(Hubei Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources)
Wudang Mountain, known as "Da Yue" and "Xuan Yue", is a famous Taoist mountain in China. Its magnificent natural scenery and colorful human landscape complement each other. It is also known as "the first fairy mountain in the world" and is a geological treasure house. In the early years, it was listed as a national key cultural protection unit and later included in the world cultural heritage list. This is a national treasure and a world-class heritage. From 1956 to 2009, I was lucky enough to reach the summit, and made numerous investigations on geological structure, mineral geology, seismic geology and archaeological geology. There are "participating in the discussion of state affairs" and asking for advice from friends in the cultural relics management department and Taoist circles; Receiving experts and scholars from home and abroad for inspection and exchange; There are literary and art workers who make friends with teachers and students in universities and middle schools; Accompanied by all kinds of tourists, relatives and friends, climb Wudang Mountain for different purposes, enjoy the mountains, the distant mountains are green and the seasons are clean. They often gain a lot, feel the vastness of the world, the profoundness of China culture and the mystery of earth science, and bring many indelible pleasures. In order to meet the needs of studying science, they feel like a flood. There is no if here, only the truth. The letter recorded the impression of Wudang Mountain and left the details of life.
Go to Wudang Mountain to solve the problem first.
1979 10. At that time, I had not been "corrected", but I was only a member of the comprehensive research group of the Fifth Geological Brigade in danjiangkou city, Hubei Province, undertaking a scientific research project.
One afternoon, Zhang, the deputy battalion chief, pushed open the office door and told me that there was an urgent task. He asked me to take people from the province to Wudang Mountain tomorrow to solve the problem. What tasks and problems? At that time, "Zhang Er and the monks were puzzled".
Later, people who saw the Provincial Department of Culture and the danjiangkou city Cultural Bureau realized that the Central Ministry of Culture and National Cultural Heritage Administration were struck by lightning when they were in Jin Dian, Tianzhu Peak, Wudang Mountain, for fear that the essence of Wudang Mountain would be destroyed. I specially ordered the Provincial Department of Culture to organize an investigation team to conduct on-site investigation and take away the lightning protection facilities. Therefore, according to the advice of lightning protection experts, geological experts are invited to solve the causes of thunderstorms.
The relationship between cultural relics, ancient buildings and geology is a new problem for me, and I am afraid it is also a new topic that has not been involved in the field of geology. Let's "pulse" Wudang Mountain Ancient Site!
The captain asked me what difficulties and requirements I had. As a geoscientist, I have faced thousands of difficulties in order to understand the earth. I can solve these difficulties one by one through field investigation and research. This time, it is obvious that there is no bottom in solving the lightning disaster in Wudang Mountain, and it can only be solved after on-site investigation. I need an assistant, a graduate of Wang Qinghua University.
On the mountain, there will be an investigation team of nearly 20 people, including Gao Hongda, director of the Cultural Relics Department of the Provincial Department of Culture, Fu Zhongquan, director of the Municipal Cultural Bureau, Hu Changfu, director of Yunyang District Museum, Li, a lightning protection expert from Hubei Industrial Architecture Design Institute, Yu Hansheng, who designed Wudang Mountain lightning rod in front of the Provincial Museum and the Municipal Hydropower Company, and Liu Pengxuan, director of Wudang Mountain Cultural Relics Management Office.
10 18 arrived at Wudang Mountain and spent the night in Zixiao Palace that day. Comrades of the Cultural Management Office prepared rich food and drinks to receive this trip, and frequently raised their glasses. As a teetotaler, I am on pins and needles. 19 began to climb to the top in the early hours of the morning. At noon, we arrived at the Hall of Supreme Harmony in Tianzhu Peak, next to a two-story wooden building on the west side of Yujingtang, and we were arranged upstairs. Lunch is another persuasion, I only refuse to drink, I have to work in the afternoon and so on.
