When it comes to Nanyang River, we have to mention her culture and history. Nanyang River, which originates from Xiajingtang Ancient Village in Linglong Mountain, southwest of Qingzhou, is an ancient river and a tributary of Mihe River, with a total length of15.3km and a total area of 7.65km2..
Nanyang River is not only the mother river of Qingzhou, but also a cultural landscape river, which has a very important military defense function. It can be said that Nanyang River watered the splendid culture in Qingzhou history. In 20 13, she was also rated as a provincial water conservancy scenic spot, a provincial wetland park and a national AAA tourist scenic spot.
The Origin of Nanyang River
Nanyang River originates from Jingtang Village at the foot of Linglong Mountain in the southwest of Qingzhou City. Jingtang Ancient Village was built in Jingtai in the Ming Dynasty for seven years, with a history of more than 600 years. It is located in the southwest of Qingzhou 15 km. There is a clear spring under Shamao Mountain in the southeast of Jingtang Village, which does not dry up all the year round, forming a pool. The villagers built a well from the pond with stones, hence the name of the village. This spring is the source of Nanyang River, and the rainy season can be traced back to the "Dragon King's Nose" in Baiju Valley of Linglong Mountain.
Nanyang Hebei originated in Yin Da, Qingzhou City. After the two phases meet, they flow through the western foothills of Tuoshan Mountain from south to north and receive mountain spring water all the way. In the north of Loulou Mountain, it flows into an important tributary, Waterfall Creek. After that, it flows to the southwest and northeast, passes through Yongji Bridge outside Daizongmen, the west gate of Nanyang City, Qingzhou, and receives Yangxi, which is composed of the water of Liquan, flows between Nanyang City and Dongyang City, passes through Wannian Bridge, reaches the rolling water bridge, and receives the water from the moat (Lotus Bay) in the east of Nanyang City. This river consists of Black Tiger Spring, Liu Jiaquan, Daquan and Koizumi. Then it flows down through Caojiayuan and Gaojiayuan, where it forms a bay called Longwan. Then turn north, flow eastward through Dingjiadian and Caomiao Village, turn at Zhang Jiahe Village, and flow southeast. The turning point is the northernmost part of Nanyang River, commonly known as Nanbabangzi, and then flows through Weijiahe, Cuijiahe, Jijiahe and Lijiahe. These five villages are collectively called "Nanbabangzi". Its second largest tributary, the Yin-Yang River, passes through the dam ditch, and then flows into Xiaoguandian Village between Dawu Village and Xiaowu Village. Jiande River (commonly known as Qili River), its largest tributary, is accepted in Shangjiazhuang Village and injected into Mihe River in Dongyang Village.
Nanyang River is upstream from the source to the waterfall inlet, middle from the waterfall inlet to the east moat inlet, and downstream from the waterfall inlet to the Mihe inlet.
Historic coastal city
In Li Daoyuan's Notes on Water Classics in the Northern Wei Dynasty, Nanyang River was called "Yang Water" and later "Changsha Water". Its original flow direction is to turn north near Dingjiadian Village, merge with Beiyang River, and flow northward into Judian Lake.
Nanyang River is an ideal place to build a city, because its ravines are deep. Four ancient cities in Qingzhou history were all built by Nanyang River.
In 204 BC, Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang sent general Han Xin to defeat Tian Heng, the king of Qi. Qingzhou belongs to the jurisdiction of the Western Han Dynasty and is located in Guangxian County. This is the first city in Qingzhou. Its original site is in Xiaquan Village, Wang Fu Sub-district Office, with Nanyang River in the west, waterfalls and streams in the east and Loulou Mountain in the south. It is about 400 meters long from north to south and 500 meters long from east to west, covering an area of about 200,000 square meters.
In the fifth year of Yongjia in the Western Jin Dynasty (AD 3 1 1), the former dynasty attacked Qingzhou from the faction, and Cao Ben was the secretariat of Qingzhou after the city was broken. Due to the serious damage to Guangxian County, Cao Ben built a new town at Shannan 1.5 km in Wang Yao, which was called Guanggu Town in history. Guangxian site became a key cultural relic protection unit in Qingzhou city on 1990.
