It is generally believed that the rise of Germany depends on the army and education. Among them, education is regarded as the fundamental reason for Germany's strength.
It is reasonable to attribute Germany's strength to its incomplete education. As early as the end of 18, Prussia legislated to implement compulsory education, creating a precedent in the history of education. /kloc-At the beginning of the 0/9th century, among all the reforms carried out in Prussia, the educational reform can be said to be the most striking. William Humboldt tried to provide all citizens with a comprehensive education from the humanistic perspective, and the education system he founded laid a solid foundation for the development of German education. Since then, with the vigorous promotion of state governments, the education system has been continuously improved. For example, in Prussia, the primary school enrollment rate reached 60% in 18 16 and 93% in 1864. By 187 1, the illiteracy rate in Germany is only 13%, that in Britain is 30%( 186 1), and that in France is 24%( 1866). The situation of leading education in Germany can be seen.
The university reform promoted by Humboldt and others has made remarkable achievements. The University of Berlin established by Humboldt reversed the direction of university development, carried out the principle of combining teaching with research, established a German-style research university, and at the same time opened a precedent for modern universities. Under the nourishment of Humboldt University spirit, German universities quickly entered a glorious period, and the trained talents have good academic literacy and professional knowledge, full of scientific research spirit. University professors take academic research as their bounden duty, devote themselves to teaching and research, and have made numerous academic achievements.
German universities are generally well received and affirmed. M, a British historian, said in the 1920s: "In modern times, no country has as many schools of thought and academic schools as Germany, and no country can boast of launching and carrying out so many great undertakings. They need the cooperation and collective efforts of a large number of well-trained personnel".
It can be said that in modern history, German scholars and experts brought more honor and attention to Germany than other groups. All these achievements are the results of German universities, which are the countries with the closest relationship between universities and academics in Europe. Universities may be the best window to observe Germans. Mertz believes that German universities "can best represent German thoughts, and German thoughts are perfectly represented in such institutions".
Germans attach importance to education, but they are not blind. /kloc-In the 20th century, Germany established a large and diverse school and training system. Especially in the late 20th century, the "dual system" vocational training system became an important pillar of economic development and was called the "secret weapon" of the German economic miracle. The so-called "dual system" is to combine the training of industrial apprentices with the theoretical study of schools, and the government and enterprises jointly train qualified technicians. During the training period, students are required to be apprentices in enterprises for a certain number of days, and they must also receive education in vocational schools.
At the end of the Qing Dynasty, Li once summed up the education in Germany, saying that the characteristics of the German education system are "no land, no learning, no one does not learn", which is very accurate. Until today, these three rules should still be effective. "No land and no learning" means the popularization of education, "no time to learn" means that different industries and occupations have special education and training, and "no one does not learn" means that everyone has the opportunity to learn, and everyone has the opportunity to learn to suit their own needs. Although this multi-track and multi-type education system does not necessarily conform to the democratic principle, from the perspective of effect and function, this system has trained specialized talents for different people and different industries, which embodies the idea of giving full play to people's talents.
On the other hand, when education is neglected or destroyed, the strength of a country will be weakened and a strong country will be weakened. During Nazi rule, education and science were greatly damaged, especially a large number of Jewish scholars were forced to leave universities and Germany, which caused unprecedented damage to Germany's education and academic career, and the academic foundation accumulated since the19th century was facing collapse. After this disaster, the era of Germany as an academic center is gone forever. This painful history provides a negative teaching material for the educational power.
Looking at the development of modern Germany, we have reason to regard Germany as an example of rejuvenating the country or strengthening the country through education. /kloc-in the 0/9th century, German historian Monsen once juxtaposed universities, armies and tariffs, and considered them as the core factors of Germany's rise. He can rank the university in the first place, and he will certainly not object to the statement that he is an educational power and an academic power.