Professor Xie Yufeng said in "Three Hundred Poems of Yuan Dynasty": "Qu" is indefinite and free; The word "Zi" has a definite style and strict norms. It is also said that Ren Ne, the earliest editor of "Three Hundred Yuan Songs", tasted the cloud in "General Theory of Ci and Qu": "Words are quiet and moving, words are gathered and curved, words are vertical and curved, words are masculine and masculine, words are graceful and restrained, and other styles are unrestrained; The songs are mainly bold and unconstrained, and other styles are graceful. "
Mr. Wang Li (1900— 1986), the author of Qu, is a linguist in China. He studied at the China Institute in Tsinghua University, studied under Liang Qichao, Wang Guowei and Zhao Yuanren, and was a doctor of literature at the University of Paris. After returning to China, he worked as a professor in Tsinghua University, Guangxi University, National Southwest Associated University, Sun Yat-sen University, Lingnan University and Peking University. This is what he said:
From the essence of poetry, the difference between words and songs lies in:
1, the words and sentences of the words are certain; The number of words in a song is not necessarily, and even in some tunes, it is ok to add sentences.
2. Rhyme roughly conforms to poetic rhyme; Qu Yun has another rhyme.
3, the word has four tones; The entrance to Beiqu was cancelled. Go in. Go in three times.
I think this passage can best explain the relationship between "Song Ci" and "Yuan Qu":
As far as the essence of poetry is concerned, qu is really a word, which is a poem in traditional Chinese opera in zaju and legend. After that, Ci is a kind of poetry, so zaju and legend are also a kind of poetic drama. As far as Sanqu is concerned, the boundary between Qu and Ci is even more difficult to distinguish. It's just that we distinguish songs from words by their different rhymes. In fact, the actual spoken language in Yuan Dynasty is far from the pronunciation in Tang Dynasty, so composers have to adapt to the natural trend and change the rhyme category of songs. Strictly speaking, in the essence of poetry, phonology cannot be said to have a great relationship. Then, the biggest difference between words and songs lies in the presence or absence of interlayer.
Mr. Wang Li gave an example to illustrate the difference between words and songs-between lines. For example, the first sentence in the inscriptions Niannujiao and Niannujiao Shicheng written by Sadula: "Above the Shicheng, the sky is low, and Wu Chu's eyes are empty." The first sentence in Zheng Dehui's Qu and Nian Nu Jiao Chu reads: "Birds fly in fright, red leaves fall and rouge falls." The word "jump" here is mezzanine.
To sum up, I can answer this question like this:
Song Ci and Yuan Qu are both poems. But the difference is that Song Ci was originally composed with music, and then there was no music at all. Yuanqu can be performed and sung. Song Ci is strict, Yuan Qu is free. In order to express completely, interlining can be added.