Self-employment is one of the important ways and means for college students to choose employment in the future, and entrepreneurship support policies are helpful to improve the success rate of self-employment. In recent years, Anhui Province has been strengthening the construction of innovative provinces and paying more attention to the policy of college students' self-employment.

Under the current situation, the employment situation of college students is grim, and the trend of diversification of employment channels for college students is increasingly obvious. It has been recognized that college students choose to start their own businesses. The scale and number of college students in Anhui province are increasing, and the employment pressure is increasing. Strengthen employment service guidance, promote innovation and entrepreneurship education, optimize support policies, effectively promote the employment of graduates, and accelerate the continuous growth of college students' entrepreneurial team. It is of practical significance to study the content, characteristics and implementation effect of college students' entrepreneurship policy.

First, the meaning of college students' entrepreneurship support policies

Self-employment is conducive to economic growth, employment and social harmony, and local governments attach great importance to and strengthen the formulation and implementation of effective entrepreneurship policies. In order to encourage college students, a special social group, to start their own businesses. The concept of college students' self-employment policy should be the system and measures formulated by the government to improve the entrepreneurial environment and support and encourage college students' entrepreneurship. This concept includes several points: first, this policy is specifically formulated for college students' entrepreneurship, not for other groups, and only college students can enjoy this policy; Second, this policy must be able to effectively improve the entrepreneurial environment of college students; Third, this policy must be able to support and encourage college students to start businesses. Only by providing a good entrepreneurial environment for college students can we truly achieve the purpose and effect of encouraging and supporting college students' entrepreneurship. The purpose of the government's policy on college students' entrepreneurship is to improve the rate of college students' entrepreneurship, promote employment through entrepreneurship and promote economic growth.

Second, Anhui University Students Entrepreneurship Support Policy Overview

Since the General Office of the State Council forwarded Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security's notice on guiding opinions on promoting employment through entrepreneurship in 20xx, the Anhui provincial government and municipalities have successively issued a series of preferential policies to encourage college students to start businesses.

Entrepreneurship education and training policy

Anhui province encourages colleges and universities to incorporate entrepreneurship education into the school reform and development plan, formulate special plans, and provide strong teaching guarantee. Colleges and universities should create conditions to offer the compulsory course "Entrepreneurship Foundation" for all students. Clear functional departments, responsible for studying and formulating entrepreneurship education teaching plans and related systems, and coordinating and organizing entrepreneurship education teaching in schools; According to the principle of combining full-time and part-time, according to the number of students and actual teaching tasks, the establishment of full-time teachers is reasonably approved, and full-time teachers with sufficient quantity and high quality are equipped. Major universities in Anhui Province have launched entrepreneurship training programs. The implementation of GYB (Entrepreneurship) and SYB (Entrepreneurship) projects has greatly popularized entrepreneurship education and training, with obvious effects.

(2) Tax and financing policies

Many cities in Anhui Province have introduced specific tax policies. Take Hefei, Wuhu, Maanshan and Tongling as examples: relax the field of entrepreneurship, and all kinds of entrepreneurs can enter all industries and fields that are not prohibited by laws and regulations and enjoy relevant preferential policies equally; For enterprises and individual industrial and commercial households that relax the registered title and bid according to law, the title of the city is not restricted by the registered capital, and the title of "Anhui" province is directly declared and approved by the Municipal Administration for Industry and Commerce; Relax the scope of preparatory business license. If the business scope of the enterprise applying for registration involves pre-administrative examination and approval, and it is temporarily unable to submit the examination and approval documents and certificates, the industrial and commercial authorities may mark the word "preparation" after changing the business scope and issue the preparatory business license; The registered capital of college students' entrepreneurship is "zero down payment". College graduates who invest to set up a limited liability company of less than 500,000 yuan within two years after graduation can register with "zero down payment" and pay their registered capital in full within three years from the date of establishment of the company; Clarify the registered proportion of non-monetary assets, allow investors to set up small and medium-sized enterprises at the price of non-monetary assets such as intellectual property rights and scientific and technological achievements, and the maximum contribution of intangible assets can reach 70% of the registered capital of enterprises; Exempt from administrative fees, and exempt all kinds of administrative fees related to management, registration and accreditation for college graduates, registered unemployed people and returning migrant workers; Clear entrepreneurial support groups, for college graduates and secondary vocational and technical school graduates, registered unemployed persons, returning migrant workers and other personnel who engage in self-employment according to law within two years after graduation, in addition to exempting relevant administrative fees, if the self-raised funds are insufficient, they can apply for a small secured loan of not more than 50,000 yuan; In line with the conditions of small-scale low-profit enterprises, enterprise income tax will be levied at a reduced rate of 20%, and a certain proportion of loan interest will be given according to regulations; Preferential policies to support entrepreneurship: (1) Non-formal employment organizations are exempted from industrial and commercial registration within three years: those who have been operating normally for more than 0/2 months and paid social insurance according to law will be given a one-time subsidy of 2,000 yuan/person for entrepreneurs and 4,000 yuan/person for those with employment difficulties; Entrepreneurial entities that recruit registered unemployed people, sign labor contracts for more than 1 year and pay social insurance premiums according to law will be given a one-time subsidy of 1500 yuan/person according to the number of people recruited, and a one-time subsidy of 2,000 yuan/person for those with employment difficulties; Preferential policies for the Pioneer Park: For those college graduates, secondary vocational and technical school graduates, registered unemployed persons, returning migrant workers, etc. who set up entities in accordance with the law within two years after graduation, in addition to the relevant administrative fees, they are also exempted from management fees such as property management fees and health fees, and the site fees are halved, and utilities are appropriately reduced. The reduced part is paid from the site fee paid by half. If the self-raised funds are insufficient, small secured loans can be provided; Recruit people with employment difficulties, sign labor contracts for more than one year and pay social security fees according to law, and give social security subsidies for the corresponding period; Recruit zero-employment family members in cities and towns, and give them a one-time employment reward; For low-profit enterprises that leave the park after the expiration of three years of cultivation, if they are in line with labor-intensive small enterprises, they can provide two small secured loans to support them; Preferential tax policies for college graduates and secondary vocational and technical school graduates to start businesses in Hefei within two years after graduation. For college graduates and secondary vocational and technical school graduates who come to Hefei to start businesses within two years, they are free of labor and personnel agency fees and enjoy joint services such as entrepreneurial projects, entrepreneurial training and information consultation. Entrepreneurial projects in line with the city to encourage the development of industrial fields, to give small secured loans and discount support. For college graduates who have graduated for two years, those who engage in self-employment according to law belong to self-employment.