It may be that the people who went up the mountain were a little tired, plus drinking, and the meeting lasted until 3 pm to listen to the introduction of Liu Pengxuan, director of the Cultural Management Institute. At this time, they have a little understanding of the Jinding thunderstorm in Wudang Mountain.
2. Thunderstorm and lightning disaster in Jinding, Wudang Mountain
There are frequent thunderstorms in Wudang Mountain. Thunderstorms are active from March 22nd to September 25th, and also occur in June 5438+ 10 and February 65438+February. There are 30 thunderstorm days in the whole year, and June-August is the most frequent month, accounting for 80% of the annual thunderstorms. The daily probability of thunderstorm in summer is between 12%-35%, with July being the most, with an average of 1 1 day, followed by August.
Thunderstorm in Wudang Mountain is not only two scenic spots in Wudang Mountain, but also a lightning disaster. When the airflow develops from cumulonimbus cloud to cumulonimbus cloud, subtle physical effects polarize the electric field in the cloud, with negative electricity concentrated in the upper part of the cloud and positive electricity concentrated in the middle and lower part of the cloud, so the potential difference between the cloud and the ground is very large. Before the thunderstorm, the air humidity increases, and the cloud is suspended fine water droplets with enhanced conductivity, which are easily decomposed to generate lightning. Jin Dian is located at the top of Tianzhu Peak, similar to the middle and lower part of cumulonimbus cloud, so the cloud
Cumulonimbus clouds shrouded the bronze casting golden hall of Tianzhu Peak, with frequent flashes of lightning, radiant rays, rolling fireballs and deafening thunder. The brave feasted their eyes and formed a spherical lightning fireball, which flowed with the airflow, sometimes rolling and drifting in strings, single columns or multiple columns, and met the signboard houses, printing houses and parents' halls behind the Golden Temple with brick structures on both sides. When the spherical fireball is blocked by the wall, the pioneers pass through the wall to form holes and disappear by themselves, and the holes keep high temperature erosion. Successors passed through the hole smoothly, moved on and gradually disappeared into the air. This scene is called "Thunder Fire Temple", which is another great scenic spot of Wudang Mountain. In the 1950s, before a climber reached Tianzhu Peak, he was caught in a thunderstorm and poured down. At this time, I saw the "Thunder Fire Temple" on the top of Tianzhu Peak in the distance, which was very spectacular and lasted only a few seconds. This is a great adventure in my life.
196 1 year, the State Council designated the Golden Temple of Tianzhu Peak in Wudang Mountain as a national key cultural relics protection unit. National Cultural Heritage Administration and the Provincial Department of Culture invited experts to inspect the Golden Temple many times, and found that there were countless tiny spots and pits on the ridge tile surface of the Golden Temple burned by lightning at high temperature. 1962 was struck by lightning, and the northwest steps were damaged. For the first time, local experts were invited to install lightning rods. 1976, the southeast corner of Jin Dian Shitai and its surrounding ancillary buildings were damaged in many places due to the corrosion of lightning rod wires. 1978, 10 In June, the lightning protection device in Jin Dian was overhauled by local experts, and two sets of grounding wires were also installed. 1From July to August, 1979, the Golden Temple and its affiliated buildings were struck by lightning again, leaving traces in the southeast corner. So in June of that year 10 invited me to participate in the survey.
Third, life hangs in the Forbidden City.
