Windows class
I believe everyone who has used a computer will be familiar with this operating system, which was developed by Microsoft, the largest software developer in the world. Microsoft's Windows system has an absolute advantage in the operating system. Mainstream Windows systems can be used on workstations, such as Windows NT 4.0, Windows 9x/ME/XP, Windows 2000 and the latest Windows 2003.
Unix system
At present, the commonly used UNIX system versions mainly include: Unix SUR4.0, HP-UX 1 1.0, SUN's Solaris8.0, etc. Support network file system services, provide data and other applications, powerful, by AT & amp； T and SCO companies launched. High-end workstations generally use UNIX operating system.
Linux system
This is a new network operating system, and its biggest feature is that the source code is open, and many applications can be obtained for free. At present, there are also Chinese versions of Linux, such as REDHAT and Red Flag Linux. It has been fully affirmed by users in China, mainly in terms of security and stability, and has many similarities with Unix. But at present, this operating system can be applied to some workstations.
The support for specific computing environment makes each operating system have its own workspace, which is the system's support for specific computing environment. For example, Windows 2000 Professional is suitable for desktop computers, Linux is currently suitable for small networks, and Windows 2000 Server and UNIX are suitable for large server applications. Therefore, for different applications, we need to choose the appropriate operating system purposefully.
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At present, there are three main types of server operating systems: one is Windows, whose representative product is Windows Server 2003；; One is UNIX, and the representative products are HP -UX, IBM AIX and so on. Another is Linux. Although it is a rising star, it has made great progress in recent years because of its openness and high cost performance.
Below, we will select some representative products and introduce them one by one.
Windows Server 2003
Windows Server 2003 is Microsoft's latest product for server operating system. Previous products include Windows NT Server and Windows 2000 Server. Simplified Chinese version of Windows Server 2003 was officially launched in China market on May 22nd, 2003.
Windows Server 2003 series includes the functions and features provided by Windows Server operating system, which users hope can support key tasks, such as high security, high reliability, high availability and high scalability. Its version includes:
Data Center Edition (including 32-bit and 64-bit) This edition is designed for enterprises that need strong scalability and high availability. It lays a solid foundation for establishing key task solutions of database, enterprise resource planning (ERP) software, high-capacity real-time transaction processing and server integration.
Enterprise Edition (including 32-bit and 64-bit) This edition is suitable for key use by large and medium-sized organizations.
The standard version is applied to small and medium-sized enterprises and departments, and focuses on strengthening basic functions such as file service, printing service and collaborative operation service.
Web edition provides a Web hosting and service system platform for users who quickly develop and deploy web services and applications.
Windows Server 2003 is a multitasking operating system, which is improved on the basis of Windows 2000. It can handle various server roles in a centralized or distributed way according to the needs of users.
Some server roles include: file and print server, Web server and Web application server, mail server, terminal server, remote access/virtual private network (VPN) server, directory server, domain name system (DNS) server, dynamic host configuration protocol (DHCP) server, Windows Internet naming service (WINS) and streaming media server.
Windows Server 2003 can also provide users with five valuable benefits:
1, which is easy to deploy, manage and use.
The familiar Windows interface makes Windows Server 2003 easy to use. An effective new wizard simplifies the installation of specific server roles and daily server management tasks, which are also easy to manage even without a full-time system administrator. In addition, the system administrator has some new and improved functional designs to make it easier to deploy Active Directory.
2. Safe infrastructure.
Windows Server 2003 enables enterprises to take advantage of existing IT investments and extend these advantages to partners, customers and suppliers by deploying key functions, such as Active Directory services and. NET Passport integration. Identity management in Active Directory spans the whole network and helps to ensure the security of the whole enterprise.
3. Enterprise reliability, availability, scalability and performance.
Through a series of new and improved functions in Internet Information Service (IIS)6.0, including memory mirroring, hot adding memory and state detection, the reliability is enhanced. In order to seek higher availability, Microsoft Cluster Service currently supports clusters of up to eight nodes and geographically dispersed nodes, and supports a variety of systems from single processor to 32-way system.
4. Adopt new technology to reduce the total cost of ownership.
Windows Server 2003 provides many technologies to help enterprises reduce the total cost of ownership (TCO). For example, Windows Explorer allows administrators to set the resource usage (processor and memory) of server applications and manage it through group policy settings. Network Attached Storage (NAS) can help users integrate file services.
