One, with a population of nearly 100 million, is spread all over the country and all over the world.

Where's Zugen? Some say Qinghe in Hebei, some say Taiyuan in Shanxi, and some say Puyang in Henan. In order to find out this problem, the association invited famous experts and scholars from inside and outside the province to hold two meetings.

origin

, conducted a field trip, mastered a lot of historical facts, and confirmed that the ancestor of Zhang in China was Hua Gong. Huigong's surname is in Diqiu (now Puyang, Henan), and Diqiu's surname is Zhang.

The earliest ancestral home, Zhang's surname originated in Puyang, and other places can only be Xizhi.

I. Historical Records and Pedigree Basis

We refer to Zhang's surname.

There are 17 records in the book. "Poetry" Day: "Wave like a bow and seek enemies." This is the earliest record of waving. history

"Day:" The Yellow Emperor lived in Xuanyuan Mountain and married.

Daughter, it's for

Became the princess of the Yellow Emperor, gave birth to two sons, and then the world: one day, it was for the sake of

Fall into the river; The second day is prosperous, and the number of houses is reduced.

. Changyi marriage

Female, Richang servant, born in Levin, born in Levin.

What? When the Yellow Emperor collapsed, Levin, the son of Sun Changyi, was buried in Qiao Shan.

Yes "Tang

《

Cloud: The Yellow Emperor

Born to wave, to bow straight, to watch the arc stars, starting from the system.

, the main worship arc star, because the surname is Zhang. Song Ouyang Xiu

premier

"God:" Zhang went out.

, Huangdi Zi

Qingyang wetland

Swing to the bow and start the system.

The child is surnamed Zhang. Rebuilding the Qing Dynasty and the Long Dynasty

Textual research on the origin of surnames: "Zhang Zi."

Give birth to Wu less.

Stone, also known as Qingyang, No.

Swing system

, the official name is Gong Zheng, the main worship arc star, the world is in charge of its duties, given the surname Zhang. "

As can be seen from the above documents, the surname is the ancestor of the Zhang family, except in the Song Dynasty.

Tongzhi thinks that Xie Zhang is the ancestor of Zhang's surname, and other history books are undoubtedly meaningful. However, Yao is the grandson of the Yellow Emperor or the son of the Yellow Emperor; Is the swing Qingyang, the son of Xuantao, or

The son of Qingyang, but there are differences. We believe that Hua is the grandson of the Yellow Emperor and the son of Qingyang. There are two reasons: ① The date of Mandarin: "All the twenty-five sons of the Yellow Emperor have fourteen surnames, which are twelve surnames, namely, Ji, You, Qi, Ji, Teng, Zhen, Ren, Xun, Gu, Yi and Yi." (Two of them are the same.

Both of them are their surnames). history

Notes, poetry books and

"And other files have the same record. There is no Zhang surname among the twelve surnames obtained by the son of the Yellow Emperor, which means that Zhang surname is not given by the Yellow Emperor, and Qi Huangong is not the son of the Yellow Emperor, but the grandson of the Yellow Emperor. Moreover,

Yes, dear.

, is contemporary. (2) The origin of contemporary famous nationalities.

Sir, textual research,

basis

, descendants of the yellow emperor Qingyang, also ruled out.

As the son of the Yellow Emperor, it is more credible to be the son of Qingyang, Xiao Xuan.

However, the question of "son or grandson of the Yellow Emperor" has been debated for thousands of years in history, and each has its own important literature basis; Swing life

It is normal that the history books of later generations are inconsistent and the times are controversial. Therefore, our attitude is: the two views should respect each other, tolerate each other, seek common ground while reserving differences, and no one can force anyone to change.

. We believe that over time, surnames

A deeper understanding will gradually unify.

Second, the ground observation and inspection

Why is Xiao Xuan called Qingyang? This is related to its fiefs. Since ancient times, China has always been "

For Yang. "Qingyang, that is, the sun of clear water (shared by Qing and ancient times), the ancient Qinghe River flows through Puyang.

《

"Day:" Qi Shuiguo

Nanwei

Some other time.

. Another day passed: "Qi Shui." ... it's yellow inside,

Suddenly, it polluted the people's river, so it was blasphemous. "Pre-Han Geography" Day: "The Qinghe River emerges.

South. "The above quotation shows that Guqinghe and

、

Different names for a river. 《

Article: "self-protection of cockroaches,

. When robbers came to trade silk, they came to me. As for Dunqiu, "gas-related" means "gas-related water" and "gas-related water" means "ancient Qinghe"; It was called Dunqiu in ancient times, in the west of Puyang today.

