Keywords: college students; Adventure Island Phenomenon: Moral Quality: Education
First, college students' "adventure island" phenomenon
Starting from 1999, China's colleges and universities began to expand the enrollment scale, and the total number of college students nationwide reached1530,000, an increase of 450,000 over the previous year. In 2003, the total number of college students in China reached 3.822 million, and in 2007 it reached 5 million. In 2008, 5.99 million college students were enrolled. At the same time, 30% ~ 50% of college graduates in China can't find jobs, that is, the phenomenon of "adventure island" appears, and the employment situation of college graduates is becoming increasingly severe. But with this phenomenon, almost every company that is busy recruiting people is complaining that it can't recruit suitable employees.
Faced with such a problem, we can't help asking why many enterprises need new people, and why it is difficult for college graduates to find jobs. To understand this problem, let's first look at the unemployment types of college graduates.
(1) Voluntary unemployment
Many college graduates are not unable to find jobs, but voluntarily give up employment opportunities. They either think that their salary is too low or that their work is too hard, so they voluntarily stay at home and don't go to work. Food, clothing, housing and transportation depend on parents. This is also the "old man" or "old man" often mentioned in society. Most of these "neets" are very picky when they are employed. They think they don't do this, they don't do this. They can only be unemployed and idle at home.
(b) Entrepreneurship replaces unemployment
Because college students spend their parents' money at school, they have developed extravagant consumption habits. After graduating from college, they want to find a job, but they feel that the salary is too low and the money they earn is not enough to support themselves. Under such circumstances, they choose to start their own businesses. There are also some college students who start businesses because they can't find jobs after graduation. However, there are many entrepreneurs and few successful ones, so after the failure of entrepreneurship, these college graduates have re-entered the unemployed army.
Passive unemployment
Some college graduates found jobs, but because of their own professional ethics defects, they were smashed into jobs, making "the unemployed unemployed unemployed." Such examples can be said to be common in all walks of life. A study in the United States shows that among the reasons why employees are dismissed by enterprises, none of the top ten reasons are related to work ability, but they are all related to professional ethics, such as service attitude, responsibility and professionalism. A field survey of 10 enterprises in six industries (IT, hotels, household appliances, logistics, banking and chemical industry) in Shanghai shows that most enterprises attach great importance to employees' professional ethics and regard personality, professionalism and sense of responsibility as prerequisites for hiring employees.
On the one hand, college graduates don't like hard work, tiredness, low salary and high ambition; On the other hand, the demand of enterprises for talents is no longer limited to grades, and the ability is not necessarily the first. Now employers are looking for competent, dedicated, hard-working, honest and responsible people. This change in supply and demand structure will inevitably lead to the phenomenon of "adventure island" among college students.
Second, the deep-seated reasons for the phenomenon of college students' "adventure island".
After 1999, most college students are born in 1980s. For these people, the society is used to calling them "post-80s" and "post-90s". According to the statistical yearbook of China, about 204 million people were born in China from 1980 to 1989. Even excluding those who died in the middle, there are about 200 million people born after 1980. At present, some "post-80s" (people born in 1980 ~ 1985) have graduated, while others (people born in 1986- 1989) will soon graduate, and "post-90s" will soon enter universities. These people have received a good and long-term formal education, and their knowledge level is getting higher and higher. They will become rich young labor resources in China and provide great impetus for China's economic development.
Liang Qichao wrote in On young chinese: "The wisdom of teenagers is the wisdom of the country, the wealth of teenagers is the wealth of the country, the strength of teenagers is the independence of the country, the freedom of teenagers is the freedom of the country, and the progress of teenagers is the progress of the country. Teenagers are superior to Europe, teenagers are superior to the earth, and countries are superior to the earth." Teenagers represent the future of a country. They are the backbone of the country's future economic and social development. Therefore, it is very important to improve teenagers' knowledge level, labor level and creativity.
However, the phenomenon of "adventure island" among college students began to make more and more people worry about China's economy. The current phenomenon of "adventure island" has shown that young people born in 1980s or even 1990s have a series of problems: the moral level drops, the fighting spirit disappears, the fighting will drops, and so on. This will become a huge hidden cost in economic development.
Such serious consequences have prompted everyone to think about such a question: What happened to the young people born after 1980s or even 1990s? In fact, it boils down to one point, which is the lack of moral quality. However, there are many reasons for the lack of moral quality of these young people.
(A) the influence of mass media
Mass media, from newspapers, radio, film and television to the Internet, integrates watching, listening, speaking, moving and playing, and the information it spreads can be accepted by audiences with different educational levels, breaking through the influence of literacy rate on audience size; It also has the characteristics of virtuality, interactivity, openness, autonomy and creativity, which makes thousands of people, especially teenagers who are willing to accept new things, become recipients of mass media in a short time.
Compared with people born in the 1950s and 1970s, young people born in the 1980s or even 1990s grew up in a special environment. Most post-80s generation grew up with TV sets and game consoles, while post-90s generation grew up on the Internet. Television, game consoles and the Internet have a great and bad influence on this generation. Before the 1980s, our society had a stable social structure, hierarchical order and a unified value system, and there was a high degree of consistency among mass media, social propaganda and school education. However, since 1980s, our society has been in a transitional stage, from traditional society to mass society. In this transformation, the mass media has had a great influence on the moral education of teenagers, and media public opinion has become the main form of public opinion communication; Moreover, people's ideological and moral concepts have also changed in the transformation. Mass media has a great influence on teenagers to establish new values, judge right and wrong standards and accurately locate their lives.
