First, the problems in the cultivation of college students' innovative ability
The author has been engaged in the ideological and political work of students. Through personal experience and various surveys, it is found that there are the following problems in the cultivation of college students' innovative ability:
1. The teaching content is outdated, the teaching method is single, and the cultivation of students' learning ability is neglected. Innovative education in China is still in its infancy, which needs to be strongly advocated and supported. At present, in the teaching of colleges and universities, there are some phenomena, such as the specialty setting lags behind the change of social talent demand and the unreasonable teaching specialty setting. The classroom teaching in the school still stays on imparting knowledge and still focuses on learning the original knowledge. The teaching method is single, rigid and lacking in new ideas, and lacks the means to tap students' innovative ability.
2. The lack of sense of responsibility and professionalism of some college teachers has affected the cultivation of students' innovative ability. Some college teachers concentrate on their own scientific research tasks while completing the necessary teaching tasks, and have no time to guide students to participate in innovative activities; Although there are also some college teachers involved in guiding students to carry out innovative activities, such as student science and technology competitions, the results have been minimal.
3. Some college students lack innovation motivation and are unwilling to participate in innovation activities. These students are either addicted to online games or idle and aimless. During their college years, they just muddle along and have no motivation to participate in innovative activities.
4. The efforts to cultivate students' innovative ability in colleges and universities are not enough. Although colleges and universities have gradually realized the importance of improving students' innovative ability and done some work, compared with the investigation of teachers' scientific research activities, some college leaders pay less attention to this work, and have hard targets for teachers' scientific research activities, but there are no hard targets for students' scientific research activities.
Second, the main reason for the problem
1. Deep-rooted traditional educational thought
Although China has put forward the reform goal of higher education quality, due to the deep-rooted concept of exam-oriented education, the educational operation mechanism of colleges and universities is basically formed under the guidance of the concept of exam-oriented education, ignoring the existence of multi-level subjects and their cognitive communication relationship. Under the domination of this theory, the concept that teachers are the subject and students are the object is often formed, and teaching activities are simply understood as knowledge imparting activities.
2. University management pays more attention to academics than teaching.
Historically, there have been different views on whether colleges and universities should focus on academics or teaching. There is a widespread phenomenon in colleges and universities in China that academics are valued over teaching. Because academics can bring markets and benefits that cannot be created by teaching to schools and individuals, it is the embodiment of competitive strength among universities at all levels; The negative influence caused by the phenomenon that the management of colleges and universities pays more attention to academics than teaching makes teachers lose the enthusiasm of cultivating students' innovative ability, and it is even more impossible to form various conscience circulation mechanisms to cultivate students' innovative ability.
3. Teachers lack the concept of teaching efficiency and weak sense of innovation.
In college classroom teaching, an important reason for the poor teaching quality is that some teachers lack the concept of teaching efficiency, and they only ask about input and don't ask about output. In the minds of many teachers, the sense of innovation has not really been established. From the exam-oriented teaching widely existing in teaching practice, it can be seen that the dominant concept of professional teachers in teaching is still "content" consciousness. Even if everything is fine after completing the teaching content arranged by the school, how to cultivate students' innovative spirit and ability through their own teaching activities has not become the main problem for teachers to consider in teaching.
4. Teachers lack the consciousness of curriculum compilers.
The teaching reform and practice in the new era not only requires teachers to regularly select, revise and reconstruct the original curriculum according to the specific curriculum implementation, so that the curriculum can better serve the development of students, but also requires teachers to change their concepts, cultivate and enhance their own curriculum awareness, and realize the role change, that is, from a simple curriculum executor to a curriculum editor, implementer and evaluator. However, according to the author's investigation, in the course implementation, teachers' curriculum consciousness is generally weak, and many teachers still stick to the passive professional role of "curriculum receiver" and lack the consciousness of curriculum reform and compilation according to the actual situation.
Thirdly, the ways and methods to cultivate college students' innovative ability.
1. Optimize the curriculum system
Research shows that people's innovative ability comes from innovative thinking, which is based on a reasonable knowledge structure. Therefore, in order to cultivate college students' innovative ability, we must optimize the curriculum system and make college students have a reasonable knowledge structure. At present, the core of optimizing the curriculum system is to implement curriculum integration. First, strengthen the teaching of basic courses, which are also called core courses, mainly based on the quality standards that people with higher education must have, and formulate courses aimed at enabling students to acquire reasonable knowledge structure and ability. The second is to pay attention to the infiltration of arts and sciences, requiring science and engineering students to have some basic knowledge in the humanities field, and liberal arts students should also know something about natural science fields such as computer application, so as to improve college students' cultural taste, aesthetic taste, humanistic quality and innovative quality. In addition, colleges and universities should optimize the curriculum system through multiple channels to cultivate students' innovative ability, such as reducing the total class hours and increasing the proportion of elective courses to create a relaxed environment for students' independent learning; Implement flexible credit system, major and minor system, and choose courses across departments and schools to promote the transformation of students' professional knowledge from single type to cross type; Actively carry out teaching material reform, update course content, and absorb new contents, new achievements, new ideas and new information of modern science and technology as much as possible.
