The videos of popcorn popping online are all fake, and scientists have done experiments. . .

Mobile phone radiation: Who is diluting the potential risks Editor's note

Is cell phone radiation harmful to human body? How to determine its radiation standard? The degree of radiation can affect the sales of mobile phones. In this regard, the marathon debate has never stopped. It can be said that any conclusion will impact the huge mobile phone industry in China. According to statistics, there are currently 3,575,438+01100 million mobile phone users in China, which will reach 500 million in 2008. Naturally, the above inconclusive topics are also closely related to the 350 million mobile phone users. Recently, it is rumored that the "Exposure Limits and Measurement Methods of Electromagnetic Radiation" (draft) that has been shelved for a long time will be published before the end of the year. To this end, this newspaper specially organized a series of reports to discuss these issues related to manufacturers and consumers in depth.

"If no measures are taken, most diseases in hospitals in the future may be related to radiation." 10 year1at noon on October 20th, the sun shone into the laboratory through the window. Di Guoqing stood. His serious expression implied worry.

Di Guoqing, doctoral supervisor of School of Physical Science and Technology of Suzhou University and visiting researcher of Shanghai Institute of Microsystems and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. He graduated from Nagoya University in Japan with a doctor's degree in engineering. In recent years, he began to pay attention to the topic of radiation, especially the radiation caused by using mobile phones.

"I asked students not to use mobile phones, and I was useless myself. If they have to use it in life, I suggest they wear headphones. " Di said. Different from some experts in the communication industry, Di is more worried about the risks brought by using mobile phones, "because in terms of electromagnetic waves affecting the activities of biological cells, mobile phones will exceed other radiations by ten million times".

Radiation invaded our bodies.

"When making a phone call, people's eyeballs are equivalent to receiving antennas, and they absorb as much as they can."

"Microwave radiation produces thermal effects and destroys brain cells, which is equivalent to' cooking' the brain."

Professor Di, who is proficient in electromagnetic radiation, has a deeper understanding of the potential impact of radiation sources such as mobile phones on life than others. "Electromagnetic radiation, can produce thermal effect. When the human body is irradiated by electromagnetic waves, the first reaction is fever, which will destroy the cells and tissues of the body. " Di said.

It is understood that living in an electronic environment, this kind of electromagnetic radiation affects our bodies all the time. When we make a phone call with a mobile phone, the audio signal is converted into a high-frequency phone number through the mobile phone, and then it is emitted in the form of electromagnetic waves through the antenna. At this time, strong electromagnetic radiation will be generated near the mobile phone. Even if we don't call ourselves, it's hard to avoid being affected by radiation. Radiation is quietly absorbed by our bodies.

"When making a phone call, people's eyeballs are equivalent to receiving antennas, and they absorb as much as they can." Di Guoqing described. According to him, when we put the mobile phone to our ear to make a phone call, electromagnetic waves began to radiate to our faces. Inevitably, some electromagnetic waves began to enter our brains. In our brain, different parts have different reactions to electromagnetic waves. The eyeball absorbs electromagnetic waves more easily and has poor heat dissipation function, which is easy to cause diseases such as cataracts.

Di's statement was confirmed by Israeli researchers. Researchers from Israel Institute of Science and Technology chose male calves with similar structures to human eyes for experiments. After two weeks, it was found that the focusing ability of the lens exposed to microwave radiation would be weakened, and the damage of the lens would gradually recover after stopping exposure. But also lead to the formation of bubbles in the lens tissue, and the bubbles will not disappear with time. In August this year, the team announced the research results, saying that long-term exposure to mobile phone microwave radiation will lead to cataracts and other precursors in eye tissues and interfere with focusing ability.

"Microwave radiation produces thermal effects and destroys brain cells, which is equivalent to' cooking' the brain." Professor Li Anmin, director of neurosurgery department of 304 Hospital of Beijing People's Liberation Army, said. According to him, there are many severe cases caused by mobile phone radiation abroad, and few cases have been found in China at present, mainly because they are not aware of this problem. Even if there are similar patients, most hospitals will not think it is a mobile phone problem. "Brain tumors caused by cell phone radiation are all malignant."

