The reason for the plunge of the 985 civil engineering professional investment line is how the real estate industry has been depressed since the second half of last year. At the same time, the related majors of some famous schools, such as civil engineering, have been greatly affected this year, and the investment line has dropped sharply.
Huang, a professor in the Department of Hydraulic Engineering at the School of Civil and Transportation, South China University of Technology, and a special expert from the Disaster Reduction Committee of the China Water Conservancy Society, told CBN that in the past two or three years, the popularity of civil engineering has declined, even though the admission scores of professional head colleges have been lowered. There are both short-term reasons and medium-and long-term transformation problems behind this.
The investment line of civil engineering major in prestigious schools has dropped sharply.
The scores of parallel investment in many colleges and universities in 2022 released on July 18 in Henan Province show that Tongji University scored a minimum of 564 points in Henan science investment, ranking 43,252, down 41522 from last year; Jilin University scored a minimum of 530 points in Henan science, ranking 866 14, down 749 15 from last year.
Four days later, the list of disciplines of a group of voluntary colleges in Henan Province showed that the experimental classes of Tongji University (Civil and Environment) and the plans of Jilin University's civil engineering specialty were not fully recorded, and the planned balances were 1 and 8 respectively. In addition, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Northeast Forestry University, Harbin Engineering University and other universities all have planned balances in their civil engineering majors.
Screenshot of Henan Education Examinations Institute website
Compared with last year, not only in Henan, but also in many provinces, the admission rankings of civil engineering majors have declined to varying degrees this year. For example, in Anhui, compared with last year's science and engineering enrollment, Anhui Jianzhu University moved from 58650 to 965 17. This university is characterized by the discipline of civil engineering.
According to expert analysis, this phenomenon reflects that the attraction of the real estate industry to college students' employment is declining.
The civil engineering major of famous schools has broken files and the investment line has dropped.
On July 18, the scores of parallel investment in many colleges and universities in Henan Province in 2022 showed that Tongji University had the lowest investment score of 564, ranking 43,252. Tongji University scored 667 points in Henan last year, and only the former 1730 candidates can be admitted.
On July 22nd, the list of disciplines of a group of voluntary colleges in Henan Province showed that the experimental classes of Tongji University (Civil Engineering and Environment) and the plans of Jilin University's civil engineering specialty were not fully recorded, and the planned balances were 1 and 8/respectively.
In addition, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Northeast Forestry University, Harbin Engineering University and other universities all have planned balances in their civil engineering majors.
Screenshot of Henan Education Examinations Institute website
Among them, the score change of Tongji University's ace major-civil engineering in Henan is very interesting. Objectively speaking, the professional score line of a school in a province has changed greatly, which is largely influenced by the "year" factor. Tongji University scored 667 points in Henan last year, and only the former 1730 candidates can be admitted.
However, "big and small years" cannot explain the phenomenon of * * *. Tongji's civil science admission line has also dropped significantly in provinces outside Henan. In 2022, Tongji University Engineering Experimental Class (Civil and Environment) scored a minimum of 638 points in Chongqing Science. The ranking is 125 1 according to the calculation of one point and one paragraph. Last year, the lowest score of the school's science investment in Chongqing was 674, ranking 847. At the same time, the engineering experimental class (Civil Engineering and Environment) has also become the penultimate major of Tongji University in Chongqing in 2022, only slightly higher than the mechanical class (Sino-foreign cooperative education).
In Zhejiang, according to Zhejiang Education Examinations Institute, the minimum admission scores of Tongji University 202 1 and 2022 are engineering experimental classes (civil and environmental classes). This year's admission score is 656, ranking the lowest at 5665, and the number of rankings is 276 lower than last year. Tongji University ranks lowest in computer science 198 1.
In Hebei, in 2022, Tongji University's engineering experimental class (civil engineering and environment) scored a minimum of 633 points, ranking 2 156, down 620 places from last year. In Shandong, in 2022, Tongji University's engineering experimental class (civil and environmental) ranked the lowest, at 29 19, down 458 places from last year.
