In study and work, many people have had the experience of writing papers and are familiar with them. Thesis is a tool for academic communication. So how to write a good paper? The following is the paper I collected for you on the impact of low-carbon economy on export trade and its countermeasures, for reference only. Let's have a look.

abstract:

Low-carbon economy has become a new trend of world economic development, and developing low-carbon economy is an important opportunity for Ningxia to optimize its foreign trade structure. Combined with the development status of Ningxia's export trade, this paper analyzes the influence of low-carbon economy on Ningxia's export trade, and puts forward the following suggestions: optimizing industrial structure and energy structure, changing the growth mode of export trade; Accelerate the development of characteristic and advantageous agriculture; Actively explore diversified export markets.

Key words:

Low carbon economy; Ningxia Autonomous Region; export trade

In recent years, with the rapid development of the world economy, a lot of fossil energy has been used in industrial activities, and a lot of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide have been discharged into the air. The greenhouse effect is remarkable, which seriously threatens the survival of people all over the world and hinders the sustainable development of the "global village". It is an irresistible trend for the global economy to transform into a low-carbon development model. Ningxia, as a region with large space for foreign trade development, it is imperative to develop "low carbon".

First, the analysis of Ningxia's export trade under the background of low-carbon economy

(1) The export scale continues to expand, and the ability to resist risks is still weak.

In recent years, the conditions for developing foreign trade in Ningxia Autonomous Region have gradually improved. After the Twelfth Five-Year Plan put forward "expanding inland opening and speeding up border opening", Ningxia was allowed to set up a national inland open economic experimental zone. Whether by virtue of its own geographical advantages or the historical accumulation of the Silk Road here, Ningxia will become an important region for the country's strategic decision of "opening to the west" and a transit station for expanding strategic space in the construction of the Silk Road Economic Belt. After long-term development, Ningxia's foreign trade has shown a rapid growth momentum from 20 1 1 to 20 14. The export trade volume increased from115.99 million dollars in 20 14 to 4.302 billion dollars in 20 14, with an average annual growth of 3.02 billion dollars. Affected by weak competitive advantage, fragile export-oriented economy, weak ability to resist market risks, and severe shrinking demand in the international market, Ningxia's export trade was greatly impacted in 20 15, with a large decline. The total import and export volume for the whole year was $37.9/kloc-0.0 billion, down 30.3% year-on-year. Among them, exports were 2.976 billion US dollars, down 30.8% year-on-year; Imports were $8140,000, down 28 1% year-on-year.

(2) The mode of trade is mainly general trade, and the share of processing trade is small.

In recent years, Ningxia's trade mode is mainly general trade. Although the growth rate of processing trade is higher than that of general trade, its proportion is still small. Taking 20 15 as an example, the import and export volume of general trade was 2.87 billion US dollars, down 25% year-on-year. Among them, exports were 256,543.8 billion US dollars, down 24.3% year-on-year; Imports were US$ 360 million, down 29.8% year-on-year. The import and export volume of processing trade was US$ 6,543.8+US$ 0.4 billion, up 40% year-on-year, accounting for 4.4% of the total import and export volume of the whole region. Among them, the export was 75.88 million US dollars, up 65.438+0.37 1% year-on-year, accounting for 2.9% of the total export of the whole region; Imports reached US$ 63.47 million, down 9.5% year-on-year, the first negative growth in recent years, accounting for 1 1.5% of the total imports in the region (see Table 2).

(3) The export commodities are mainly industrial products with high carbon resources, and the advantages of agricultural characteristic industries have not been fully exerted.