At the meeting, lightning protection expert Li asked to find out the reason of lightning damage, that is, since lightning protection facilities have been installed, why lightning damage still occurs frequently. Is it an expectation that people stare at me at the meeting? Is it suspicion? I seldom spoke these two days, and I didn't make any noise after the afternoon meeting. At this time, I have to say a few words: Tomorrow (20th), I will go to Tianzhu Peak for a field trip. At this time, the people in the cultural management office were surprised. Tianzhu Peak was too steep to climb. I said, nothing ventured, nothing gained. Only after investigation can we find the problem. After discussion, only the edge of the Forbidden City (also known as Chicheng and Imperial City) crawled on the ridge of the city wall. Named after the Golden Temple, this city was built in the 17th year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty (14 19). The height of a city ranges from a few meters to dozens of meters. The bottom thickness of Nanchengmen City Wall is 2.4m, and the top thickness is1.25m, and it is covered with the ridge of middle and high slope, which is convenient for running water. The circumference of the ridge inside the city wall is 344.43m Around Tianzhu Peak, each stone weighing1000kg is built in the form of rock, and the division technology of 12.62% is adopted. As a result, the city wall tilts from the inside out and from the outside in, which looks like the halo around the Golden Temple from a distance. It is an amazing work by craftsmen in the Ming Dynasty. The city wall is connected with the rock wall, which is a cliff outside the wall. There is little space in the wall, only one or two people can live. It can be seen that the construction was difficult and dangerous. On the morning of the 20th, I climbed on the ridge of the city wall for a week. If I accidentally fell off the cliff, I was in danger of breaking into pieces. Facing the abyss, my life hung in the Forbidden City. In order to get first-hand information, I walked around with my assistant and people from five or six provinces and cities. When I saw a geological fault structure, I tried to go down to the city to observe it carefully. Sometimes, because the wall is high, the rope is put down. My assistant asked him to go down for measurement several times, but I still insisted on personally contacting the outcrop, making careful observation and instrument measurement, and recorded a lot of data. Although the circumference of the Forbidden City is only about 340 m, I still crawled and observed it until the afternoon. At this time, I couldn't stand up straight, and I was so tired that I was sweating all over. When I stopped, the mountain wind roared and the biting cold suddenly invaded my body. On the wall of the Forbidden City, there is a wooden and stone-shaped Tianmen building on both sides, symbolizing the Tianjue. Doors and windows are carved with huge stones, and the patterns are extremely exquisite. There are east, west, south and north gates in the city, but only the south gate can pass through. There are three parallel doors here. In the middle are gates, sacred gates, Zhenwu Emperor and other gods. On the east side is the "People Gate", which was shared by the government and the people in those years, and on the west side is the "Ghost Gate". Legend has it that only ghosts can pass through, but they are never open. It's bold to crawl on the ridge of the Forbidden City this time!
In the afternoon, my assistant and I went to Jin Dian at the top of Tianzhu Peak to continue our investigation. The places where the stone platform and its affiliated buildings in Jin Dian have been struck by lightning for many times are completely consistent with the fracture structure we observed near the Forbidden City. At this time, most of the lightning damage problems have been solved in my heart. Then observe the lightning protection facilities that have been installed, and observe the grounding conductor of the lightning rod, which is more than 200 meters long and goes from Jinding to the grounding point of the conductor behind Fenghuangchi Mountain. Busy until the sun goes down. In the evening, continue to sort out the data and straighten out the observation results. My assistant will help me draw a picture and prepare to speak at tomorrow's meeting.
Four, three core issues
10 2 1 In the morning, Director Gao presided over the meeting again. First of all, let me speak and talk about the results of the survey. All the participants sat in a precarious position, with the assistant sitting next to me and Director Gao sitting on the other side. There was silence at this moment, and the participants opened their notebooks, with pens in their hands, ready to record.
After a little reflection, I think what everyone urgently needs to hear is the conclusion of the investigation, so I talked about three core issues:
First of all, since Dade built a temple on Tianzhu Peak in the 11th year of Yuan Dynasty (1307) and built a larger Golden Temple in the 16th year of Yongle in Ming Dynasty (14 18), it has been struck by lightning, and it will certainly continue to be struck by lightning in the future.
Second, the Golden Temple will never be destroyed by lightning, so there is no need to "worry too much", but passive injuries may be preventable.
Third, why the grounding point of lightning rod should be far and near, but the best point is close at hand.
The voice did not fall, and there was a discussion at the venue: Don't worry about the safety of the Golden Hall! Tianzhu Peak was struck by lightning, which has not been recorded in historical materials. Where is the grounding point near? ....., you want me to elaborate.