Guanggu City is located 4 kilometers northwest of Nanyang City, 5 kilometers south of Wang Yao 1.5, with Beiyang River in the west and Nanyang River in the southeast. It is surrounded by a deep valley, which is deep in water. The city site is about 600 meters wide from north to south and 800 meters long from east to west. In terms of area, it should be the inner city of Guanggu City, that is, the small town. "Yuanhe County Records" contains: "There is a wide stream. Because it is considered solid, it is easy to defend and difficult to attack, so it is called lenient and solid. "
After Cao Ben built Guanggu City, he moved Qingzhou, Qixian and Linzi governments to Guanggu City. According to the Records of Yidu County Records and Jinshizhi, there have been "three seals" unearthed in history, namely Sima Yin in Jin Dian, the seal stone in the north of Jin 'an and Sima Yin in the north of Shanxi. According to research, "the above three seals were unearthed in Yi and Du villages". "Two Villages" are the original ordinary towns of Datun, Xiaotun and Dujiazhuang, all on the west bank of Beiyang River. During the second national cultural relics survey, bronze wares of the Jin Dynasty were unearthed in the brick kiln factory near Datun Village, so it was determined that this was the former site of Guanggu City.
In the first year of Taining, when Shi Hu was attacked by the post-Zhao Schleswig, there were more than 30,000 soldiers and civilians, all of whom were killed at one time, leaving only 700 men and women. In the third year of Long 'an in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (AD 399), Murong De led 400,000 troops to attack Guanggu City, and drove more than 8,000 scholars into Guanggu City to stick to it. Murong De killed the commander in chief of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, occupied Guanggu City, established the Southern Yan State, and ascended the throne of the emperor. He developed and built a powerful army with 370,000 infantry, 65,438 vehicles+0,700 passengers and 53,000 soldiers. Therefore, judging from the only remaining 500,000 square meters city site, it is difficult to accommodate so many troops. So it is concluded that the outer city must be much bigger than the inner city.
In the sixth year of Yixi in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (AD 4 10), Liu Yu, a general of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, led an army to attack Guanggu City in Yannan, and a bloody battle lasted for more than 10 months. Unable to attack for a long time, he repeatedly asked for good advice, and then Hejian made suggestions to Emperor Wu of Song. After Emperor Wu of Song broke the city, Guanggu City was razed to the ground. Kill more than 3,000 people below Xianbei nobles, leaving more than 1 0,000 women and children as trophies of the sergeant. Let Yang Mu be the secretariat of Qingzhou, and Yang Mu will build another new city in Nanyang and Hebei, named Dongyang City.
Dongyang City is in the area of today's Beiguan, starting from the small east gate of today's municipal hospital in the east and reaching Daizongmen in the east of Beixiguan in the west, with a total length of 2,500 meters, connecting Nantianmen at the southern end of Guan Jie in Nanyang, Hebei Province in the south, and Dongdian (also known as Wu Qu Gate) outside Cheyuanmen at the northern end of West Street in the north, with a width of about 1000 meters from north to south and a total area. In addition, Zhenqing Gate (Mayimen) is set up in the northwest.
Dongyang city was built in Xining for ten years, where Zhoucheng was built, pavilions were built and suspension bridges were set up on the south bank. In the third year of Jian Yan in the Southern Song Dynasty (A.D. 1 129), Jin Bing was trapped in Zhoucheng again, killed his agent Mou Wei and set the city on fire. During the Southern Song Dynasty, Dongyang City, Jin, Yuan and farmers revolted constantly. Due to the continuous improvement of the construction of Nanyang City, after the large-scale construction of Nanyang City in Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty for three years, the state government ruling center moved into the ancient village of Jingtang in Nanyang City, and Dongyang City was gradually abandoned in the Qing Dynasty. In the 11th year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (A.D. 1378), Tucheng was restored in the former site of Dongyang City, which was abandoned soon. Only the city gate is left in the northwest, and the residual wall is 20 meters high and 27 meters long, and the door opening is 14 meters wide, which is rammed.