In order to avoid the radiation of mobile phones, Professor Li Anmin suggested that people who use mobile phones should not be eager to get close to their ears when dialing and transmitting, and then get close to their ears when connecting with the dialogue party, so as to reduce the high-intensity electromagnetic radiation generated by mobile phones when transmitting on the Internet; To minimize the frequency of using mobile phones, if there is a landline, try to use a desktop phone; It is best to use a mobile phone headset with a shielded wire; It is best not to put your mobile phone in your chest pocket or hang it around your waist.

It is understood that the working frequency of mobile phones is mostly above 900 MHz, and the dual frequency is mostly at 1800 MHz. At present, SAR(Specificn Absorption Rate) is adopted internationally to measure the amount of radiation absorbed by organisms per unit kilogram. SAR is the most direct test value, and the lower it is, the less radiation it absorbs. The standard of SAR value specified by ICNIRP is 2W (Watt), which has been adopted by most European countries, and the United States is1.6w.. China's current standards are still under discussion.

From neurasthenia to malignant brain tumor?

After repeated diagnosis, Li and his colleagues decided that this is a rare glioblastoma in clinic, which is related to the long-term high-frequency use of mobile phones by patients. This is the first case of malignant tumor suspected to be related to mobile phone radiation reported in China.

In addition to critically ill patients, electromagnetic radiation from mobile phones can cause neurasthenia, palpitation, chest tightness, dizziness, listlessness and other diseases.

As an expert in neurosurgery, Professor Li Anmin once witnessed a patient's whole process from brain tumor to death. At the end of 2000, a patient with a large area of glioblastoma in the left hemisphere was admitted to Li's department. The patient was misdiagnosed as cerebral infarction in several major hospitals in China. After repeated diagnosis, Li and his colleagues decided that this is a rare glioblastoma in clinic, which is related to the long-term high-frequency use of mobile phones by patients.

According to Li, there are three reasons for this conclusion: the shape of the tumor, the common clinical glioma proliferation center is a lump, which infiltrates and grows into the surrounding normal brain tissue like a crab's claw, while the tumor of this patient is diffuse and scattered, and the surrounding boundary is unclear; The tumor of this patient occurred at the junction of temporoparietal pillow, which is extremely rare in clinic. The patient used his mobile phone for 8 years and was used to answering the phone with his left hand. The tumor area is on the left side of his head, which happens to be the radiation area of the mobile phone antenna.

After the diagnosis, Li and his colleagues operated on the patient. Unfortunately, due to the spread of cancer cells, patients failed to save their lives. At that time, after the case was reported by the media, it caused an uproar in the country. This is the first case of malignant tumor suspected to be related to mobile phone radiation reported in China.

This is not an isolated case. The reporter learned from an industry insider that there were similar cases before. Compared with the case of 304 Hospital, it was just not exposed by the media. The symptoms of the case are similar to those of the 304 hospital. The patient is used to using his right hand, so the brain tumor is on the right side of the temple. This patient has always been in good health, but he used his mobile phone for 7-8 hours every day and suffered from brain tumor for more than a year.

"In addition to critically ill patients, the electromagnetic radiation of mobile phones can also cause neurasthenia, palpitations, chest tightness, dizziness, listlessness and other diseases. There are countless such cases. " Li Anmin said. After all, cell phone radiation causes cancer, even if it is diagnosed, it is still a minority in the world.

Mr. Huang, the person in charge of a mobile phone radiation protection website, has been exposed to radiation. He had a mobile phone before 1999, and he spent a lot of time, spending him 1000 yuan a month. I often have a headache, like a cold, and my face is tight and uncomfortable. Can't sleep well at night. "Everyone is exposed to different degrees of mobile phone radiation, and the human body is sensitive and insensitive to mobile phone radiation. Sensitive feelings are very powerful, and insensitive ones are basically not felt. " He said.