Fifthly, the response of lightning to the blockage of "thunder road"
I went on to say the basis of the first point: after investigation, Tianzhu Peak is a solitary peak, which is "a pillar of the sky" and consists of Proterozoic Wudang Mountain Group strata about11.200 million years ago. At that time, it was a sea of Wang Yang, and the rocks here were moderately metamorphic, belonging to intermediate-acid pyroclastic sedimentary rock series, and the basic structures of eruption, overflow and deposition could be seen. The peak rock is sericite quartz schist, and its resistivity is 2× 6544. Slightly to the north, it is controlled by two groups of faults in NNE and nearly east-west direction, while Tianzhu Peak develops three groups of faults parallel to it, which are fractured and have a steep fault surface with a general angle of 70 ~ 87. Like a watermelon, it cut four knives from top to bottom along Tianzhu Peak, namely Nantianmen-Dongmen (J 1), Qian Fang-Jin Dian (J2) and North. The crack width is below 1m, and the middle is filled with rock fragments or mixed humus soil, containing water. JBOY3 intersects with J4, J2 and J 1 respectively, forming a * * * yoke array, like a plurality of conductors inserted into the rock stratum. There is an east-west fault at the foot of Tianzhu Peak. The fault plane is tilted to the north, with an inclination angle of 42 ~ 55, and the hanging wall rises, holding Tianzhu Peak high and soaring into the sky. The above J 1-J4 faults are all low-order fracture surfaces of faults, which shows that they are related in genesis. There are small-scale water bodies such as Phoenix Pool and Tianchi under the fault plane, which is said to accumulate water all the year round.
With the basic geological structure of Tianzhu Peak, let's talk about the building conditions on the peak (Figure 3). The base of the top building complex is all dark green basic volcanic rocks; The platform of Jindian is paved with Triassic bamboo limestone, and there is an altar in front of Jindian, which is also bamboo limestone. They all come from different places, and there are no traces of bamboo leaves and limestone around Wudang Mountain. These stones were all received from all over the country during the large-scale construction of the Ming Dynasty, so the bamboo leaf limestone system was contributed by the southern provinces. Between the abutment and the bedrock, the huge rocks of metamorphic basic volcanic rocks are built into a huge and thick base. After the completion of Jinding complex, the original exposed rocks and fractured structural planes at the summit were completely covered.
Tianzhu Peak, the highest point in the sky, is a natural place for this region to receive Lei Yun's emissions to the earth. Powerful current is quickly transmitted to the ground through several cracks, commonly known as "lightning path" (that is, discharge path). Since the appearance of the complex, the cracks in the original sericite schist (lowest resistivity10630Ω m) have been filled with stones and clay, and its resistivity is10 ~102Ω m, Covered with basic volcanic rocks (resistivity102 ~105 Ω m) and bamboo-like limestone (resistivity 6×102 ~1000 Ω m), it was found that there were many black spots as big as copper coins on the top of the golden kiss. At the same time, the bamboo-like limestone in the southeast corner and northeast corner of the platform was shattered, the gable, roof and tile head of the house were damaged to varying degrees, and many stone lotus whistle hooks on the altar were also damaged. Any damage is bad, and cracks in the bedrock pass through from below. It should be said that the truth is out.
The original "lightning tunnel" here was blocked (bamboo-leaf limestone, basic volcanic rocks, brick walls). In order to discharge strong current in an instant, when the cracks in the lightning tunnel are blocked, only the blockage can be broken and smooth. It is no secret that the Golden Temple was struck by lightning after its completion. For example, after the lotus column fence carved from Triassic bamboo limestone was destroyed, because there was no original limestone to repair it, it had to be replaced by the basic volcanic rock with the highest yield in Wudang Mountain area, which is a powerful example.