Within the territory. From this ancient poem, I also said

There is an ancient Qinghe River near the hill. Today Puyang city

The villagers in Banjia and Diandang still call the village in the north the North Qinghe and the village in the south the South Qinghe.

In the warring States period

Zhang yi

Up to now, there is still the site of Zhangyi Temple in the village. There are eight surnames in this village, including Zhang, Yin and Li. Only Zhang is an old resident, and the others are immigrants. According to "Li" in the twenty-fifth year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty

"including:" Li is not here.

All over the world,

for many years

move to

north

After that, since

Move to Qingyi

. The Genealogy of Yin Family continued in the Guangxu period of Qing Dynasty: "Yin lived in Shanxi.

In 2005, he moved to Zhangyi Village in Qingyi. "Why is this place called Qingyi? It must be related to the ancient Qinghe River flowing through this place, and it is probably the "Qingyang" of Xuantao's fief. Qingyi "still exists in the Ming dynasty, but it is no longer there today." According to the famous

The teacher said, "Diqiu (now Puyang) is here.

be

The transition zone between power and power of Huangdi clan. Therefore, the Yellow Emperor had to consolidate his tomb, so he sealed his son Xiao Xuan in Qingyang. "Therefore, zhang.

He lived in his father's fief in the upper reaches of the ancient Qinghe River since childhood, and assisted Diqiu when he was old.

. Because he is smart and brave, he makes great progress by watching arc stars at night, bending branches and strips, and then making bows and arrows.

The fighting capacity of the tribe. Bows and arrows are used for hunting, and the number of birds and animals hunted is unprecedented, which improves the living standard of the tribe; Used in war, defeat and

Dou Emperor

Tribe, make

The ruling territory is "as for the northern secluded mausoleum, there are ruins in the south, quicksand in the west and flat wood in the east". Because of his outstanding contribution to public affairs, Emperor Zhuan Xu named him Gong Zheng (also known as Zhang), which is in line with historical reality.

Some people say that there is more than one Qinghe River in China. Hebei, Shandong, Shanxi, Anhui and other provinces have Qinghe. How can we conclude that the ancient Qinghe River in Puyang is the location of Qingyang, a feudal city in Xuandao? This is because Puyang was called the Imperial Mountain in ancient times, and Zhuan Xu made its capital here. Since then, it has been the center of Puyang City.

The world is still engraved with the words "Zhuan Xu's Legacy Capital". Emperor Zhuan Xu,

After death, they are buried in Diqiu, today.

It still exists, which is not found in any Qinghe River. Therefore, only the ancient Qinghe River near Diqiu is the location of Qingyang, and it is also the city where Xiao Xuan was awarded the title of Qingyang.

Third, the research results of contemporary national history.

Mr. Wang's statement that he is the son of Xuanyao Qingyang is quite authoritative in today's historical circles, which provides an important basis for studying the origin of Zhang's surname. After years of research and textual research, Mr. Xie, a famous expert in national history, confirmed that Zhang was from Puyang. His research results are in 1994.

","Henan Radio and Television News "and other domestic and foreign newspapers.

exceed

It fully proves that Hua Gong is the ancestor of Zhang surname, which was obtained by inventing bows and arrows, and Zhang's ancestral home is Puyang, which is the origin of Zhang surname.

In addition, later generations also took characters as surnames, and some changed their surnames for various reasons. such as

One is Zhang Jie, and his name is Zhang Hou. He fought bravely in the Battle of Saddle in Jin Qi, with outstanding achievements. Later generations took the word as their surname and changed their surname to Zhang. During the Warring States Period, wei ren

In order to avoid the persecution of the enemy, he changed his name and surname, calling himself.

, west into the state of Qin, repeatedly advised the king of Qin, because of the work in the phase.

, originally named Nie. Leader of the Rebel Army in Bulake Mountain at the End of Han Dynasty

, originally named Chu. Another minority changed their surname to Zhang. In contemporary China, more than a dozen ethnic minorities, such as Hui, Man, Tibetan and Miao, are surnamed Zhang. But this is just a branch, a stream, not the source.

Fourth, Zhang's name is broadcast and moved.

Zhang (surname)

How did you go from Puyang, your surname, to the whole country and the world? This is a big topic, which can't be explained clearly in a short article. Now, according to our preliminary investigation, let's talk about our views.

Zhang (surname)

The first big broadcast action should be in

Period. At that time, the flood flooded and Puyang in the Central Plains was low-lying.

. In order to survive, the ancestors had to choose high-lying places to live, fled to nearby high hills or mountains, settled there, and then gradually moved to all parts of the country. The flood occurred during the reign of Emperor Zhuan Xu.