CBN combed the information of undergraduate colleges and universities and found that compared with last year, the enrollment rankings of civil engineering majors in many provinces have declined to varying degrees this year, and even become the "bottom" major in the enrollment rankings of well-known universities that are good at engineering.
According to the college enrollment information table published by Chongqing Education Examinations Institute, in 2022, the lowest score of civil engineering (civil safety) science in Central South University was 600, ranking 5967 according to one-by-one calculation, up 550 places from last year.
According to the information from official website of Shandong Education Entrance Examination Institute, in 2022, the lowest ranking of science in Civil Engineering (Zhuoyue All-English Class) of South China University of Technology was 5654, up 263 places from last year. Tianjin University ranked the lowest in architectural science at 3,945, up 395 places from last year. Xi University of Architecture and Technology ranked the lowest in civil engineering science, with 36,809, up 3,574 places from last year.
Real estate practitioners have the strongest sense of crisis.
58 Jaco, Dean of the Branch of Anjuke Real Estate Research Institute, analyzed the First Financial Report, and found that the change of professional admission scores in colleges and universities is closely related to the overall job market. In recent ten years, real estate and related industries have absorbed and solved the employment problems of many college students. However, it can be seen from the scores of civil engineering majors in major universities this year that the attraction of the real estate industry to college students' employment is declining. Although the increment of the real estate market can still maintain a certain level in the next five to 10 years, the industry will certainly not have such high expectations in attracting fresh graduates and salary.
Jaco analyzed that there are many occupations involved in the real estate industry, and relatively speaking, the professions with strong professionalism related to real estate construction are greatly affected.
Huang said that the real estate industry has always been one of the important employment destinations for civil engineering graduates. However, with the real estate industry entering the stock age, the total engineering workload has decreased, and the demand for civil engineering professionals has also decreased. At the same time, in the past two years, due to the tightening of regulation, real estate enterprises have made much noise and little rain, the industry is in a downturn, and the supply and demand of the talent market in the real estate industry are weak.
According to the report of Hunting Big Data Research Institute, in 20021year, real estate ranked second among the three industries with the largest layoffs, second only to the culture, education and media industries. Since July and August last year, many large housing enterprises have started to lay off employees.
The latest report "Employment Trend of Mid-to-High-end Talents in the First Half of 2022" shows that over 60% of people in the workplace have a stronger sense of crisis. In terms of industries, real estate practitioners have the strongest sense of crisis, accounting for 82. 14% of the industry.
According to the "Analysis Report on Talent Market of Real Estate Industry in 2022" released by Zhaopin, in the first week after the Spring Festival in 2022, the number of jobs in the real estate industry decreased by 29% year-on-year, much higher than the 4.5% of the whole industry. At the same time, in 20021under the tight policy environment and sluggish market demand, the turnover rate of real estate practitioners reached 28.8%.
Ms. Li, 36, originally worked in a large private housing enterprise in Guangdong. At the end of last year, she left the real estate industry for more than ten years and turned to invest in the financial industry. "Most people in my department have left. If you don't leave your job, it will be more difficult to stay, and the salary reduction will be very large. "
China Business News reported in July 19 that Wang Ming, born after 1990, left the real estate industry and entered a pharmaceutical company with good development prospects. However, not everyone is as lucky as Wang Ming. A management of Wang Ming's former company was unemployed at home for half a year after resigning, and there was no suitable job opportunity.
Chen Lin (pseudonym), who left another large real estate enterprise in Guangdong, said that some people left behind by his department had their salaries greatly reduced and their levels were reduced from middle management to ordinary staff. "No way, real estate has passed its peak."
According to China Census Yearbook -2020, CBN found that 88.4% of urban family houses in China were built after 1990, and 68. 1% were built in this century. This also means that it is difficult for China real estate market to maintain the momentum of rapid growth.
On the other hand, the change of the birth population is also widely concerned. The population born in 20021year is10.62 million, which is about1380,000 less than that in 2020. Compared with 2020, the net population growth in 20021year was only 480,000. According to the data of the National Bureau of Statistics, CBN combed the net population increase over the years since 1949, and found that the net population increase in 20021year hit a new low in nearly 60 years (since 1962). Factors such as the declining birth population and the urbanization rate of 64.7% have also greatly affected the overall demand of the future property market.