In the Spring Festival of 2009, the author took the children to the Jinding again. In recent years, the Jinding stone platform and the shilianhua watchtower, which were damaged by lightning earlier, have been updated or repaired with the same Triassic red bamboo leaf limestone. Stone components that have not been damaged by lightning but have been weathered and denuded are still intact after years of vicissitudes. Old and new components, through time and space, can be seen at a glance, from which we can try to figure out the mystery.
Why are buildings often struck by lightning without history? Wudang Mountain is dedicated to the Taoist Zhenwu Emperor, and was respected by Yongle Emperor at that time. No official will have the courage if lightning damage is reported to the emperor. Therefore, only the words "thunder on the ground" and "thunder fire temple" imply the peaceful scene of the world and cover up the fact that it was destroyed by lightning. During the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, a temple could only be built on the rock wall of Diezi Peak called Dong Lei, dedicated to Thor Deng Tianjun and asked him to bless Wudang Mountain.
Sixth, we must not take it lightly.
Answer the second question: The Golden Hall is an all-metal building made of copper. The guards and bronze shells on both sides of Zhenwu Emperor in the hall are made of copper, which is a good conductor. Since it was built in the 16th year of Yongle (14 18), it has been struck by lightning and remains intact for nearly 600 years, making it a national treasure. There is no need to worry about the safety of the Golden Temple, but it cannot be taken lightly.
We can't underestimate the wisdom of the ancients. Maybe they will build a secret lightning protection facility in Kanatonouchi. Although it will be preserved for a period of time, it will eventually lose its conduction function due to the serious corrosion of iron and copper grounding conductors for many years. This is just speculation. By Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty and the early years of the Republic of China, three brick parents' halls, printing houses and signing and detaining places (also called dressing rooms) had been built on the top of Jin Dian, and there were no lightning protection facilities. Therefore, Jin Dian's environment has been greatly improved, and it may be more vulnerable to lightning damage. In fact, these three buildings have been damaged by lightning strikes many times.
Why should we prevent the Golden Temple from being passively damaged? Although the golden hall will not be directly destroyed by lightning, it should be noted that the kiss on the top of the golden hall was burned by lightning, leaving many plaques. It is impossible to verify whether these damages occurred before or after the lightning rod was installed, because it is impossible to climb to the top of this sacred hall for observation. Anyway, the Golden Temple has been destroyed. If lightning protection measures are not in place, is it possible for kissing to be burned by high temperature or partially melted under ultra-high current? In the case of ball lightning, a certain part of the golden hall may be melted and penetrated. If the fortification is improper, the platform foundation and basic volcanic rock basement will be smashed into pieces, which may lead to the collapse and damage of Jin Dian.
Seven, why avoid near and far?
Answer the third question. The lightning rod has been installed, but the grounding conductor is too long. According to the law of resistance, the resistance R of a conductor with equal cross-section at a certain temperature can be expressed as
r=ρl/s
Where: l is the length of the conductor; S is the cross section of the conductor; ρ is resistivity.
It can be seen that the resistance of the wire depends on its length, cross-sectional area and material characteristics. If the wire is long, the greater the resistivity, the smaller the conductivity of the wire. The original conductor resistance of 200-300 meters is increased, which is not conducive to conduction, so we have to find another way, during which the gables and tile heads of brick and wood structures are damaged. At the same time, the phenomenon of blocking objects on the original "mine track" has to be broken.
The solution is also very simple: according to the situation, the grounding conductor is directly inserted into several cracks in Tianzhu Peak for communication, and the conductor is extremely short, only 10 m, so as to achieve the purpose of diversion and discharge.
Before I finished my speech, I also talked about the "Hall of Thunder and Fire", when a cloud of lightning and flames fluttered in the air and hissed. The vortex high-temperature plasma, which is regarded as high-speed rotation, drifts with the airflow, breaks when encountering obstacles, and the fireball disappears, forming a so-called side-strike lightning explosion.