After Yao and Shun, it was just after playing the official that he got his surname. At first, Yao ordered

Gun water control, and have been to Puyang. Up to now, there are still "lost embankment" relics in Puyang. Mingjiajing

Chi "(Puyang people say in the Ming dynasty.

) Volume II, Song.

Mitty's Poetry Day: "

(now Puyang) Gundike is ancient, and fireworks have always been rare. The dike is sealed for a hundred miles, and there are more than ten thousand teeth ... "Unfortunately, the gun that once built a dike to control water in Puyang was not flat for nine years and was killed by Shun in Yushan. Straight-handed gun

. He led the people, opened mountains and rivers, and controlled water for thirteen years.

Finally, the water was leveled. this time

It has been treated for 22 years, forcing many people.

Escape from the flood. But to ask, which province and county did Zhang's ancestors flee to at that time? Because there is no conclusive basis, the author can't.

. But according to reading history, Emperor Zhuan Xu,

Its capital is Diqiu (now Puyang). Why did Emperor Yao move his capital to Pingyang (now Shanxi Province)?

Southwest) Why did Shun Di move its capital to Puban (now Shanxi Province)?

southwestward

)? Why did Dayu move his capital to?

(now Shanxi Province)

I'm afraid it's all related to this time.

Have a direct relationship. The topographical features of China are "high in the northwest and low in the southeast, ten miles away and three feet below". exist

In the new era, it is no wonder that Emperor Yao, Emperor Shun and Dayu all moved to Shanxi. Imagine,

The leaders and the capital have moved away,

Can we not follow? Therefore, it has been suffering from it.

Most Puyang people who fled the flood went west to Shaanxi, not Shanxi. At that time, it was more in line with the historical reality that Zhang's ancestors fled to Shanxi and other places from Diqiu (now Puyang) where they obtained their surnames, and then moved from Shanxi to other places, or moved back to their hometown Puyang.

Zhang's ancestors moved to Puyang for the second time in 132 BC (the third year of Han Yuanguang).

Breakage period. Since ancient times, people have loved their homes. After Dayu's flood control, some ancestors who fled to other places must have returned. After Xia, Shang, Zhou and Qin Dynasties, especially

Puyang area belongs to the country of Wei, and its economy and culture have developed by leaps and bounds. But in the Han Dynasty, Puyang people met the Yellow River again.

Sixteen counties, all to the east of Puyang, were flooded by the burst of banks.

It was flooded again for 22 years. Can people not eat or drink?

Really? Where are you going? In order to survive and escape from the flood, we had to take the old road and escape to the mountains or mountainous areas. Since then, there has been a new headstrong period (A.D. 1 1 year), and the Yellow River Autonomous Pavilion (now Puyang) has burst. This is the second time in history that the Yellow River has changed its course and has flowed in the counties east of Puyang for 59 years. In the tenth year of Xining in the Northern Song Dynasty, the Yellow River burst from Caocun village in Puyang, which was the third time in history that the Yellow River changed its course, covering 45 counties and flooding 300,000 hectares of civilian land. The recorded breach of Puyang Yellow River has reached 100 times, plus

、

, every time water.

Harm, all forced ancestors.

, fled to various places.

In addition to floods, war is another important reason for Zhang's repeated migration. Puyang is located in the Central Plains and has always been

Spring and Autumn

, Qin dynasty

And Xiang Yu

Cao Cao Lu Bu in Eastern Han Dynasty

Song Liao in Northern Song Dynasty

There have been many wars here, and each war forced our ancestors to move to the more stable south. According to Wang Daliang and Mr Meng's China

The book "Seeking Roots and Naming" records that due to the war, "Zhang's ancestors migrated from the Central Plains to the four directions, and there were several major trends. The first time was in

because

Coupled with years of war, the Central Plains region suffered serious damage, and Zhang's ancestors living here were forced to move south. The second time was at the end of the Western Jin Dynasty, when the armies of Xiongnu, Jie, Xianbei, Di and Qiang entered the Central Plains and destroyed the Han Dynasty.

The people of the Western Jin Dynasty, established in Luoyang, suffered greatly. The ancestors of the Zhang family in the Central Plains once again moved southward on a large scale, and some of them moved to the Northeast and

; The third time, nomads invaded the south, destroyed the Northern Song Dynasty regime with Kaifeng as its capital, and occupied the north and south of the Yellow River. The ancestors named Zhang here moved south again on a large scale and took refuge in Jiangnan. In addition to these three migrations, there are more small-scale migrations, which gradually spread Zhang's children all over the country. "