Learning is an innate ability of human beings. Learning is not a simple relationship between output and input, but a self-organized comprehensive operation of physiology, life, life and practice. The function of school education lies in comprehensively and systematically understanding the learning mechanism, using various educational means to activate students' learning ability, reasonably setting environmental conditions to stimulate students' learning will and ability, and promoting the transformation of learning methods and educational methods.
Based on the practical exploration and related research of basic education reform, this paper puts forward a framework system and systematic suggestions for improving students' learning ability in China from 50 basic elements in eight aspects: physiological health care, environmental promotion, team friendliness, thinking development, subject integration, teacher guidance, artistic accomplishment and moral support.
First, physical health care-a life system to ensure learning
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The teacher of physical health course focuses on the physiological function of learning from the perspective of knowing his own body, so that students can learn to know themselves.
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Learn more about the neurological function of the brain, master the methods of strengthening the brain, ensure the nutritional supply of the brain, and learn to use the brain friendly.
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Strengthen physical exercise outside physical education class, increase weekly outdoor aerobic activities, and learn to live a healthy life.
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Learn to use scientific methods of health preservation, learn Chinese medicine knowledge, and learn to be kind to yourself.
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Ensure enough effective sleep, relax and study.
Second, environmental promotion-social conditions for open learning
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Schools, teachers and parents must know that an open learning environment is very important to students, and guide and help students learn to study in an open environment.
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Form a stable, positive and happy family harmonious learning atmosphere. Parents should have an open discussion with their children at least once a week, with children as the main topic.
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In primary school, parents and children have reading time at least twice a week to integrate learning into life. The role of parents as role models is irreplaceable.
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Keep the school classroom bright and well ventilated; Try to teach in small classes to avoid being stiff, nervous and boring in class.
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The school creates a campus culture with learning ability as the theme, and is good at carrying out campus activities to promote students' learning and presenting them in class.
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Encourage and organize students to participate in off-campus learning activities such as visiting museums and studying abroad, and build a bridge between school education and non-school education.
Third, team friendliness-building interpersonal relationships in learning.
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It is the most important learning environment for students to learn to deal with peer relations, cultivate and advocate the values and behaviors of being kind to others, and get along well with others.
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Develop the habit of peer discussion and peer learning, carry out active peer learning exchanges, and make learning around you a habit.
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Take the initiative to provide your own opinions, dare to stick to your own opinions, actively listen to and absorb the opinions of peers, and form team opinions.
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Taking learning from others as an important way of learning, students should be good at discussing problems with adults.
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Have the desire and ability to organize discussion groups and study groups, and be good at solving problems in cooperation.
Fourth, thinking development-cultivating learning and thinking ability.
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Understand and master the basic laws and methods of thinking, and know how people think.
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Under the guidance of teachers, students should know what kind of thinking and cognitive tendency they belong to, and find and form a way of thinking suitable for their own study.
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Logical thinking is very important, but not the most important. Learn to learn knowledge and think according to the characteristics of things themselves.
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Fully tap your thinking ability in images, and think in images as much as possible in every study.
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Thinking needs quiet time, cultivate students' habit of meditation and cultivate students' ability to understand and think.
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Pay attention to learning the thinking expression different from the textbook, and cultivate students to present what they have learned with charts, oral English and conceptual systems.
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Encourage students to discover consciousness, learn to discover problems, discover new knowledge, discover connections and discover themselves.
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Encourage students to learn by asking questions. Students should establish questioning notes and record questions, questioning processes and questioning solutions.
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Encourage and guide students to carry out experiments in various disciplines, and cultivate students' methods and abilities to obtain and interpret information in experiments.
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The school offers thinking training courses and pays attention to cultivating students' thinking ability in the process of subject teaching.
Fifth, subject integration-triggering the integration of learning.
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Learn to use multidisciplinary knowledge to study, have interdisciplinary research consciousness and form comprehensive learning ability.
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In the process of learning, he is good at understanding the three-dimensional goals of knowledge and skills, process and method, emotional attitude and values.
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He is good at observing and describing objects with multidisciplinary knowledge and methods, and can draw self-evident conclusions.
