The official position of university students in the Qing Dynasty was the system of the Ming Dynasty. After the capital was established in Shengjing (present-day Shenyang) in the early Qing Dynasty, Tiancong 10, Emperor Taizong of Qing Dynasty changed the museum into three inner courtyards, namely, National History Academy, Secretariat History Academy and Hong Wen Academy, each with a university student, which was the beginning of the establishment of the university student system. After entering the customs in Qing Dynasty, Shunzhi changed the Inner Third Hospital into the Cabinet in 15, and there were Diange university students. College students in the early Qing Dynasty were five-fold, or were both important officials and leaders, or were awarded the titles of ministers and assistant ministers.

13 years, Qianlong began to set up three halls: Baohe Hall, Wenhua Hall and Wuying Hall. Three pavilions: East Pavilion, Wen Yuan Pavilion and Tijen Pavilion. There is a college student in each hall, and the class order is not in the hall order. From then on, for a long time, college students were all important ministers of the Qing court and participated in important military affairs, so they were called prime ministers of the Qing Dynasty. College students who enter Wuying Hall, Wenhua Hall or Wen Yuan Pavilion are called "entering the pavilion to pay homage".

In the late Qing Dynasty, it can be said that 1840 after the Opium War began, China was faced with internal troubles and foreign invasion, and wars continued. The military ministers of the Ministry of War of the Qing Dynasty were very busy. Slowly, the military affairs of the Qing dynasty relied more on the military ministers, and the university students often became an honorary title.

Governor: In the Qing Dynasty, the governor was a second-class official, and anyone with ministerial titles was a second-class official. According to regulations, the governor should be named by Shi Yu, the left capital of Douchayuan, and promoted to assistant minister of various ministries and provincial governors. In the Qing dynasty, the governor also held the title. According to the system promulgated in the first year of Yongzheng, all governors who were awarded the title of Shangshu (Ministry of War) were awarded the imperial examination title of Douchayuan, and all governors who did not add the title of Shangshu were awarded the imperial examination title of assistant minister of Ministry of War and deputy of Douchayuan. The system of adding titles is mainly to enable the governor to master military power and supervision power. In the 13th year of Qianlong reign, it was also stipulated that all the university students who were concurrently governors (note: not concurrently, but concurrently, the university students were first-class, while the governors with ministers were only first-class, so they were concurrently governors, that is to say, according to the current words, their ranks were high) still took their original titles. The governor has other duties. Where there was no governor in the Qing Dynasty, the governor was in charge of the governor's affairs (another word "tube"), such as the governor of Zhili and the governor of Sichuan. There are also governors of salt policy, Huai, Zhili and Luchang. In addition, some governors also have special positions. As in the third year of the rule, the governor of Zhili added imperial envoys and three business affairs, and was appointed as the Minister of Beiyang Trade, in charge of Tianjin Customs, Shandong East Customs and Fengtian Niuzhuang Customs.

Governor: Both the Governor and the Governor are government officials, and their status is slightly lower than that of the Governor. In the Qing dynasty, the governor was an official, and all the assistant ministers of the Ministry of Military Affairs were official officials. In fact, the titles of the governor and assistant minister of the Ministry of War in the Qing Dynasty have been customized, so almost all of them are positive and second-rate, which is the so-called "Ministry Hospital". According to the official system of the Qing dynasty, the governors listed the problems to be supplemented. For example, he was promoted by a bachelor of cabinet, a bachelor of imperial academy, a deputy governor of Douchayuan, a magistrate of Shuntianfu, a magistrate of Fengtianfu, and provincial ministers. The governor has a dual title. In the first year of Yongzheng, the governor added the title system, and the assistant minister awarded the title, which was designated as the right assistant minister of the Ministry of War (which can control the relieving again) and the right assistant of Duchayuan as the royal title (which can also be supervised); Those who are promoted by bachelor, deputy magistrate, official, master book, etc. , were awarded the title of right deputy prefect; Zuo Yidu's suggestion or four-product classics hall, provincial judges and other promotions. , plus the title of right Yidu suggestion. Later, in the fourteenth year of Qianlong, it was decided that the governor, in addition to assistant minister, had the title of suggestion and history, and it was up to the emperor to decide whether to add assistant minister of the Ministry of War. Where there is no governor or prefect, the governor should add the military title of prefect to control green camp and manage expenses.

General: He is the highest commander of the Eight Banners. He is responsible for the training, equipment and assessment of the Eight Banners. In the Qing Dynasty, there were 13 generals from Ningxia, Jiangning, Hangzhou, Jingzhou, Guangzhou, Fuzhou, Chengdu, Xi 'an, Suiyuan City, Yili, Shengjing, Jilin and Heilongjiang. The rank of a general is the same as that of the governor with the title of Shang Shu. In addition to the generals stationed in the northeast and northwest, they are also in charge of local military and political affairs. The generals in the mainland only have jurisdiction over the Eight Banners, except those in Chengdu and Guangzhou, who have the right to control part of green camp. But if the general plays with the governor, the general will take the lead, which shows that although the general's real power is not as good as that of the governor, his position is still higher than that of the governor.