"For men, don't put your mobile phone at your waist, because radiation will affect your fertility." Di Guoqing said. Coincidentally, the research report of Professor Zhang, an expert from Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, also confirmed Di Guoqing's statement.

Professor Zhang is the director of obstetrics and gynecology in Central South Hospital. At the beginning of this year, she published her three-year research achievement "The Effect of Mobile Phone Electromagnetic Radiation on Lactate Dehydrogenase Isozymes in Testis" in Journal of Wuhan University. This is a part of Hubei province's scientific and technological key project "the influence of electromagnetic radiation of mobile phones on reproductive health".

Bird Jane and her assistant conducted radiation experiments on 30 mice. The results showed that the electromagnetic radiation of mobile phone could reduce the activity of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme in testis, which may have reproductive toxicity. Her evidence is that "there is no significant difference in organ coefficient between testis and epididymis (P & gt0.05); The activity of LDH-X in1400μ w cm-2 radiation group decreased significantly (P

"Because of the lack of blood supply, the testis is one of the most sensitive organs to electromagnetic radiation, and studies have also confirmed that the thermal effect of electromagnetic radiation has more obvious damage to the reproductive system." Zhang said to him.

"There are many leukemias now, and people attribute the responsibility to formaldehyde. I think this may be related to the low-frequency sound waves emitted by mobile phones and base stations. " Di Guoqing said.

Professor Ri Zhang, an authoritative expert in hematology and deputy director of hematology department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University, found that his hospital was receiving more and more patients with hematological diseases. He believes that the increase in patients is closely related to environmental deterioration, including radiation factors. "I remember one of our scientists working in Xichang died of blood disease. Due to long-term radiation, his chromosome is broken and powdery. When I was doing isotope research in the United States, I hung up the monitoring sign. Once I exceeded the standard, I immediately went to test. " Ri Zhang said.

In September this year, the 12 research team from seven EU countries completed the "Effects of Electromagnetic Fields on Human Cells" in three years, which is the largest mobile phone radiation survey in the world. It is found that if the radiation dose per kilogram of mobile phone to human tissues is greater than 1.3W, it will destroy human DNA. Moreover, the electromagnetic field will cause the human body to produce a harmful protein, leading to changes in the genes of human blood cells. At present, this research achievement has attracted the attention of the World Health Organization. They said that the authoritative research report will be released within 3-4 years.

Is the mobile phone equipped with radiation protection accessories?

Although manufacturers unanimously claim that mobile phones are safe, no one publicly denies the correlation between mobile phones and health. "Now experts who say that mobile phone radiation does not affect health are all funded by manufacturers." Li Anmin said.

Corresponding to the research on radiation-induced diseases of mobile phones, there are endless comments and studies on the safety of mobile phones. In 2000, Australian scientists put forward the "heat shock" cancer theory, which was the first theory to link cell phone radiation with cancer. The following year, the American Cancer Society officially stated that since there is no ionizing radiation, the energy is very low, and the cell phone waves absorbed by human tissues will not cause cancer. And similar research reports have been published frequently.

The theory of mobile phone security is also recognized by many mobile phone manufacturers. The reporter called Siemens, Sony Ericsson, Samsung, Bird and other mobile phone manufacturers and got the same answer.

"Siemens' mobile phone has passed strict quality certification and will not cause any harm to the body. You can buy with confidence. " A person at Siemens customer service hotline (4008885656) said, "We sell so many mobile phones every year, and we haven't heard of any cases of getting sick because of using Siemens mobile phones. "

"Sony Ericsson's mobile phone meets both national standards and international standards. Although it is not clear whether other manufacturers' mobile phones are harmful to human health, it is certain that consumers can use Sony Ericsson's mobile phones with confidence. "Sony Ericsson customer service hotline (4008 100000) said," So far, there is no evidence that using mobile phones will cause harm to human body. "

Comparatively speaking, Samsung Customer Service (8008 105858) is a little cautious. After inquiring in detail about the Samsung mobile phone model used by the reporter, the staff verified it and told the reporter that there were no radiation parameters of the mobile phone. "There must be radiation in mobile phones, but when Samsung mobile phones leave the factory from Tianjin General Factory, they will undergo strict inspection and meet national standards, so they can be used with confidence."