1In September, 1998, the British magazine New Scientist published a paper by Spanish physicist Ranada, pointing out that spherical lightning is a kind of fireball, which is formed by interweaving magnetic coils of horizontal magnetic field and vertical magnetic field during lightning. When the wire mesh is spherical, the luminous plasma will be "captured" by the mesh to form spherical lightning. Because the horizontal and vertical magnetic lines are bound to each other, the magnetic line network and the plasma in it are not easy to expand, and the fireball seen in Wudang Mountain only disappears without expansion, because the fireball only lasts 10 ~ 15s. According to the old introduction, the fireball seems to have no temperature, but the test proves that the local temperature along the magnetic field line exceeds 1.6 million℃, so when the fireball runs on the brick wall, it disappears due to high temperature melting erosion. The scientific explanation is that when the plasma of the fireball begins to cool, the electrons begin to be bound by atoms, the internal resistance of the plasma increases, the current weakens, the surrounding magnetic field collapses, and finally the fireball disappears.
I just found out why. As for the lightning protection setting, Li Industrial Architecture Design Institute has solved it. At the meeting, I was asked to write a Brief Report on Geological Survey of Tianzhu Peak Lightning Activity Area in Wudang Mountain, Hubei Province, which was printed and copied on June 6 165438, and submitted to the Provincial Department of Culture, the Cultural Relics Bureau of the Central Ministry of Culture, the Provincial Museum, the County Cultural Bureau, the Industrial Architecture Design Institute, the danjiangkou city Hydropower Company and the Wudang Mountain Cultural Management Office. The lightning protection setting is based on the design of the design institute, and then approved by National Cultural Heritage Administration 198.
Eight, strong thunderstorm test
Until about1May 3, 987/day 18: 30, the Jinding of Wudang Mountain was covered with dark clouds, filled with dense fog, and it was stormy and rained heavily. At about 7: 40, the thunder was loud, the lights went out and the wires caught fire. At 8: 05, the rain cleared up. Heavy losses. The welcoming pine, which was more than 520 years old, was destroyed once, and the nine-pedal chain on the peak was broken in five places. Four bricks of the Forbidden City 12 were hit, and doors and windows of many houses were destroyed. A fire broke out and four people were injured by lightning. On June 6 ~ 10 of that year, a joint investigation team composed of 116 people from various municipal public security bureaus and cultural bureaus wrote the investigation report on the causes of lightning strike: according to the test results, the Jin Dian, signature building and printing house of Jinding were basically not damaged, mainly/kloc-0. It is determined that the grounding resistance is 2.6 Ω, which meets the design requirements (within 20 Ω) and the grounding grid is in good condition. Upon inspection, there is no lightning protection facility at the lightning strike site. This passage is the most positive evaluation of our investigation conclusion in June 1979+ 10 65438 and the lightning protection measures based on it in June 1980. There are three reasons for large-scale lightning damage: the lighting and communication lines of metal objects (channel steel, round steel, steel bar and chain) are randomly pulled and connected, which does not conform to the electrical installation specifications of ancient buildings. In the past, the grounding wires in many places were cut off and exposed on the ground, and some of them were hung on trees and stones to induce lightning strikes.
When I submitted the geological survey report to the relevant parties on June 6th on1979+065438+and used it as the basis for designing lightning protection measures, the summer from 1980 was a thunderstorm-prone period, and I always paid attention to whether there was lightning in Wudang Mountain. Every summer, I am on tenterhooks. If anything goes wrong, I will always be a sinner. Three years later, when the Jinding of Wudang Mountain was safe and sound, I was very pleased with my contribution to protecting the cultural heritage of the motherland. I was transferred to Wuhan in the spring of 1985, but when I read in Hubei Daily in June of 1987 that Wudang Mountain suffered another large-scale lightning disaster, I immediately sized up the situation and wrote to danjiangkou city CPPCC (where I served as a member of the Standing Committee several times), and talked about two points: First, I still insisted that I was in1. Be cautious about this matter, don't act rashly, that is to say, dismantle all lightning protection facilities. I said that if I am willing to bear the loss of lightning damage that may happen every year, I will look at its "lightning temple" landscape and the consequences of lightning damage.