According to the statistics of China Juvenile Delinquency Research Association in 2007, the phenomenon of juvenile delinquency is on the rise in recent years. Juvenile delinquency accounts for more than 70% of the total number of criminal offences in China, among which juvenile delinquency aged 15 and 16 accounts for more than 70% of the total number of juvenile crimes. Judging from the situation of juvenile delinquency in China in recent years, it shows the characteristics of younger crime, more collective crimes by students at school, more violent robbery crimes, adult crime methods, ferocious and scientific means of committing crimes. The reason is mainly influenced by TV, movies and network violence, which forms the so-called "new youth violence culture".
(B) the impact of social and moral environment
China is now in an era of active thinking, collision of ideas and great cultural integration. Building a harmonious culture has promoted the development of the socialist core value system and mainstream ideology, and laid a solid ideological foundation for the ideological and moral construction of young people. At the same time, advanced culture and beneficial culture coexist with backward and decadent culture. Right thoughts and wrong thoughts, mainstream ideology and non-mainstream ideology are intertwined. Some unfair phenomena, lack of honesty, abuse of power for personal gain and corruption, money worship and hedonism have a great influence on college students' outlook on life and values, leading to a guiding deviation in dealing with the relationship between individuals, individuals and collectives, and individuals and society. We can see that there are many reasons for the phenomenon of "adventure island" among college students. Career ideal, outlook on life, outlook on employment, outlook on entrepreneurship and quality of honesty are all important factors affecting college students' employment, and ideological and moral quality is in the soul and core position. Good ideological and moral quality can make college students keep a clear head in the face of complex social environment; Noble ideological and moral quality can make college students adjust the relationship between individuals, individuals and collectives, individuals and society, and establish a high sense of responsibility. Therefore, strengthening ideological and moral quality education and moral practice in colleges and universities is of great significance to the employment of fire-fighting college students.
With the development of the times and the complexity and individualization of educational objects, moral education in colleges and universities should also keep pace with the times, add new contents, explore new ways, and develop a moral quality education model with the times, pertinence, reality and practicality.
First, change the concept of education. Higher education cannot unilaterally require students to learn scientific knowledge corresponding to their majors, but should focus on promoting students' all-round development and quality education. In other words, to make students "learn to learn", "learn to create" and "learn to care", we should not only let students learn to increase their knowledge, develop their creative and practical abilities, but also let them learn to be human beings, and let them have noble moral consciousness and collective consciousness, not only caring about their own growth, but also caring about their families and others.
Secondly, pay attention to students' mental health education. The survey shows that when answering the most distressing questions in college life, the top three answers are employment pressure (62.08%), study pressure (50.28%) and economic difficulties (35.69%) in turn. The ideological burden brought to college students by academic, employment and economic pressures has seriously affected their psychological healthy growth, leading to the low psychological quality of college students. Such college students will also lack good adaptability when they enter the society. Therefore, schools should attach importance to students' mental health education. Under the condition of ensuring students' normal study, mental health education should be incorporated into college students' daily ideological and moral education to help students get rid of confusion, improve their emotional intelligence and make them respond appropriately when facing setbacks and opportunities. Recognize right and wrong, adhere to the correct position, keep a clear head, and establish a correct world outlook, outlook on life and values.
Third, strengthen the quality education of students' professional ethics. With the development of the times, the content of students' moral quality education should be continuously enriched. For college students, it is particularly important to pay attention to their professional ethics education. In today's society, people change jobs more and more frequently, seeking better development opportunities and living conditions for themselves, and at the same time bringing huge invisible costs to enterprises and society. On this issue, schools should pay attention to infiltrating moral quality education into all disciplines. For example, students are required to study and study any major from the perspective of history, society and ethics. The relationship between professional ethics and professional courses is just like the relationship between salt and soup. If professional ethics is not added to the teaching of professional courses, such professional courses are also unsuccessful.
Finally, encourage students to participate in social practice and cultivate moral sentiments. Schools should encourage students to go out of the campus, participate in social practice and social investigation, understand the scientific and technological trends and social market demand, go deep into reality, get in touch with society and understand society. Through social practice activities such as work-study program, social investigation, practical exercise and young volunteers, while students' innovative spirit and practical ability are tempered and improved, students' collectivism and patriotism are also sublimated in these activities, which further strengthens students' sense of responsibility, mission and obligation and cultivates students' moral sentiments. The United States attaches great importance to organizing students to participate in extracurricular activities and social services, so that students can form moral understanding, improve their sense of moral responsibility and cultivate their moral feelings in practice.
By strengthening students' moral quality education, school education has changed from "score-only theory" to the track of cultivating students' quality in an all-round way, which has built an overpass for students' all-round development and realized the docking of school education and market demand. Make students not only have excellent professional foundation, but also have perfect personality, which is embodied in: team spirit and cooperation consciousness; Have a strong sense of professionalism and responsibility; Have the spirit of hard struggle and pragmatic style; Pay attention to honesty and so on. Only by realizing this change can we solve the employment problem of college graduates and gradually improve the phenomenon of "adventure island" among college students.