Business tax, urban maintenance and construction tax, education surcharge and personal income tax shall be exempted within one year from the date of first registration by the administrative department; For college graduates and secondary vocational and technical school graduates who set up and lead scientific and technological enterprises in scientific and technological enterprise incubators created by governments at all levels and pioneer parks within two years after graduation, they are exempt from paying rent within three years; Engaged in community service industry and agriculture, according to the number of employed people, give special business subsidies.

Three, Anhui Province, college students entrepreneurship support policy evaluation and suggestions

In recent years, in order to encourage and guide college graduates to choose to start their own businesses, governments at all levels in Anhui Province have issued entrepreneurship support policies, which have played a positive role in improving the choice and success rate of starting their own businesses. The success rate of entrepreneurship in major universities has been greatly improved, and the atmosphere of college students choosing to start their own businesses has basically taken shape.

(a) Entrepreneurship support policies are systematic and obvious.

The policy of supporting college students' entrepreneurship in Anhui Province is systematic and complete. Entrepreneurship education policy, entrepreneurship tax policy, entrepreneurship financing policy and entrepreneurship service policy form a complete policy chain. First of all, entrepreneurs receive entrepreneurship education, fully stimulate entrepreneurial passion, improve entrepreneurial awareness and desire, and let the educated have entrepreneurial ideas; Secondly, through the popularization of entrepreneurship education, the promotion of entrepreneurship-related knowledge and the training of entrepreneurs' entrepreneurial skills, the entrepreneurial quality of potential entrepreneurs can be improved. Entrepreneurship tax policy opens up a green channel for college graduates to choose entrepreneurship, lowers the threshold for entering the field of self-employment, and reduces the economic cost of self-employment to some extent; Entrepreneurship financing policy provides financial support for college students who have just left school and provides necessary conditions for their independent entrepreneurship; Entrepreneurship service policy provides follow-up support and services for entrepreneurs, such as enterprise consulting services.

(B) entrepreneurship support policies have a wide coverage and great strength.

17 cities in Anhui province have introduced preferential policies to support college students' entrepreneurship. Hefei issued a document to encourage entrepreneurship to promote employment, and relaxed the entry threshold for entrepreneurship. It is stipulated that college graduates who invest less than 500,000 yuan within two years after graduation can register with "zero down payment" and pay the registered capital in full within three years from the date of establishment of the company. Wuhu Talent Exchange Service Center will provide free 2-year public services such as personnel agency, household registration, organizational relationship transfer, professional title evaluation and talent recruitment for college students' entrepreneurial enterprises. The subsidy object of entrepreneurship loan for college graduates in Tongling City is unemployed college graduates who leave school to start businesses in this city or other places. The subsidy implementation standard is individual entrepreneurship or partnership entrepreneurship of college graduates, and a one-time entrepreneurship subsidy of 2,000 yuan per person is given. "Angel Fund" is a scientific and technological innovation and entrepreneurship fund for college students approved by Bengbu Municipal Government.

(c) The entrepreneurial culture needs to be further strengthened.

The construction of entrepreneurial culture is helpful to improve the whole society's understanding of self-employment. In recent years, with the rapid growth of college students' scale and the difficulty of choosing non-autonomous entrepreneurship, the choice of college students' independent entrepreneurship has been gradually accepted and recognized by the society, but the degree of recognition is still not high. Through the investigation of the employment choice of the graduating college students, the author finds that many students have the consciousness of starting a business, but they failed to put it into practice in the end, largely because of the disapproval of their families. More than 60% of families do not support their children to start their own businesses after graduation. In view of this situation, the policy should consider the construction of entrepreneurial culture, increase publicity and change the misunderstanding of self-employment.

(d) Follow-up policies to support entrepreneurship need to be strengthened.

The survey found that Anhui province's policy support for college students' entrepreneurship focuses on the establishment and establishment of enterprises. There is a slight lack of support policies for the operation and healthy growth of enterprises after birth, and the follow-up support is insufficient. Lack of management experience and shortage of operating funds have always been the main problems faced by enterprises after their establishment. The direct consequence is that the success rate of entrepreneurship is not high and the social effect of entrepreneurship is weak, which is not conducive to the formation of a benign entrepreneurial atmosphere in the whole society.

(E) The guiding effect of entrepreneurship policy is not obvious.

Compared with migrant workers, landless peasants and veterans, college students, as a special group in society, show the characteristics of knowledge. One of the significance of college students' self-employment is to turn knowledge into economy. The projects and fields they choose to start businesses should have their own characteristics, but the risk of entering new entrepreneurial fields is often too high.

Generally speaking, in recent years, Anhui Province has formulated systematic and coherent policies to encourage and support college students to start their own businesses, but the differentiation and personalization of policies need to be further improved. Through policy support and guidance, more college students should be encouraged to choose entrepreneurship.

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