It is very convenient to create dynamic intranet and internet websites. IIS 6.0 is a built-in Web server in Windows Server 2003, which provides enhanced security and reliable structure. This structure provides isolation for applications and greatly improves performance.
Hewlett-Packard UX Company
HP-UX is a UNIX operating system developed by Hewlett-Packard Company and enjoys a high reputation in the industry. At present, its version has been upgraded to 1 1i, with two versions:11v2 for Itanium processor and11for RISC processor.
Hp -UX 1 1i v2 provides users with a set of mission-critical functions. These include enhanced reliability, effectiveness and maintainability, Internet and network application services, directory and security services, system management and 64-channel performance scalability.
This system is an operating system, which can provide users with the scalability of 64 Itanium processor and the performance of key task UNIX, and can cope with all kinds of demanding applications in the market. The system also has two sets of security tools, which can enhance and simplify the security protection of HP -UX servers. It also provides a wide range of functions, including enhanced single-system efficiency and memory recovery.
The product can be completely compatible with the data, resources and binary of HP -UX 1 1i in architecture, thus providing investment protection for users and application developers. HP-UX 1 1i v2 can also achieve resource compatibility with Linux IA-32 programs and binary compatibility with Linux programs based on Itanium processors.
Hp -UX 1 1i v 1 is mainly aimed at RISC processors. It provides a wide range of partition, high availability and management technology solutions, and integrates Serviceguard, nPartitions, vPartitions and workload manager.
IBM AIX 5L
There are many UNIX operating systems available at present, but only one of them includes IBM's experience in creating business solutions for global customers. Moreover, it also provides support for 64-bit platforms by realizing kinship with Linux. This is IBM AIX 5L.
AIX conforms to the UNIX 98 industry standard of Open group, and provides comprehensive scalability for 32-bit and 64-bit applications by fully integrating their parallel running support. It can run on all IBM p series and IBM RS/6000 workstations, servers and large parallel supercomputers.
By introducing Dynamic Logical Partitioning (DLPAR) into AIX 5L V5.2, IBM provides advanced flexibility and scalability for P-series systems.
The function of virtual server DLPAR enables users to run multiple independent operating system images of AIX 5L and Linux on a P-series server. Logical partitions do not need to be consistent with the physical boundaries of the building blocks (resource collections) of the system.
DLPAR allows users to select components from the whole available resource pool with smaller granularity, which can increase the flexibility of operation. With DLPAR, users can create multiple virtual servers in one server, and dynamically add and delete processors, physical memory and I/O slots from the active partition. Each partition is isolated from other partitions, and each partition runs its own AIX 5L V5.2 operating system.
Maintenance Control AIX 5L V5.2 uses various enhanced functions to help users ensure that their critical applications can meet users' expectations. AIX 5L V5.2 Load Manager (WLM) supports the automatic switching mechanism of system resources based on days, allowing dynamic allocation of processor cycles, physical memory and disk I/O among multiple tasks. Administrators can easily access the load manager by using the Web-based intuitive graphical interface of system manager, System Management Interface Tool (SMIT) and AIX commands.
In order to achieve rapid synchronization and coordinated response, cluster environment needs all-round cooperation between nodes. AIX 5L uses Linux software based on AIX 5L and IBM Cluster System Manager (CSM) to support and optimize the management of cluster servers. CSM provides a single control point for the installation, configuration, maintenance and update of designated P-series and IBM eServer x-series servers.
Affinity of Linux The affinity between AIX 5L and Linux helps to realize a multi-platform integration solution across AIX and Linux platforms in a faster and lower cost way. For many applications developed on or for Linux, just recompile the source code and they can run on AIX 5L. IBM provides users with an AIX toolbox for Linux applications for free.
In addition, AIX 5L has an expansion package. It extends the basic operating system, including encryption support, a browser for reading online HTML publications, an HTTP server for online publishing page services, and a Web-enabled system manager.
