw whatever they want, pay attention to subjective expression and feelings of beauty, and release emotions. It doesn't matter what they draw. In fact, Yang Shuai believes that these two views are both correct, but in the corresponding ideological structure and psychological cognition, he draws the conclusion that guiding children's painting is based on the characteristics of children's psychological growth and physiological stage. For example, when a child draws a figure around the age of four, it is likely to present a "tadpole man", then this picture is in line with children. If children are very required to draw this picture, even if it is scale and characteristics. The younger children pay more attention to the cultivation of comprehensive qualities such as perception of beauty, graffiti and divergent thinking. On the basis of respecting children's divergent thinking, older children begin to pay more attention to methods and skills. Children's art teaching is not exactly the same as adult art teaching. As teachers or parents, when we look at children's paintings, we don't have to look at them with the eyes of adults, but we should return to the same mentality and look at them with our hearts. In this way, we can avoid many standards that we adults understand, as the little prince said: "This is a secret of mine, and it is a simple secret. Only by looking with your heart can you see the truth. The truth of the matter is invisible only with the eyes. " Who is the little prince? He's just a kid. Thought of here, he suddenly enlightened.
Second, the question: Is it right or wrong for children to draw stick figures?
Answer: thinking is fixed and rigid.
Once, in an audition class for eight children, I told the children that you should draw a picture according to your own ideas first, and then the teacher will guide you. The final result is very shocking. All the pictures are surprisingly consistent. All eight paintings have the sun, and the sun comes out in a semicircle from the upper right corner or the upper left corner of the painting, giving off a series of lights, even with the same angle, size, shape and color. When a fixed pattern is adopted, the concept becomes a matter of course for children to draw, which is actually worrying. There are many models like this. For example, every painting is blue sky, white clouds and grassland. I remember it very clearly. I asked my children at that time, can schools in Beijing see blue sky and white clouds? They said they couldn't see it. Since you can't see it, why do you want to draw blue sky, white clouds and grassland? The child replied: the child painted like this, and so did I. At that time, I suddenly realized that there was a problem, but I couldn't tell the child directly that the child was still young and the criteria for judging had not yet been fully formed. If I hint that there is something wrong with this painting, then the children will think, is there something wrong with my previous painting? Children will question their own judgment, which will hurt their confidence to some extent. Of course, the reason for the formation of this mindset and stereotype is related to the teaching of stick figure in early art education in China. Recently, many people scoff at the stick figure. In fact, Yang Shuai thinks that there is no difference between good and bad stick figures. When children can't draw anything at first and can't find a better teaching idea, teaching stick figure has positive factors for children to understand painting, and the presentation of the drawn results will affect children's self-confidence. However, the stick figure drawing is always repeated, so the negative factors may be greater than the positive factors in the long run, because through constant repetition, children's thoughts will be "fixed" in the form of stick figure, which means that the form of stick figure has advantages and disadvantages. Once the ideas below the form are blocked, it will be really "terrible". To make an inappropriate analogy, our art education will be unconsciously unified through the machine of stick figure. At this point, our parents should deeply feel that our teachers should think again and again, and children's painting thinking should be diversified and open, not fixed and filled.
3. Question: What kind of painting is a good one for children?
Answer: The picture major and emotional language spiral forward.
If you use the word good or bad to describe children's paintings, you have fallen into a narrow sense, because painting itself is art, and the standards of art are inherently diverse. In addition, children's painting belongs to the category of quality education. If we want to quantify the quality standards of children's paintings, it means to formulate quality education standards. Think about how hard it is. Let's think about this. Some parents may ask questions. For example, some children draw very well. After careful consideration of parents' words, we can infer the following reasons: children's colors are bright (beautiful), children's modeling paintings are accurate (as if), children's paintings are neat (so clean), and children's painting lines are so smooth (so skilled). We think about these, they are isolated points. These points unconsciously become the criteria for parents (adults), because adults can easily understand pictures with professional ideas. Few parents boast that a picture is messy, few parents ask for a dirty picture, and few parents boast that a picture is gray. Why? Because parents use adult aesthetic standards to think that chaos, dirt and gray are not beautiful, and our parents further think that if children doodle to express that a tornado has swept the earth, then the dirty painting is actually like an intuitive expression of a garbage dump, and the picture is full of gray. The child is unhappy in kindergarten today. What should I do if I think the world is full of gray feelings? We will suddenly find that, oh, yes, we measure children according to our own understanding. Romain rolland said, "The great significance of art basically lies in its ability to express people's true feelings, the mystery of inner life and the passionate world." Lev tolstoy once said, "Art is not a skill, but an expression of feelings experienced by artists". This is not to say that skills are not important, but that emotions can be better released and controlled on the basis of respecting children's mastery of skills, solid professionalism and solid internal strength. The more sincere the emotional communication, the higher the voice of * * *, the stronger the required skills and majors, and the sustained and benign development. Children's painting will form a "spiral progression".
Question: What do you need to draw a good picture?
A: Knowledge transfer and life since enlightenment help each other.