CPPCC wrote back to me soon, and on June 1987 1 1, it sent a joint investigation report entitled "Report on Lightning Strike at Jinding Mountain in Wudang", which was the above content.
Nine, "gild the lily"?
1987 One day or so, Liu Shimin from the Institute of Geology told me that Changjiang Daily (the organ of Wuhan Municipal Committee) had an article about the installation of lightning protection facilities in Wudang Mountain, which was considered redundant, because the Golden Temple was made of copper and itself was a good lightning protection device and conductor.
When I read this article, I can only laugh it off. The author of this article knows that the Golden Temple made of bronze is indeed a good conductor, but he knows one thing: the brick and wood buildings attached to the Golden Temple, the abutment, altar and stone fence of the Golden Temple are often damaged by lightning, no matter how many times they have been repaired. Of course, this gentleman may not have happened to encounter the scene of lightning damage and destruction. Moreover, after the lightning protection device was installed, the lightning damage of Jinding was reduced, so that it did not happen for several years. 1June, 987, another large-scale lightning disaster occurred, which may be attributed to the existing lightning protection device by people who don't know the truth. Even if I have ten mouths, I can't explain it clearly. Fortunately, special investigation reports in some places have made scientific conclusions.
That friend asked me to write an article to refute, and I said no!
Ten, close contact with the "national treasure"
1979 10 when working in Wudang mountain, only Wudang mountain cultural relics management office was in charge at that time, but the Taoist association never recovered the right to operate Taoist temples.
When we stayed at Taihe Palace in Wudang Mountain, we climbed to the top of the mountain to watch the sunrise in the morning and the starry sky at night. For the sake of convenience, director Liu of the Cultural Management Institute also gave me the key to open the worse door at the summit. After lunch, everyone else was taking a lunch break, so my assistant and I went to the summit conveniently to continue our investigation.
It is said that Xiangfan City and nearby laohekou city can be seen on sunny days, but those days are cloudy. Although there were many sunny days before and after the summit, I didn't see either of them. But this night, I saw the flames of two eastern cities reflecting the air, showing red, and the same light shone above Shiyan City in the northwest corner.
We like the interior furnishings of the Golden Temple. The components of the Golden Temple were cast in Beijing and transported to Wudang Mountain by the canal via Nanjing Yangtze River and Han River. The Golden Temple is 4.4m wide and 3. 15m deep, surrounded by 12 columns. Column overlapping arch and single oblique double arch support the upper and lower eaves respectively. Dragon kisses are thrown at both ends of the spine to confront each other; The vertical ridge is rounded and the wing angle is elongated. It is decorated with fairy, dragon, wind, lion, hippocampus, Tianma and other supernatural birds and animals, arranged in an orderly manner. The walls are filled with four plastering partitions between columns, and there are two cast doors in the hall. Their shafts are embedded in hinges, which can be opened and closed, but only make a slight rubbing sound. The forehead line crosses the gold color painting pattern, and the process is extremely fine; The top of the hall is a flat chess ceiling (the square ceiling is embedded tightly), and the casting lines are carved with flowing clouds and smooth lines. On the algae well in the temple, there is a bronze gold-plated orb hanging. It is said that this bead can calm the mountain wind, hence the name "shelter from the wind". The Golden Temple is airtight, so the air in it can't form convection. The mountain wind roared outside the temple, but the flame of the magic lamp in the temple did not move. Snowflakes drifted into the temple and were kept out of the door. Jindian is a national treasure. It is said that Mr. Yang Tingbao, a famous architect in China, visited the site in person and asked several people to hold the ceiling motionless at the same time, which shows that the precision of mosaic technology is amazing. The floor of the temple is paved with purple bamboo leaves and limestone. The idol in the temple, sitting in the middle, is Zhenwu Emperor, barefoot, with fine hair, bright eyes and a pistol. The right maid Duan Bao is staring, Wen Ya is quiet, stiff and obedient, and her skirt is elegant; Zuo Pengshu is elegant and Zhuang Su; Two warriors with swords, brave and dignified, with eyebrows and phoenix eyes on both sides. There is a Xuanwu statue under the bronze incense table, which is a combination of tortoise and snake. The tortoise's glans bulges, and the snake reaches out to communicate with the tortoise in space. There is a gold-plated copper plaque on the back wall with the words "golden light and wonderful phase" handwritten by Emperor Kangxi, the holy father of the Qing Dynasty. On the eaves of the temple, there is a gold-plated board with the word "Golden Hall" on it. All parts of the temple are made of copper and assembled with gilded tenons. The joints are precise and there are no traces of casting and chiseling. Despite more than 500 years of cold and heat, wind and rain, lightning erosion, it is still brilliant. These are excellent opportunities for us to observe and touch carefully. Due to the warm reception of the comrades in the Institute of Cultural Management, I asked them for advice and gained a lot of knowledge and insight. It really feels like "it is better to study for ten years than to climb for five days".
