2. Local official system: There were three divisions in the Ming Dynasty, namely, provincial judges, political envoys and administrative divisions. In the Qing dynasty, it was mainly the governor.
3. Selection of officials: Both the Ming and Qing Dynasties were stereotyped candidates, but the Qing Dynasty also had a selection system within the Manchu Dynasty.
4. Supervision: The Ming Dynasty relied on the imperial history to supervise the court. In the Qing Dynasty, there was a secret folding system. In addition, the governor of the Qing Dynasty also had the power of supervision.
Systematically speaking, the Qing Dynasty basically inherited the system of the Ming Dynasty, and improved it on the original basis, getting rid of some obvious disadvantages of the Ming Dynasty, such as the emperor's laziness in politics, the princes' support, the eunuch's autocratic power, and the factory guards' rampage, abolishing the unlimited rights of the court aides and censors, and also controlling the party struggle to a certain extent.
Extended data:
During the reign of Emperor Chengzu in the Ming Dynasty, a cabinet was set up to assist the emperor in handling locomotive maintenance, and a new power center appeared in the central government. The supervision of the cabinet involves the imperial eunuch, and the imperial eunuch yamen headed by Jane intervened in the cabinet on behalf of the emperor.
At the local level, the emperor began to send officials abroad and sent governors to various places to advise him, making him the highest local military and political chief with more than three divisions. The governor's supervision over the empire has become a new control force imposed by the central government on local governments. This is a general view of the political system of the Ming Dynasty.
In the Qing dynasty, the setting of the cabinet, the king's meeting and the south study contained each other, and finally concentrated power in the hands of the emperor. In order to strengthen the imperial power, the Ministry of War was established in Yongzheng period, and the Manchu minister trusted by the emperor was appointed as the minister of military aircraft.
Military affairs are all decided by the emperor, and the minister of military affairs only kneels down and takes notes, and then is responsible for conveying them to the central ministries and local officials for implementation. In this way, local military and political leaders actually obey the emperor's orders directly.
At the local level, the Qing dynasty inherited and developed the local administrative system of the Ming dynasty, and set up 18 provinces and 5 general jurisdictions at the local level; During the period of Yong Zhengdi in Qing Dynasty, the large-scale land reform in Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan and Guangxi strengthened the central government's jurisdiction over the southwest minority areas, and changed the situation of backwardness, isolation and disputes.
References:
Baidu Encyclopedia-Ming Dynasty Official System
References:
Baidu Encyclopedia-Official System in Qing Dynasty