Albert Einstein, born in Ulm, Wü rttemberg, Germany, was a Jewish physicist. Einstein was born in a Jewish family in Ulm, Germany on 1879. Einstein put forward the photon hypothesis and successfully explained the photoelectric effect, so he won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 192 1 and founded the special theory of relativity in 1905. General relativity was founded in 19 15. 1April 1955 18 died at the age of 76.
Einstein laid a theoretical foundation for the development of nuclear energy and initiated a new era of modern science and technology, and was recognized as the greatest physicist after Galileo and Newton. 199965438+On February 26th, Einstein was selected as "the great man of the century" by American Time magazine.
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As early as 16 years old, Einstein learned from books that light is a fast electromagnetic wave. Related to this, he would like to discuss the so-called etheric problem related to light waves. The word ether comes from Greece and is used to represent the basic elements that make up objects in the sky. /kloc-Descartes in the 0/7th century and christiaan huygens later initiated and developed the theory of ether, believing that ether is the medium of light wave propagation, which is full of all spaces including vacuum and can penetrate into matter.
Different from the ether theory, Newton put forward the particle theory of light. Newton believed that the luminous body emitted a stream of particles moving in a straight line, and the impact of the particle stream on the retina caused vision. Newton's particle theory prevailed in18th century, and wave theory prevailed in19th century. The theory of ether has also been greatly developed: the propagation of waves needs medium, and the medium through which light propagates in vacuum is ether, also called optical ether.
At the same time, electromagnetism has developed vigorously. With the efforts of Maxwell, Hertz and others, a mature electromagnetic phenomena dynamics theory-electrodynamics was formed, and it was proved theoretically and practically that light is electromagnetic wave in a certain frequency range, thus unifying the wave theory of light and electromagnetic theory. Ether is not only the carrier of light waves, but also the carrier of electromagnetic fields.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Albert Einstein