2. Reform classroom teaching methods
It should be said that classroom teaching is still the main form of higher education in China at present, and the quality of classroom teaching directly affects the cultivation of college students' innovative ability. Therefore, to cultivate college students' innovative ability, we must start with the reform of teaching methods. First of all, we should reform the classroom teaching methods. Actively advocate heuristic, discussion, question and research teaching methods, so that teachers can leave enough time for students to think and ask questions in class. Through the guidance, inspiration and guidance of teachers and the interaction between teachers, students and students, the ability of college students to understand, analyze and solve problems is improved, and the development of innovation ability is promoted. There are four ways to optimize classroom teaching: first, the "three stresses" method, that is, emphasizing a word "use" in teaching content, embodying a word "live" in teaching methods and pursuing a word "new" in teaching means; The third is the "three uses" method, that is, heuristic teaching method is used to cultivate students' innovative consciousness, discussion teaching method is used to expand students' knowledge, improve students' comprehensive quality, and self-study teaching method is used to expand students' intelligence and ability. These measures will subtly guide students to actively deepen their learning content, cultivate their interest in solving practical problems with what they have learned, and thus achieve the purpose of cultivating innovative ability.
3. Reform practical teaching methods
In view of the lack of time and space and the emphasis on theory and structure in practical teaching in colleges and universities, experimental teaching should reduce verification and demonstration experiments, increase design and comprehensive experiments, closely combine with reality, and organize students to carry out "real knife and real gun" graduation design and graduation practice. At the same time, students should be encouraged to apply their theoretical knowledge to social practice through visits, social surveys, consulting services, scientific and technological development, and work-study programs, so as to improve their hands-on ability and innovation ability.
4. Establish a tutorial system for science and technology, and bring college students' scientific and technological innovation into the track of standardized management.
In order to carry out students' innovative activities all the year round, we can formulate some regulations to encourage students to innovate, implement students' scientific research projects, select students with solid theoretical foundation and strong hands-on ability to organize project teams, and equip them with instructors. Under the guidance of teachers, the research group will do a good job in selecting topics and applying for projects, allocate certain project start-up funds for officially approved projects, and provide financial guarantee for students' scientific research activities. At the same time, it is stipulated that each teacher must guide a certain number of students to participate in various innovative activities every year, give teachers a certain guidance allowance, and link it with the promotion of teachers' professional titles. On the one hand, it will mobilize the enthusiasm of college students to participate in scientific research during their school days, encourage them to participate in various scientific and technological innovation competitions, and let them feel challenged and fulfilled. On the other hand, it can also encourage professional teachers to participate in guiding students' innovative activities extensively, which will be an effective way to strengthen the cultivation of students' innovative ability. In recent years, our school has been actively exploring and implementing the tutorial system of science and technology. A vice principal takes the lead as the head of the tutorial system of science and technology. The secretary of the general party branch of each college and a vice president are responsible for the scientific and technological counseling activities, which are implemented by the Communist Youth League Committee and the general party branch of each secondary college, and widely mobilize students to actively participate in various student science and technology competitions. For example, the School of Computer and Information Engineering links teachers' participation in guiding students' scientific and technological competitions with the promotion of professional titles.
5. Build innovative practice laboratories and open up scientific and technological innovation platforms for college students.
Scientific research ability comes from scientific research practice. Specialized scientific research practice helps students to understand and consolidate theoretical knowledge, improve their knowledge application ability and practical ability, and stimulate their inherent scientific research and innovation ability. Scientific research practice is the foundation and basic means of scientific research work. To cultivate and improve students' scientific research ability, we must strengthen scientific research practice. Therefore, schools should make a fuss about scientific research bases, develop existing laboratories, provide special laboratories for students applying for scientific research projects, and help students learn to learn from teachers' research, which will help cultivate students' scientific research ability. Make full use of the practice and design opportunities of various courses to conduct research; We can also hold scientific and technological innovation competitions and other activities to stimulate students' interest in scientific research and cultivate their innovative ability.
6. Establish and improve the evaluation system of innovation ability, and incorporate it into students' comprehensive evaluation.
Innovative spirit and practical ability refer to the creativity and inventiveness of college students in their study and work, the ability to complete learning tasks in practical teaching, and the ability to apply what they have learned and solve practical problems in life, production and technology by participating in social practice and social activities. Explore the establishment of a set of evaluation system for students' innovative ability, which mainly includes the evaluation methods of students' social practice ability and students' innovative ability. It is also an effective incentive method to count students' social practice and scientific research innovation achievements into students' total credits. The implementation of these measures will help to stimulate students' interest in innovation and cultivate their innovative spirit.