The structure of foreign trade import and export products in Ningxia Autonomous Region consists of agricultural and sideline products, textile products, electromechanical products, high-tech products and metallurgical products. Among the exported industrial and mining products, ferrosilicon and magnesium are the main resources, most of which are intermediate products of processing and manufacturing, and there are few high-end technology products with high added value. In 20 15, the export value of key monitored export commodities in Ningxia was 740 million USD, down 6.3% year-on-year. Among them, resource products continued to decline, and the export values of magnesium metal, silicon carbide, carburizing agent and activated carbon were US$ 4.84 million, US$ 65.43.8+0.608 million, US$ 65.43.8+0.92 million and US$ 43.28 million respectively, down by 74.3%, 47. 1%, 74.3% and 23.3% respectively. The export situation of cashmere yarn, tylosin, machine tools, castings and tires is good, with the export value of $9 1.33 million, $87.94 million, $75.48 million and 1.6 1.40 million respectively, up by 20.6% and1respectively. The Development Plan of Agricultural Characteristic Advantage Industries in Ningxia (2008-20 12) proposes that five strategic leading industries, namely Lycium barbarum, Muslim beef and mutton, milk, potatoes and melons and vegetables, six regional characteristic advantage industries, namely, high-quality grain, freshwater fish, grapes, red dates, high-quality pasture and crops, and two local characteristic industries, namely, apples and Chinese herbal medicines, will be promoted to form/KLOC-. However, in recent years, the export commodities are still mainly resource commodities such as ferrosilicon, magnesium metal, tantalum and niobium products, and the planned characteristic industries are not reflected. Ningxia has great export potential for developing characteristic agricultural products.

Exports to traditional markets and emerging markets are on a downward trend, while exports to a few markets have maintained steady growth.

With the continuous development of foreign trade in Ningxia Autonomous Region, goods are exported to many areas in Asia, America and Africa. Taking 20 15 as an example, Ningxia's exports to traditional markets such as Asia, Europe and Africa were 142 billion US dollars, 470 million US dollars and13 billion US dollars, respectively, down by 30.3%, 10.4% and 42.8% year-on-year. Despite the continuous expansion of emerging markets, Ningxia's exports to the United Arab Emirates, India, Malaysia, Indonesia, Cambodia and other emerging markets decreased by 73.4%, 29.9%, 19.9%, 4 1.9% and 7.0% respectively, but only South Korea, Vietnam, Hong Kong and Macao maintained growth.

Second, the impact of low-carbon economy on export trade in Ningxia

(1) The cost of export products increases and the competitiveness of export products decreases.

The products exported by Ningxia Autonomous Region are mainly carbon-intensive industrial products such as mechanical and electrical products, resources and textiles, which are far from the new requirements of international trade under the background of low-carbon economy. In order to reduce costs, in the manufacturing process, most enterprises use relatively low-cost energy and materials to win by quantity in export, while "low carbon" will force enterprises to use clean energy, adopt high-tech technology and develop high-tech, which will inevitably greatly increase costs, thus reducing the competitiveness of Ningxia's export products.

(2) It is more difficult to open up the export market.

The export market of Ningxia Autonomous Region is relatively concentrated, and the top countries are the United States, United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Germany and Japan. It can be seen that Ningxia's export market is mainly concentrated in western developed countries and newly industrialized countries. These countries and regions have a high level of science and technology and have absolute advantages in developing low-carbon economy. As a province with a small share of export trade, Ningxia Autonomous Region is at a passive disadvantage in foreign trade. Developed countries implement harsh low-carbon rules and strict trade protection policies through legislation and other means, which will inevitably hinder the export trade of Ningxia Autonomous Region.

(C) Low-carbon trade barriers will become a new obstacle to export trade

The export market of Ningxia Autonomous Region is very concentrated, and the excessive dependence on the markets of developed countries and newly industrialized countries increases the risk and instability of its foreign trade. Developed countries carry out trade protectionism on the grounds of protecting the environment and emphasizing energy conservation and emission reduction, which will make Ningxia Autonomous Region's export trade face new trade barriers.

Third, Ningxia's development of "low-carbon" export trade countermeasures and suggestions

(1) Optimize the industrial structure and energy structure and change the growth mode of export trade.

Judging from the commodity export structure of Ningxia Autonomous Region, the whole region is good at manufacturing, mainly labor-intensive and resource-intensive, and the technical content, environmental protection standards and added value of export products are very low. To develop a low-carbon economy, we must actively and effectively upgrade the industrial structure and constantly improve and optimize the import and export trade structure. It is necessary to transform traditional export products with high-tech and low-carbon technologies, reduce the export of high-pollution primary products and finished products, comprehensively apply fiscal, financial and industrial policies, strictly control industries with high energy consumption and high pollution, promote energy conservation and emission reduction, prevent and control environmental pollution, and promote the coordinated development of energy and environment. At the same time, efforts should be made to develop new energy sources, reduce the development and utilization of "high-carbon" energy sources, improve the energy utilization rate, rationally adjust the energy structure, develop alternative energy sources, and reduce the cost of export trade in order to cope with the impact of low-carbon economic conditions on the export trade of the whole region.