Long-term teaching positions in the front line show that today's children are extremely smart and have a wide range of knowledge. In addition, there are more and more extracurricular classes for children. English, piano and art are basically compulsory courses, because they train the three most critical parts of people: mouth, ears and eyes. Besides these three, many children also learn roller skating, Taekwondo, Go, violin, clay sculpture, ice hockey and so on. It is not difficult to imagine that children's knowledge should be many times richer than their parents' (or teachers') childhood. Sometimes I think that when these children with high knowledge and high quality become the backbone of China society in the future, we need our children to understand, feel and practice beauty in the study of children's art, how gentle and wise our country will be, and we should be aware of the shortcomings while being full of hope. Although children have a high amount of knowledge, they lack more experience, such as "frustration", real viability, adversity quotient's ability to face difficulties and so on. What children learn through painting and art is not only a painting, a knowledge point, but also the core of universal values such as love and beauty. Of course, it can also be understood as personality education in a narrow sense, just like the mother said to Cinderella before she died in the movie Cinderella: "Strong, brave, kind and kind". This is also the ultimate artistic reflection that our teachers need to tell their children when guiding their children to draw, or when parents are watching their children's paintings. In order to illustrate its importance more intuitively, let's review our growth to illustrate this problem. Take Yang Shuai, for example. I am a post-80s children's art teacher. I have two daughters, and I am also a parent. Because of my career, I have contacted a large number of parents, and found that most of the parents of children are born after 70 s and 80 s, and most of our parents born after 70 s and 80 s are born after 50 s. Our parents have rich experience, incomplete formal education and lack of knowledge structure system because of the background of the times and various reasons. After 80s, we grew up smoothly, our knowledge structure was seamless, and we received a complete education. Although most of them are only children, due to the indoctrination of the older generation who suffered a lot, in the process of social revolution, our eyes and thoughts began to experience profound and mature. But now our children, who have experienced the rich and solid material foundation and doting of their parents, seem to be missing something. Perhaps what is lacking is those experiences, those setbacks, those entanglements, confusions and even repetitions, which can also be understood as those "pains". And these are not entirely given by knowledge. Parents watching children's paintings or teachers guiding children to paint are not only art itself, but also an extension of beauty, which is a profound accumulation of beauty in life. On the basis of mastering knowledge, it may be more in line with a good painting to reproduce the truth of life with art. Knowledge transmission and life since enlightenment help each other.
Question: How can I draw a good picture?
A: Knowledge and expertise based on natural nature.
Mothers often ask, what kind of painting is better for our children to learn? Chinese painting? Oil painting? Fingerprints? Picture book? Change your mind and draw? Even my mother asked when I could learn to sketch. Sketch? Gypsum still life, etc. The famous painter Delacroix mentioned in On Art and Artists: "Many artists fail only because they only accept one painting method and accuse other painting methods. They must study all painting methods and do fair research. Only in this way can they keep their uniqueness, because you won't follow an artist, you have to be a student of everyone, but at the same time you have to be a student of everyone, and you have to learn everything you have learned. For example, Picasso, a famous artist, is always innovating, dabbling, changing, learning (including learning from the East) and so on, and studying in other fields besides painting. In our minds, the ultimate style of a master is based on a wide range of learning meanings. When the teacher instructs the children to draw, our parents should first let the children have a broad thinking, a broad structure, and even jump out of the thinking of art subjects when understanding their own paintings. Similarly, for teachers and parents, this kind of thinking is also true. Learning painting doesn't necessarily require children to become painters (artists) in the future, but more parents let their children learn painting for their children to have a hobby and understand aesthetics, imagination and artistic temperament, which also makes teachers think more about the significance and direction of children's art teaching, and design a scientific teaching system and decompose reasonable teaching materials and courseware on this basis. Teaching that truly respects children is a whole ecosystem. An excellent teacher, while guiding children to learn an art class well, should pay more attention to the operation of the whole system, stand in the macro structure, implement the micro, and improve the macro in the micro verification. In this way, the children's art teaching ecology forms a benign positive cycle that conforms to their nature. To sum up: guide children to paint, and the younger children should dabble in various painting methods. They should read widely and not be influenced by fixed thinking and conceptual style. They should not "teach" for the sake of "teaching", and should not "learn" for the sake of "learning", so that children can choose and create naturally. Parents and teachers only give multiple-choice questions, not fixed answers. In Emile, we are familiar with Rousseau's view of natural education and respect for the free development of human body and mind, which also provides a basis for our education or teaching. Therefore, our parents or teachers only give children the opportunity to make their favorite painting methods in the future, and give them the opportunity to follow nature and choose from the heart. Of course, it is not limited to painting, and any choice of hobbies will lead to the same goal.
6. Question: What do children draw for?
Answer: The ultimate goal is to give children a confident childhood.