The staff told the reporter that the Samsung mobile phone was equipped with anti-radiation accessories, but when the reporter asked about the details of the accessories, she said it was unclear and suggested that the reporter call the Samsung mobile phone repair station. Interestingly, when the reporter called the Samsung mobile phone repair station on Pudong Avenue in Shanghai, the staff of the station said that they had not received the notice from the headquarters and could not give a specific explanation. But as far as he knows, there is no radiation protection device inside Samsung mobile phone.

"Mobile phone radiation is definitely there, but the amount is very small and will not affect health. Bird mobile phone can get the network access license only after passing the test, which is safe. " A person from Bird Public Relations Department who asked not to be named said. According to her introduction, the radiation of block mobile phone antenna is smaller than that of column mobile phone antenna. At present, the middle and high-end products of waveguide mobile phones basically use block antennas. However, it is unrealistic that the waveguide mobile phone is not equipped with radiation protection devices, which will definitely affect the signal of the mobile phone. "Byrd has never received any complaints about physical discomfort caused by mobile phone radiation."

Although manufacturers unanimously claim that mobile phones are safe, no one publicly denies the correlation between mobile phones and health. Moreover, consumers have also shown an indifferent attitude towards this. Within 15 minutes from Shimen Road to Shanghai Science and Technology Museum Station, the reporter only saw one passenger using headphones. At the same time, the news department of China Consumers Association also told reporters that they have never received any complaints about the health effects of mobile phone radiation.

"Now experts who say that mobile phone radiation does not affect health are all funded by manufacturers." Li Anmin said that at present, China's restrictions on radiation are not strict, and compared with countries such as Britain and France, which have done better, the restrictions on radiation are almost five times. In order to prevent mobile phone radiation sickness, Britain, France and other countries stipulate that children under 13 are not allowed to use mobile phones. At present, there is also a lack of regulations on the distance between base stations and residential areas in China.

Germany suggested that the country should build as few base stations as possible and use alternative cables for long-term security. "Or, it will be safer to use cables, just a few, which has basically no effect on the human body. Large towers can be built in suburbs and cables can be installed in residential areas. This will not increase any cost, just add a small transmitting antenna and a wave switch. It costs much less than building a base station. "

Compared with Professor Di's suggestion of building fewer base stations, it may be an easier choice to modify the standard. The reporter learned from He Guili, director of the Tel laboratory of the Telecommunications Research Office of the Ministry of Information Industry, who participated in the standard formulation, that the long-delayed "Exposure Limits and Measurement Methods of Electromagnetic Radiation" (draft) has been written and may be officially promulgated at the end of this year. The focus of the debate is still "whether the peak radiation of mobile phones is set at 2.0 W/kg or 1.0 W/kg".

Some research reports on the harmlessness of mobile phones (related links)

A national study in Denmark, which lasted for 13 years, showed that the hypothesis that cell phone calls were related to brain tumors, leukemia and cancer was not established. It is understood that this result has tracked hundreds of thousands of local mobile phone users.

On June 65438+1October 65438+July 2003, Oppio University in Ku, Finland published a new research result, which showed that using mobile phones was harmless to people's health and would not induce cancer. The researchers first found no signs of tumor induced by cell phone radiation through mouse experiments.

In September 2004, the National Radiation Protection Bureaus of the five Nordic countries issued a joint statement, saying that there is no scientific evidence to prove that mobile phones are harmful to human health, but it is worth promoting to minimize exposure to radiation.