Prefect: In the early Qing Dynasty, those who took the title of left and right viceroy were first class, those who took the title of viceroy with them were second class, and those who took the title of viceroy as acting viceroy were second class. In the eighteenth year of Qianlong, these titles were omitted, and the prefect was appointed as the subordinate officer of Wuzhi, one level higher than the governor, and the same level as the governor, with the title of Shangshu. He was the supreme commander of green camp in various provinces, managing the military and political affairs of a province, and was called "the official of other provinces" with the governor and the governor. But in fact, the prefect is not only controlled by the governor, but also controlled by the governor.

Shangshu is a first-class person, and assistant minister is a second-class person.

The division of responsibilities between the governor and the governor is generally that the governor is in charge of the military and the governor is in charge of the prime minister's civil affairs. But in fact, the governor is also in charge of civil affairs, and the governor is also in charge of the military affairs of a province, and they all have their own direct armed forces (bid, bid). In particular, the governor added the title of prefect, that is, in charge of the army in the province. In provinces where there is no governor or no governor, the governor's department examines, proofreads and suppresses questions, takes examiners in Wuxiang, and also manages military and political affairs, just like the governor.

It should be noted that there are differences between local officials and Beijing officials in the same rank, especially civilian officials (especially middle-level officials). Generally, local governments will be downgraded by two or even three levels. If they are only downgraded by one level or not, they will be promoted. Moreover, in the Qing Dynasty, the rank of Wu Zhi was generally high. For example, the company commander was second-class (almost the same as the governor), and the number of people in a province was as small as two or three, and as many as six or seven. However, the actual jurisdiction was almost the same as that of Daotai (four-level), and it was generally several states. But then again, Wu Zhi's high rank can only explain the treatment in the Wu Zhi system, and its actual status and treatment can't be compared with the civil servants of the same rank.

College students are all first-class, including co-organizers. There are only differences in class positions. Generally, the order from high to low is Baohe Hall, Wenhua Hall, Wuying Hall, Wen Yuan Hall, Tijen Hall, East Hall and Co-organizer Hall. The usual promotion order is co-organizer-East Hall-Tijen Hall-Wuying Hall-Wenhua Hall-Baohe Hall. College students seem to be more stable than ministers. After becoming a college student, except for promotion, unless you make a mistake and get fired, you usually retire. Therefore, it seems that it is not so easy to go to college, because unless the former person retires, dies or is dismissed, the latter person will not be promoted.

As for the titles from Taishi, Taifu and Taibao to Taizi Taishi, Taizi Taifu and Taizi Taibao, since there were basically no princes in the Qing Dynasty (except the abandoned Prince Yinwa in Kangxi Dynasty), these titles were added to improve the treatment of some people. Because the higher the position, the more limited it is, so it is necessary to use these virtual positions to improve the treatment of some people who have made outstanding achievements or worked hard in certain positions.

The ministers of six departments and one hospital (hospital) have the same rank, just like the university students, but their class status is different. The complexity and importance of the affairs involved in six departments and one hospital are different, so the real power will naturally be different, so everyone's mind will be different. Generally, it is headed by the official department, followed by the military department, the etiquette department, the punishment department, the household department, and finally the industry department. Therefore, the promotion of the minister of industry to other ministers is also a promotion. However, due to its special position in the Qing Dynasty, the Lifan Academy was occupied by the Eight Banners or Mongolian princes, which could not be compared with the Six Departments.

There was no post of prime minister in the Qing Dynasty, so the military department was regarded as a member of the cabinet in the Ming Dynasty, and the minister of military affairs became the prime minister in everyone's mind. The sources of military affairs ministers are mainly selected from universities, ministers, assistant ministers and princes, but not all universities, ministers and assistant ministers can become military affairs ministers. The military affairs minister also has two foremen, Manchu and Han, headed by the military affairs minister

Finally, I'd like to borrow the grades of Qing officials who have been overused online:

Zhengyipin:

Civil servants: Taishi, Taifu, Taibao, Diange University.

Civilian diplomatic officer: none.

Wu Zhi kyou-kan: the minister in charge of guards and the minister in charge of ceremonies.

Diplomat Wu Zhi: No.

From yipin:

Civil officials: Shao Shi, Shaofu, Shaobao, Prince Taishi, Prince Taifu, Prince Taibao, co-organized by university students, ministers of ministries and institutes, and governor of Douchayuan.

Civilian diplomatic officer: none.

Wu Zhi Jing Guan: Commander and Minister of the Fifth Battalion of the Nine-door Step Army.

Wu Zhi Foreign Officials: General, Governor-General and Prefect.

Positive quadratic product:

Civil officials: Prince Shao Shi, Prince Shaofu, Prince Shaobao, assistant ministers of various ministries, assistant ministers of various institutes, and head of the internal affairs office.

Civil servant: governor

Wu Zhi Jing Guan: Commander of the Left and Right Wing Forward Battalion, Commander of the Eight Banners Guards and Marshal.

Wu Zhi Foreign Officials: Deputy Governor and General Governor.

collagen

Beijing Official: Bachelor of Cabinet, Bachelor of imperial academy.

Civilian officials: Governor-General, Foreign Minister, and Foreign Minister.

Wu Zhi Jing Guan: The Lost Minister.

Wu Zhi Diplomatic Officer: Lieutenant General.