1. Don't simply repeat the existing information in the title, avoid writing the contents of the introduction as a summary, don't copy the subtitle (table of contents) in the text of the paper or the text of the conclusion part of the paper, and don't interpret the content of the paper.
2. Try to use written narrative, and don't list the data in the abstract; The words should be concise, exclude the content that has become common sense in this subject field, and delete meaningless or unnecessary words; The content shall not be demonstrated, not exemplified, and the research process shall not be introduced;
3. The content of the abstract must be complete, and the main contents (or opinions) elaborated in the paper cannot be omitted, and it should be written into a short article that can be used independently.
4. Abstracts are generally not segmented, and linking is prohibited. The statement should be objective, and it is not suitable for subjective evaluation of the research process, methods and achievements, nor for comparative explanation with other people's research.
Example: the relationship between morality and law
As a complete concept, morality is rooted in customs. In primitive society, people lived in a clan society based on blood, and clan members were mainly adjusted by customs, which reflected the positive role of customs from food distribution to marriage conclusion. However, with the complexity of social life, social relations have become more and more complicated.
It is impossible to adjust completely by customs and habits, so morality comes into being, so morality does not come from people's hearts abstractly, let alone from religious theology, but from a certain material basis. Philosophically, putting morality into the superstructure is to maintain the economic foundation of this class. With the development of productive forces.
It is impossible to adjust all social relations with customs and morality, and society needs stronger and broader standards and norms to adjust, so the law came into being. The appearance of law does not mean that the adjustment of social relations no longer depends on morality. Law also has limitations in the way and scope of adjustment, and morality is still an important means to adjust social relations.
Both law and morality play an important role in adjusting social relations. Law and morality belong to different superstructures, so law can't be completely equal to morality, and morality certainly can't replace law. If all moral principles are transformed into legal principles, then the code becomes a moral code, which is just not conducive to human progress, so there is an essential difference between law and morality.
First, the history and ways of law and morality are different. Judging from the historical process, law is the product of a certain historical stage of human society. There is no law in primitive society, but moral customs exist in all historical periods of human society, and any society has codes of conduct. In addition, morality varies with nationality, race, religion and customs, while law is in a country or a certain region.
Laws are enacted, amended and repealed by state legislatures. Only the class that holds state power can transform its will into a mandatory and universally binding law. Morality is transformed from people's long-term living habits. Laws are enforced by the state's coercive power, and morality depends more on public opinion and people's inner beliefs and conscience to abide by.
Second, the scope of application of law and morality is different. Law is the standard to distinguish between crime and non-crime, legal and illegal, while morality is mainly to divide the boundaries between good and evil. These two boundaries can overlap or be independent of each other within a certain range. There are many situations:
1. Laws denied by morality are also prohibited. Such as murder, arson and poisoning.
2, some moral norms do not deny that the law prohibits. Such as negligent crime.
3. Moral norms are affirmative, and laws are forbidden, such as Hamlet-like figures in feudal society or evil laws against the ruling class.
4. Morally discouraged, but allowed by law, such as divorce. However, if a person has been persecuted by domestic violence for a long time and filed for divorce, modern law and morality are supportive.
To sum up, the adjustment and application scope of law and morality overlap and contradict. As far as the laws related to morality are concerned, this part is generally just "minimum morality". Abiding by these legal provisions is the minimum obligation of morality, but the law does not interfere or cannot interfere with morality.
Such as personal integrity or interpersonal relationships, in this sense, the scope of application of morality is wider than that of law. Those laws that have nothing to do with morality cannot be adjusted by morality, and can only be adjusted by law. For example, the newly emerging economic law, administrative law and environmental protection law have only procedural provisions and have little or no relationship with morality.
Unlike criminal law, these laws can only be judged by morality. Therefore, in this respect, the scope of legal adjustment is wider than morality.