In the face of our compensation, the United States took the form of relief. Not only did I come by myself, but I also discussed with other countries to give China some relief. The result was rejected.
After receiving the compensation, the United States did not keep the money for itself, but gave it to the Qing government in a new way-setting up a school in China to help China students study in the United States. Yenching university is an example. Of course, Zhan Tianyou and Hu Shi, who studied in the United States, also made great contributions to the country's development after returning to China.
The United States gave up boxer indemnity for a reason. One is to get the support of China. At that time, the United States implemented an "open door" policy to eliminate xenophobia in China. The other is to increase American influence.
How? US Secretary of State John Hay decided to reduce or exempt half of boxer indemnity, but it was rejected by other countries. He made the news public and prepared to use public opinion to publicize it.
Liang Cheng, Ambassador to the United States, spoke with facts. The huge amount of boxer indemnity was a great disaster for the Qing government. If a hen stops laying eggs, everyone will have no eggs to eat. This practice of catching fish in the dry river made Liang Cheng very angry.
He publicized all over America and won the support of the American people. After the meeting, the president of the United States expounded the idea of reducing or exempting Roosevelt, which was supported.
There was also a missionary named Ming Enfu, who contributed to the relief in boxer indemnity. He told President Roosevelt that boxer indemnity should be used for the cause beneficial to China, especially for subsidizing a sufficient number of students to study in the United States. This statement was supported by President Roosevelt.
In this way, boxer indemnity got relief in the United States. The United States used the money to build schools in China, and also sponsored international students in China.
It must be said that this policy of the United States has been warmly welcomed by China. At that time, the people of China were very friendly to the United States. Therefore, the open door policy of the United States has been supported at home.
This is also a win-win way. American goods entered the China market, and China learned knowledge from the United States and returned to China for national construction and promotion of national progress and development.
Then the United States said that Germany and Austria-Hungary. In World War I, China entered the war as an ally. Although no troops were sent to participate, engineers were also sent to help the Allies dig trenches.
Germany and Austria-Hungary are allies. After their defeat, they naturally don't have to pay any more. It would be nice if you didn't pay back the money before.
These two countries are unlucky enough. If you don't fight, will it develop better? This is self-inflicted, not alive! Germany, in particular, had him in World War I and in World War II.
Forget them, let's talk about compensation! As a victorious country, China demanded that boxer indemnity stop paying reparations. Can you return what you have lost?
At first glance, these victorious countries are the same. Let's talk about it If you are going back to China, there must be a process. No one in the family will have that much cash!
Then in chronological order, 1920, 65438+February, Britain informed China to return Geng Qian. The French felt that this matter could not be left behind and told China.
1924, China and the Soviet Union signed an agreement, and the Soviet Union returned all the reparations. 1925, China and Belgium signed an agreement to return it to boxer indemnity. The Netherlands returned all Geng's money to China on 1926, and the Italian country only signed an agreement on 1933, saying that it wanted a refund.
However, one country has been reluctant to sign this agreement, and this country is Japan. Although Japan decided to return boxer indemnity in 1923, it was only used to support cultural groups in China, and no groups in China applied for subsidies.
This is equivalent to hanging a pie in front of the donkey and letting the donkey grind it. Although I agreed to pay compensation, I just couldn't get it out. Do you mean irritating?
When they launched the war of aggression against China, the money was even more invisible. We really can't get our boxer indemnity. I didn't expect them to be so subtle.
Of course, we are not stupid. The National Government deposited boxer indemnity in the Bank of England. On the surface, it gave money to Japan, but Japan didn't get the money. When Japan touched British interests, the money was frozen. After we declared war on Japan, it was impossible to give them money.
The rest of the money was not given to the great powers, but they all spent it on our education and culture. This is also a way to export their values!
Anyway, our educational and cultural undertakings did develop at that time. The United States has established many schools and hospitals in China, which are also very famous. Everyone is familiar with yenching university. Feng Gong's mother graduated from yenching university. Union Medical College Hospital, is everyone familiar with it?
This hospital is very strict. Since its establishment 24 years ago, Concord has only trained 3 10 students. This admission rate is lower than that of Tsinghua Peking University. Among 3 10 people, 7 biomedical academicians came from Concord (there were only 9 biomedical academicians at that time).