XI。 Enjoy the wonders of Jinding.
Jinding wonders, generally have:
"Tianzhu Xiaoqing": at dawn, the golden sunshine on the peak.
Thunder Fire Temple: As I said before, there is a legend here. Around the golden palace, a thrilling lightning fireball rolled. It is said that the Emperor of Heaven was afraid of worshipping incense and defiled Jinding. Others said they were afraid that people with ulterior motives would steal the treasures of the Golden Temple. Others said that Lei Gong and Rain Master would come to wash the Golden Temple, keep it clean, make the treasures in the temple stronger and warn those with ulterior motives.
Grandfather Khan: Kanatonouchi's honorific title for Zhenwu Emperor is Grandfather. Every time before it rains, the humidity in the temple is high, and crystal drops of water gather in the shrine.
"The hippocampus spits fog": There is a cast image of the hippocampus on the wing ridge of the Golden Temple. Because it is hollow, it is irradiated by the sun. If the temperature drops and it rains, hot air will be discharged from the hippocampus, and it will be atomized when it meets cold air. Sometimes when the wind blows through the mouth of the hippocampus, it makes a sound, which is called the howling of the hippocampus. The seahorse is a powerful horse, and the so-called "unconstrained style" is.
The Moon Knocks at the Mountain Gate: Looking at the moon hanging in the sky from a door in Jinding, the night is quiet, as if the moon is knocking at the door. The fragrant cool breeze is refreshing and relieves all people's troubles.
"Wudang Sunrise": Looking eastward, there are many sunny days, and it slowly jumps out of the hook in the rosy clouds, showing a jumping shape. At this time, it quickly changed into a semicircle. When it reached the Great Round Basin, Ran Ran rose from lux to golden red, dazzling and radiant, and the earth was full of vitality.
All the above scenic spots were seen by 1979 on Wudang Mountain, except the Thunder Fire Hall which was witnessed in the 1950s. There are also the famous "golden hall reflection" and "shallow sea tide" (referring to the sea of clouds), but later I was lucky enough to see it when I climbed Wudang Mountain.
Twelve. postscript
Wang Qinghua, the investigation assistant of the Summit, is from Hubei, and soon became familiar with the investigation team. After my first speech after my investigation, Wang Qinghua heard many people say that Gong Hao was taciturn, thoughtful and a blockbuster. Have it both ways and Kan Kan, another expert in the same trade, have a broad vision. Hearing this, I said to Wang Qinghua: People's personalities are different from their majors, and only after field investigation and study can they have a say in geology. This is a standard of our geological work.
The resistivity of rocks listed in this paper is provided by He Guangyue, No.5 Geophysical Exploration Team.
The main achievements of this paper have been included in the new edition of Wudang Mountain Records (1994, published by Xinhua Publishing House).