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Schools offer comprehensive courses or school-based courses with multi-disciplinary integration, and carry out activities of organic integration of moral education, intellectual education and physical education.
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Schools should take "mastery through a comprehensive study" as their own educational philosophy, teaching philosophy and educational philosophy.
Sixth, teachers guide learning-establish the role of teachers in learning.
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Teachers should investigate students' learning situation from the aspects of thinking type, study habits, cognitive tendency and family education. , so as to provide students with targeted learning guidance.
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Understand and master the scientific knowledge and methods about learning, and explore and form teaching ideas and methods based on students' learning.
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According to the students' situation and curriculum requirements, the teaching design and classroom organization mode combining students' self-study discussion, interdisciplinary integration and teachers' guidance are implemented.
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Teachers should talk as little as possible about the knowledge that students can master through self-study and discussion. Teachers mainly focus on the guidance of "process and method, emotional attitude and values".
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In classroom teaching, teachers are good at implementing problem guidance, method guidance, discussion guidance, thinking guidance, personalized guidance, induction guidance and expansion guidance.
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Teachers' knowledge structure has changed to one subject and many subjects, and teachers should have the ability of curriculum development.
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Teachers first improve their learning ability, thus improving their educational ability. Based on this, the school conducts targeted professional training for teachers.
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Teachers should find and guide students to learn in a way that suits them. The first thing in teaching is not to impart knowledge, but to help students build up their self-confidence in learning.
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A teacher is not only the teacher of the students in his class, but also should help and answer the learning questions of every student in the school.
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Teachers should have the ability to use a variety of teaching methods and means, the most fundamental of which is to guide students' cognition in the sense of science and life.
Seven, artistic accomplishment-enhance the aesthetic mood of learning.
Forty two.
Art is of great significance for improving students' learning ability. School education without art education is flawed. Schools should strengthen art education and tap its value.
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Every student should join the school's art club and have at least one artistic specialty to activate his thinking.
Forty-four
Explore subject dramatization, encourage students to adapt relevant subject knowledge into textbook drama, and direct and perform themselves to broaden students' horizons and knowledge value.
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Families and schools should carry out art education, families with conditions can encourage children to learn art in their early education, and school art teaching should be combined with related disciplines.
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Music and dance learning not only belongs to colleges and societies, but also allows as many students as possible to learn music and dance, experience the beauty of rhythm and grow up healthily.
Eight, moral support-lay the spiritual foundation of learning.
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Understand the social value of knowledge and skills, establish a sense of social responsibility and public spirit of learning for the benefit of mankind, and enhance the sense of mission of learning.
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Respect history, facts and truth, dare to question, learn and master the basic thinking method of seeking truth from facts.
Forty nine
Abide by moral norms, learn and master scientific research norms, understand the basic requirements of academic ethics, and enhance the scientific attitude of learning.
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Learn from the perspectives of world outlook, outlook on life, values, methodology, etc. and be good at dealing with the problems in learning, and carry out philosophy study according to the characteristics of different classes to continuously improve the learning realm.
Regarding the framework and system of improving students' learning ability in basic education proposed in this paper, firstly, it is not a so-called theoretical system, but a practical orientation of improving students' learning ability based on certain theoretical research; Second, it is not a specific learning method or skill, but a systematic design aimed at improving students' learning ability; Thirdly, it is not about the invention of learning methods, but a comprehensive design based on systematic holistic thinking to stimulate and promote students' autonomous learning; Fourthly, it is not a collection of many discourses about learning, but a summary based on educational experiments and practices; Fifth, it is not a list of concepts about students' literacy, quality and ability, but an attempt to reflect the practical orientation of promoting learning ability and explain its significance to learning; Sixth, the so-called "framework system" refers to the structure of basic elements. The 50 basic elements of eight aspects proposed in this paper to stimulate students' learning ability may increase, but these basic elements are essential, and each aspect or element needs to be deepened and refined, but it needs to be based on the characteristics of students and the actual situation of the school. At the same time, integrating the learning process with students' life process, thinking process, life process and practice process, and organically connecting 50 basic elements in 8 aspects of the framework system is a systematic integration of elements that have a positive effect on improving learning ability.