China has not only established schools and hospitals, but also trained many foreign students, Mei Yiqi being one of them. Such excellent people, such as Zhan Tianyou, the designer of Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway. For example, Hu Shi, a famous figure in the New Culture Movement.
Not only the United States, but also Britain. With the support of Britain, nine missionary universities, including Central China and Qilu, were established and many foreign students were trained. At that time, international students also needed exams, and they could go abroad for further study only if they got excellent grades. It's a little similar to our current public students.
Mr. Qian Zhongshu, who went to study at Oxford University in England, won the first prize at that time. After he came back, he wrote Fortress Besieged, and after reading it several times, he was still wanting more.
After reading Chen's Fortress Besieged, I feel somewhat similar to the novel, but also somewhat different. Not only Mr Qian Zhongshu, but also Qian Weichang, who was admitted as a public student studying in Britain, did not go to Britain because of the war.
Qian Sanqiang, who went to study in France, was the founder of "Two Bombs and One Satellite". When studying abroad, I also tried my best to remember knowledge with my brain, return to my motherland and make contributions to national defense construction.
There are Belgian students studying in Tong Dizhou. Do you remember an article in a primary school, that is, in Tong Dizhou? The name is "We must live up to expectations", which tells the story of his determination to work hard for his country.
Not only he but also Qin Hanzhang went to Belgium to study. They all went out to study in boxer indemnity and returned after their studies, which changed the status quo of China at that time.
Even Fang Hung-chien in Fortress Besieged can be a teacher with a diploma. Educate students and strive for progress. What's more, the truly knowledgeable people are back.
In popular words: we are back, and the world is different from now on! I have to say that after returning to China, these people have contributed a lot to the construction of the country and led the cultural development of the country.
These people have proved with strength that knowledge can change fate, not only for themselves, but also for the country. We worked together and got the opportunity to study abroad compensated by the state. After coming back, we made the country better.
They all showed extraordinary elegance in their respective fields and made them. This is also the advantage of boxer indemnity. Of course, boxer indemnity will remind many people of that humiliating history.
That period of history was as light as smoke, drifting away with the wind. What is left is the history of Qi Xin and Qi Xin working together to change the destiny of the country. Such a history is worth remembering.
In the end, boxer indemnity became a public welfare project, which many people did not expect. It is also a place that many people find strange.
But boxer indemnity didn't stop until 1943, which may be due to political factors or economic considerations. We didn't pay back the money anyway.
Some people say that this money was not returned to us by various countries. Nominally, but give it to them, and they will give it back to us in the name of education. Although it is our money, we should remember the good of others. This is also the tolerance of China people!
Although some people thought boxer indemnity was bad, at that time, there was nothing they could do. When we sign a contract, it means that the contract has legal effect. Both the government of the Republic of China and the government of the Qing Dynasty have abided by the agreement, which shows that we are a responsible country.
We won't default. We think there is something unreasonable. We can negotiate. As long as you agree, we will modify the agreement, which is also the embodiment of the spirit of the contract.
In a society ruled by law, the spirit of contract is very important, and you can't just break the contract. Some people feel afraid of breaking the contract, as long as they pay enough liquidated damages. That's true, but it also shows that a person has no integrity, and this is not a question of money.
In a society ruled by law, in the face of contracts, even unequal contracts, as long as they are signed, they must be observed. No matter how hard it is, stick to it even if you knock out your teeth and swallow them. No problem. Our boxer indemnity is over in less than 50 years.
In a society ruled by law, pay as much attention as possible when signing a contract, and don't sign an agreement like the Xin Chou Treaty. Of course, only when you are strong can you not be bullied and you don't have to sign such a treaty.
Write at the end:
As the government of A Qing, if you don't have the strength, you dare to go forward. In the present words: Who gave you courage? However, after signing a treaty, it is still necessary to abide by it. We did, and through continuous efforts, we finally learned about the compensation. This is also our wisdom.
At the same time, we took advantage of boxer indemnity to gain opportunities for development and make the country better. This is also an improvement. After all, it is everyone's wish that the country is getting better and better. I wish our country prosperity!