There are two gates on the north wall of Dongyang City, namely, Wu Qu Gate (Cheyuan Gate) in the east and Qingmen Gate (Ant Gate) in the west. The west wall is equipped with Taishan Gate, and the east wall is equipped with a small east gate. Now only Zhenqing Gate is left, and some of the gates and the walls on both sides of the hole are still on the ground. This is the official post station of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, where you change trains and horses, so it is also called Mayimen. 1990 was announced as a cultural relics protection unit in Qingzhou city.
Nanyang is named after the south of Shui Yang. Because some features in the city, such as cow's head, horns, ears, mouth, abdomen, umbilicus, drowning, back and hooves, are widely spread, it is commonly known as "Lying Cow City".
There is a thousand-year-old bridge over the river.
There is a thousand-year-old bridge on Nanyang River, named Wannian Bridge, which is a seven-hole stone bridge. It is located outside the north gate of Nanyang Ancient City and was built in Ming Dow, Song Renzong. Wannian Bridge has experienced vicissitudes of life, with a history of more than 980 years.
Beida Bridge, commonly known as Wannian Bridge, was changed from a beam-column wooden bridge to a single-arch wooden bridge without columns. It has a unique structure and looks like a rainbow, hence the name "Hongqiao". For flood control, after several times of financing, the river bank was reinforced with huge stones, and dozens of big trees crossed each other without columns. The frame was a flying bridge, creating the first wooden Hongqiao in China. Zhang Zeduan's Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival is based on Hongqiao on Nanyang River in Qingzhou.
In the 22nd year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (A.D. 1594), it was rebuilt into a seven-hole bridge with a stone arch structure and renamed Wannian Bridge. It was destroyed in the 25th year of Kangxi in Qing Dynasty (A.D. 1686), and was rebuilt and perfected in the 35th year of Kangxi (A.D. 1696). The bridge is 86 meters long, 9.4 meters wide and 9 meters high.
Now it is a seven-hole stone bridge with a length of 65.3 meters, a width of 8 meters, a height of 7.9 meters and an arch span of 5.4 meters. There are wide approach surfaces at both ends of the bridge, and railings at the east and west sides, with 16 pairs of stone lions and Aquarius arranged. There are Ming Dynasty relief "Twenty-four Filial Pieties" and branch-bound peony on the railing. At the upper end of the six piers facing the water in the west, there is a faucet the size of one meter square, which is called Longtunkou.
An Zhiyuan of Shouguang County said in the inscription of bridge repair: "The key to the north gate, the morning closing, the country girl, the shoulder rubbing, the north and south criss-crossing, the river bridge becoming a city ..." It can be seen that the traffic on the bridge is smooth and the pedestrians are bustling. Qingzhou Wannian Bridge embodies the superb architectural art of our working people, which is magnificent, durable and durable.
Wannian Bridge has experienced many vicissitudes. The Japanese invaders trampled on it; Kuomintang military planes bombed it ... In recent years, Qingzhou City has been repaired and strengthened, adding new glory to this Millennium-old bridge.
There are many bridges on Nanyang River, but one of them is different. It was named "Shenxing Bridge" after a hero. 201May 13, Shen Xing, deputy staff officer of NCO Technical Education College of the Second Artillery Engineering University and graduate student of the Second Artillery Command College, heroically saved the drowning boy in Nanyang River, Qingzhou, and died unfortunately. On June 15 of that year, Qingzhou named a bridge over Nanyang River as "Shenxing Bridge" to commemorate the hero who saved lives, Shen Xing.
Nanyang River, an ancient river, has been flowing quietly for more than 600 years, nurturing generations of hardworking people. Today, it is still the same, but the heroic feat of saving people by Shen Xing once again touched the hearts of countless people in China; By the Nanyang River, the bronze statue of the hero Shen Xing stands tall in the place where he saved lives and sacrificed. It has merged with Qingzhou and become the spiritual symbol of the city.