Main points induction

▲ Most English sentence patterns take S+V (subject+predicate) structure as the core structure. English is an SV language. That is, S+V (subject+predicate) structure is the main structure, and predicate verbs are the core.

Generally speaking, an English sentence must be wrong if it has no predicate verb (notional verb or copulative verb).

▲ Predicates in English sentences can only act as verbs. If a verb does not act as a predicate in an English sentence, it must be in a non-predicate form (gerund, infinitive or participle). But the predicates of Chinese sentences can be verbs, adjectives, nouns and so on.

For example, prices are stable and the market is prosperous.

Learning English is not easy.

Learning English is not easy. (×)

▲ The distinctive feature of Chinese syntax is "verb conjunctions". Verbs can be used continuously according to the sequence of time and action and the development of the plot without morphological changes. An English sentence can only have one predicate, unless it is a coordinate predicate, it must be handled in other ways:

★ Become a non-predicate form

★ conjunction connection (coordinate conjunction (coordinate predicate; Compound sentence)

Subordinate conjunction → leading clause

★ Use nouns or prepositions to express.

I forgot my passport.

Or I forgot my passport.

I give my girlfriend a cup of coffee.

I walked around the table with a book.

He ran and sang into the classroom.

▲ There are two kinds of Chinese "verb conjunctions". One is a series of actions issued by the subject, which is called continuous action; One is the two actions of the predicate, and the object of the former verb is the subject of the latter verb, that is, the two verbs are not issued by one subject, which is called a concurrent sentence. Please see:

I) connection type

There is no linking in English as in Chinese, and several verbs indicating the sequential relationship can be connected by AND or OR in the participle structure. For example:

I opened the door and went in.

I opened the door and came in. (Opening the door, I came in. )

(2) Bilingual mode

He invited me to his house. "I" is the object of "please" and the subject of "visiting his home". In other words, I have two jobs. There are several ways for English sentence patterns to express Chinese bilingual sentence patterns:

When the second verb in partial time form is converted into English object complement, infinitives are often used, sometimes infinitives without to are used, or participles, adverbs, adjectives, nouns, prepositions and so on. As for the first verb, there are commonly used verbs in Chinese, such as Shi, Jiao, Demand, Let, Force, Make, Want, Command, Promote and Encourage, and there are also corresponding verbs in English. For example:

He invited me to his house for dinner.

▲ On the basis of SV general sentence patterns, according to the different types of predicate verbs, the following five sentence patterns can be summarized:

(1) Subject+copula+predication She looks very kind.

(2) Subject+intransitive verb He has changed a lot.

(3) subject+transitive verb+object We love our country.

(4) Subject+transitive verb+indirect object (person)+direct object (object)

Or subject+transitive verb+direct object (thing) +to+ indirect object (person)

+for+ indirect object (person)

He gave me a present. He gave me a present. )

5] Subject+transitive verb+object+object complement

I find this book very interesting.

Pay attention to the sentence pattern (1):

Classification of copula verbs:

"seemingly class": it seems, appear, look.

"Sensory category": feeling, eyes, sound, smell and taste.

"Become a stratum": become, go, get, grow, degenerate and transform.

"Static class": keep, continue, stay and keep.

When some notional verbs are used as special meanings, they can be used as copula verbs, such as:

Prove (be proved to be)

Predicate adjectives are more than adverbs.

Connective verbs generally have no progressive voice and passive voice.

Sentence (2) should pay attention to:

This sentence pattern can follow adverbial.

The order of adverbials is generally:

Place/way/purpose/reason/time /(never is put in the sentence with equal frequency, before the notional verb and after the auxiliary verbs such as the copula verb and modal verb). For example:

About 40 years after the separation of the two governments, President Nixon came to China by special plane for an official visit at the invitation of the China government.

Sentence (3) should pay attention to:

When the object is a verb, it is either doing or doing. In English, only a few verbs are required to be in the form of action, and the rest are in the form of action, and some can be in the form of action or action, which makes no difference. But some of them are different, so we should recite them separately.

The following verbs often take the form of do as the object:

Admit, delay, mind, appreciate, deny, miss, avoid, enjoy, postpone, finish, escape, practice, consider, finish and quit.

The following verbs can be followed by to do form and do form as objects:

Like, start, plan, love, start, like, hate, stop, dislike, and continue.

The following verbs can be followed by to do form and doing form, but their meanings are different:

Stop, forget, remember, regret, try, be mean

Sentence (4) should pay attention to:

When the direct object and the indirect object are interchanged, appropriate prepositions should be added:

(Pay, give, lend, send, show, provide, leave, tell, sell, teach, write, bring, deliver, etc.). )+to

Buy, make, obtain, select, order, etc. )+for

(q) +of

(Play)+On

In sentence pattern (5), we should pay attention to:

Verbs with nouns as object complements include "election, choice, making, agreement" and so on.

If the complement refers to "a position that one can hold", the article should be omitted. For example:

They elected him to attend. )

He made her a servant. He employed her as a servant. )

Take infinitive as object complement. If the predicate is a sensory verb or a causative verb, to should be omitted and added when it becomes passive. For example:

I often see him helping others.

People often see him helping others. )

Use V-ing or p.p. as object complement:

I found that man stealing money.

He can't make himself understood.

I heard someone calling my name.