"Classical" has two meanings: one refers to the classical style, and the other refers to the academic model. Philosophers in this period still believed that all philosophical problems should be based on the solution of metaphysical problems, and launched the most fruitful and final impact on the peak of metaphysics. As a result, German philosophers have established one brilliant metaphysical system after another, which is a model of western philosophy.
Problems faced by German philosophers: 1. The dispute between empiricism and rationalism in epistemology is deadlocked; 2. The conflict between scientific rationality and free delivery; 3. Metaphysics exists in name only.
The characteristics of German philosophy are speculative, dialectical and systematic.
(1) German philosophy has a speculative tradition. Eckhardt and Bohm's speculative mysticism, Leibniz and Wolff's rationalism, and the spirit of religious reform all show speculative characteristics. German philosophy embodies the speculative nature of philosophy most purely, and it is completely the ideological operation of "from concept to concept".
② The speculative nature of German philosophy is inseparable from its dialectical nature. Philosophers try to transcend the "intellectual thinking" of modern philosophy, advocate grasping the internal essence of things as a whole in the form of dialectics, and form conceptual dialectics.
The speculative and dialectical nature of German philosophy created conditions for the formation of a philosophical system, which enabled German philosophy to create the largest and most spectacular metaphysical system in history.
In addition, German philosophy attaches great importance to the inheritance and development of ancient philosophical traditions.