(2) Accelerate the development of agriculture with distinctive advantages.

According to the requirements of the development of modern agriculture, we should develop characteristic and advantageous agriculture, vigorously develop high-quality grain, medlar, wine grapes, dairy products, Muslim beef and mutton, potatoes, aquatic products, fruits and vegetables and other characteristic agricultural products, make a fuss about brand, green and Muslim, enlarge and strengthen advantageous industries, and build an industrial cluster with characteristic and advantageous agriculture in Ningxia.

(3) Actively explore diversified export markets.

The transformation, research and development of low-carbon economy and the application of new technologies are a long-term process. While consolidating and expanding the traditional market, Ningxia Autonomous Region's export trade should pay more attention to and actively expand the emerging markets such as CIS, Eastern Europe, Latin America and Africa, open up the markets of free trade areas such as ASEAN, and promote market diversification, so as to reduce the risks brought by low-carbon trade barriers in developed countries.

[References]

You're Xiong Jian. The influence of low-carbon economy on Guangdong's export trade and its countermeasures [N]. Journal of Shunde Vocational and Technical College, 20 14 (1): 82-83.

[2] Wu Sufang. Development of Ningxia's import and export trade under the new starting point of China-Arab Expo [J]. Foreign Economic and Trade Practice 20 14 (8): 52-53. [3] Zhan Jing. The influence of low-carbon economy on Hengyang's export trade and its countermeasures [N]. Journal of South China University, 20 12 (4).

Further reading

Thesis writing process

1, topic selection.

Determining the topic is to determine the research topic (that is, the topic of the paper), which is the first step in writing a good paper. It decides what to write, how to write it and whether it is good or not. If the topic is right, the paper will be written easily, quickly and well; Otherwise, the situation will be counterproductive.

What is the principle of choosing a topic?

(1) Select topics with research value;

(2) Choose subjects that you are capable of completing;

(3) The topic should be small but not big.

What are the methods of selecting topics?

(1) Determine the topic under the guidance of the tutor;

(2) Obtaining the selected theme from the collected and read materials;

(3) Looking for topics from social practice and scientific practice;

(4) Get the topic from studious thinking.

2. Collection and selection of reference materials.

Writing a thesis is the reprocessing of scientific and technological information. Whether we can make full use of the existing research literature will determine the quality of topic selection, scientific research and thesis writing.

How to sort out the collected literature? The collected literature information needs to be sorted out as a reference and basis for writing a paper.

(1) for classification and screening. Classify the collected documents, concentrate or separate the useful materials according to their similarities and differences, and eliminate the useless or useless materials at the same time.

(2) Read and study materials, and identify the novelty and applicability of materials and data. Through orderly sorting, extracting and making cards, special folders are set up in the computer to establish reference files.

(3) According to the collected literature, reconsider the original topic selection, paper writing plan and outline, and get inspiration and basis from the references, so as to modify the topic selection, supplement the writing plan, refine the paper outline and start writing the paper.

3. Write a paper opening report.

(1) Outline of the proposed document

(2) Writing references

(3) the progress of thesis writing

4. Write the text of the paper.

(1) Organize the full text of the paper according to the proposed topic outline and the selected documents.

(2) Pay attention to the paper format

Thank you for writing a paper.

5, thesis defense (graduation thesis)

Graduation thesis defense is an important form of organized, prepared, planned and evaluated papers. In order to do a good job in the defense of graduation thesis, the school, the defense Committee and the respondent (the author who wrote the graduation thesis) should make full preparations before the defense meeting.

At the defense meeting, the examiner should try his best to find out whether the level shown in the paper is true or not. Students should not only prove that their arguments are right, but also prove that the teacher is wrong.

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