Hongqi Advanced Server 4. 1
With Linux entering the computing environment of key industries, users' requirements for the system are becoming more and more strict. In order to meet this growing demand, Hongqi Software has comprehensively optimized the product line of server operating system and launched Hongqi Linux server 4 series products. This product contains a number of research and development achievements, which further embodies the advantages of Red Flag server operating system in manageability, availability, reliability and scalability.
As the core product of Hongqi Linux Server 4 series, Hongqi Advanced Server 4. 1 (Hongqi Advanced Server 4. 1) is positioned as an enterprise-level network and application server. This product can run on an IA server with SMP architecture, with 2 ~ 32 CPUs and a maximum of 64GB of memory. It provides standard Linux network services, and can stably run mainstream commercial applications in the industry. In addition, the product can also be used as a complete Linux software development platform.
In terms of reliability, Hongqi Advanced Server 4. 1 adopts the kernel of 2.4.2 1 which has been tested in a lot of practice, and adds some enhanced functions to the kernels of 2.5 and 2.6, updates and corrects a lot of drivers, and has passed the high load stress test on many mainstream IA servers.
In terms of performance, 4. 1 inherited the optimization technology of 4.0, further improved the I/O performance, and used Intel compiler technology to optimize the system kernel and network service functions, thus becoming the first Linux vendor to use Intel compiler to optimize the kernel.
Red Flag Server 4. 1 is also supported by HP global certification. Red Flag Software has also become the third Linux vendor certified by HP after Red Hat and SUSE.
At present, Red Flag Advanced Server 4. 1 supports more than 500 kinds of business applications, including key enterprise applications such as DB2, Sybase, Websphere, Weblogic, Netbackup, CA ARCServ, Openview, Tivoli and Domino.
Enhanced manageability and reduced system management costs are the biggest improvements of Red Flag Server 4 series. With the application of Linux in industry, some system administrators turn to Linux from UNIX and Windows platforms. Making products conform to the habits of traditional UNIX experts and attracting Windows administrators and general technicians to get started quickly has become the main management goal of 4 series products.
In order to achieve this goal, Hongqi has developed a host management tool Rfmin 1. 1, which consists of 17 tools and covers all aspects of host management.
Rfmin 1. 1 covers the main server management work, eliminating three major differences: the difference between manually editing configuration files and application management tools, the difference between Windows system management and Linux system management, and the difference between local management and remote management.
Through these management tools, both UNIX system administrators and Windows system administrators can efficiently manage Red Flag Linux servers, thus reducing management costs.
Red Flag Advanced Server 4. 1 supports simplified Chinese, English and Japanese at the same time, and also provides a beautiful user interface, which conforms to users' usage habits.
Kirin operating system
Kylin (Kirin) operating system is one of the great achievements of the national "863 Plan". It is led by National University of Defense Technology and designed and developed jointly with ChinaSoft and Lenovo. It has completely independent copyright, can support a variety of microprocessor and computer architectures, has high performance, high availability and high security, and is compatible with Linux application binary.
Since the launch of Kirin operating system research and development project in 2002, the development of operating system kernel, desktop system and corresponding upper tool software has been completed. In terms of function, it passed the LSB standard test organized by Open Group. In terms of performance, the TPC-C and TPC-W benchmarks of typical database systems such as Oracle, Kingbase and MySQL are tested. In terms of security, it passed the security function test of the Ministry of Public Security and the security attack test of relevant units of the military system.
Kylin operating system mainly has the following functional characteristics: based on UNIX international mainstream standards, it adopts hierarchical modular kernel structure; Support x86, IA64 and other microprocessors and SMP computer architecture; It conforms to LSB standard, is compatible with Linux application binary, and can make full use of existing middleware software, application software and equipment support of Linux; Full Chinese support, with a desktop environment similar to Windows; Integrated, multi-level and multi-strategy security mechanism, reaching B 1 level security certification; Independent copyright kernel, flexible realization of OS openness and controllability, especially suitable for important application departments; Support cluster environment (parallel computing, high availability) and network-oriented basic services.
The integration of operating system and middleware has become an important development direction of future operating systems, such as Microsoft's. Wang and Sun are one. Lylin's operating system supports the component software operating environment that dynamically links "application" and "service", and at the same time adopts kernel acceleration support technology for network basic services.
At present, Kylin operating system has been thoroughly and rigorously tested, which can run on various types of servers and fully support 64-bit applications.