According to the report on housing market demand forecast in 20021-2035 recently released by RealData, compared with the housing market transaction scale of10.8 billion square meters during the 13th Five-Year Plan period, the estimated declines during the 14th Five-Year Plan period, the 15th Five-Year Plan period and the 16th Five-Year Plan period are 17% and 2. The total demand for housing is gradually decreasing. By 2035, the total demand for housing will drop to 65.438+0.33 billion square meters, with an average annual slowdown of 2.5% during the period of 65.438+0.5.
Prospect geometry of civil engineering specialty
Huang said that the coldness of the civil engineering major is also a phased phenomenon in the transformation of all traditional majors. "The information industry, such as artificial intelligence, big data, computer software and other related majors, has diverted a group of outstanding domestic college entrance examination graduates in recent years. In contrast, from the traditional perspective of some parents and candidates, the attractiveness of traditional industries such as civil engineering will inevitably weaken. "
According to the Employment Trend Report of Mid-to-High-end Talents in the First Half of 2022 released by the aforementioned job search, among the emerging fields of national key development, the chip field had the highest year-on-year growth rate in the second quarter, with an increase rate of 502.38%; The growth rate of new energy vehicles and the Internet of Things ranked second and third, accounting for 444.44% and 200.00% respectively. The number of new graduates in biomedicine, new materials, intelligent manufacturing, artificial intelligence and 5G all increased 100% and above. According to the report, from the average annual salary of fresh graduates in these emerging fields, chips, artificial intelligence and 5G rank in the top three, with 234,000, 233,300 and 23.0 1.000 respectively.
Even so, in Huang's view, the demand for civil engineering is far from saturated. Whether it is new or old infrastructure or urban renewal, it will create a large number of high-quality employment opportunities for new civil talents, which is believed to be of great use.
What is a new type of civil engineering talent?
Huang said that civil engineering talents with interdisciplinary ability can adapt to the development needs of the digital age. "This year, our college opened a new major called Intelligent Building, which aims to integrate some cutting-edge digital technologies into the teaching of traditional industries, as well as the major or direction that the water conservancy industry such as smart water conservancy and smart water affairs is currently vigorously promoting; Correspondingly, in the teaching staff, in addition to efforts to improve the digital literacy of teachers in our college, we will also invite teachers from computer, artificial intelligence and other colleges to offer courses, and will also introduce or train teachers with interdisciplinary teaching ability. "
According to public reports, South China University of Technology's newly added intelligent building specialty relies on the discipline of civil engineering to adapt to the sustainable and intelligent development trend of the construction industry, vigorously cultivate innovative and compound talents with interdisciplinary backgrounds such as civil engineering, artificial intelligence, computer, automation and engineering management, and accelerate the upgrading and transformation of the civil construction industry.
In addition, the graduation destination of civil engineering majors in different regions, the same region and different teacher backgrounds is also different. For example, Huang said that at South China University of Technology, nearly half of the undergraduate graduates from the Department of Civil Engineering and the Department of Water Resources chose to go to graduate school for further study. Those who enter the job market, whether local graduates or foreign graduates, have a high proportion of staying in the Pearl River Delta for employment. However, some graduates from some non-key colleges in the same area have flowed into relatively backward areas such as western Guangdong and eastern Guangdong to achieve "peak-shifting" employment.
A teacher from the School of Civil Engineering of Tongji University also told the First Financial Reporter that the popularity of subjects and majors in voluntary reporting is "big and small", which also reflects the trend of social development and the development of majors themselves. Civil engineering, as a mature major that plays an important role in social development, will not disappear. Tongji's civil graduates are basically easy to find jobs this year, which also shows this.
He analyzed that the development of civil engineering is now developing in three depths: depth, depth and deep space. Underground space and the infrastructure of maritime power strategy are the development direction of modern civil engineering. At the same time, even if there is a lot of construction in the east, the central and western regions have a lot of potential and need civil engineering. "You can't just mention civil engineering and think of real estate. On the contrary, the civil technology content of real estate is not high. "