Every child is as innocent as an elf. Even if the child is slightly injured, he will follow him all his life. Therefore, as parents, when looking at children's paintings, we should pay attention to language expression, and it is best not to say "What is this painting?" "Why not at all?" "I feel that the painting has not improved!" Wait, because the picture itself is very important, but it is more important to make children confident through painting. As a teacher, you shouldn't hurt children, whether intentionally or unintentionally. You should be "cautious" when evaluating children's paintings. If you really can't figure it out, you might as well not say it, but also pay attention to the way and occasion of speaking. For example, a child always makes trouble when drawing. It is best to leave him after class, and ask why at this time. If you talk about your child directly in front of other children in class, then his heart will be very sad, which will hurt his confidence and even stubbornly follow you. The more he refuses to do it, the more he does it. Yelling at children in class is also a sign of teachers' incompetence. You must cultivate children's love, patience and childlike innocence. Without these three hearts, no matter how good your art major is, for example. Yang Shuai used to teach children to draw, and once instructed a child to draw butterflies, so she told her about "Becoming a Butterfly", but the child was only 5 years old, and she knew nothing about Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai. Although you want to tell her, you are obviously wrong, why, and you don't understand the child. If you don't understand, you will hurt your child's confidence if you are not careful. Self-confidence is the root of everything. This word is most easily defeated by inferiority, and inferiority is most easily rooted in childhood. Teachers, in particular, sometimes do more harm to children than parents. Parents and children get along day and night. If he is said, he is actually fine, because the child knows his parents, but the teacher is different. Children actually respect and respect teachers. Everything you say should be considered carefully. Yang Shuai got 17 in the exam because he was not good at math in primary school. The teacher asked me to walk around the classroom with a test paper and said that I couldn't write. Some students laughed and some cried. This scene has been planted in childhood and will be reproduced in the future. Although it can be covered up with a high amount of knowledge, various experiences in life, and my own understanding, it has been subconsciously precipitated. This is Freud's famous childhood shadow theory, that is, childhood contusion will affect his life. Therefore, there are many answers to what painting is for. Some are to become a painter, some are to improve their comprehensive quality, some are to use painting as a designer in their later career, some are to become temperamental through art, some are to maintain a hobby all their lives, some are to vent their emotions through painting, some are to maintain their imagination through painting, and some are to understand aesthetics through painting. There are countless answers, but Yang Shuai always thinks that the ultimate goal of painting is to build children's self-confidence.
Question: What influence does painting have on the future?
A: Children's Art and Aesthetic Education Society
19 17, Mr. Cai Yuanpei proposed "aesthetic education instead of religion", saying that we have been exploring after generations of efforts. In the long-term children's art teaching practice, through extensive discussions with parents and contact with children of different ages, we find that when communicating with children, we can jump out of a piece of drawing paper and explain beauty to children from a broader perspective, and beauty will become narrow. This is very helpful for children's divergent thinking and imagination. To explain it more clearly, let's take an example: when a child happily asks our parents to look at the painting with a painting, we can guide them like this: "Son, the composition you learned in this painting is beautiful. Mom thinks it is possible to learn this composition and use it in urban planning in the future. Don't you think a piece of paper is a city? " You draw on paper, just like planning in a city. Maybe you will become a master of urban design in the future, and maybe we will become a global village in the future. You can plan the whole earth and make it more beautiful. We may immigrate to Mars in the future. You can plan a star city. The whole universe is your drawing paper, and each planet is an element in the painting. what do you think? "Similarly, the relationship between points, lines and surfaces learned in the picture may be used in the design of mobile phone circuit boards like Jobs. The color learning of children in the picture may be used in the color art of a Hermes scarf, and the shape learned in the picture may make children have a soft spot for future product design. Isn't the so-called aesthetic education all aesthetic education? It is not limited to art, but also includes literature, music, dance, sculpture and so on, as "aesthetic education replaces religion" says. In this way, painting is infinitely broadened from a painting painted with pigments on paper (beauty in a narrow sense, or art education, cultivating children's aesthetic ability and creative ability in art, etc.). ) (Beauty in a broad sense, or substantive aesthetic education, emphasizes the infiltration of appreciation and creation of beauty into study and life, or all aspects of career), and then cultivates children's understanding, experience, feeling and appreciation of beauty from both narrow and broad dimensions to create innovation. Then our children will grow up in a beautiful, imaginative and loving society. Yang Shuai called that future society an "aesthetic education society", which may be a bit far away, but I believe it can be realized. Mr. Ma Ying once said in his New Year's speech on 20 12: I deeply realize my smallness and brevity, and I just want to face the next century more humbly. In the long river of history, everyone, every generation is a drop in the ocean, a grateful younger generation and a modest student. " I think through the efforts of several generations, the aesthetic education society will eventually be realized.
The above seven aspects are based on painting and psychology, painting and thinking, painting and emotion, painting and life, painting and nature, picture and perfection, painting and aesthetic education in children's art. In fact, each aspect can be independently developed to do more in-depth and detailed research and elaboration. In view of the limited preface, I hope this book is a beginning and can attract more parents and enthusiasts. The continuous enrichment of this book makes our children's aesthetic education ecology perfect day by day. Finally, Yang Shuai quoted a passage from Mr. Yan Changshou's book "Education should be different" to end the preface: "Education is not to fill a pot of water, but to light a candle in every child's heart and make him shine."