Introduction to Veterinary Specialty:
Veterinary medicine is a science that studies the prevention and treatment of livestock diseases. The health care and disease prevention of domestic animals, companion animals (such as dogs and cats), economic wild animals, experimental animals, ornamental animals, economic insects (such as bees and silkworms) and fish all belong to the category of veterinary medicine.
With the development of medical and health undertakings, the scope of veterinary medicine has now expanded to human and animal diseases, public health, environmental protection, human disease models, experimental animals, food production, pharmaceutical industry and other fields, and many new frontier disciplines have been formed, which are playing an increasingly important role in the development of agricultural production, biology and human medicine.
Veterinary medicine and medicine have the same theoretical basis, learn from each other and develop together. The main basic theories and applied disciplines of veterinary medicine include animal anatomy, animal histology and embryology, animal physiology, animal pathology, veterinary pharmacology, veterinary microbiology and animal infectious diseases, animal parasitology and parasitology, animal internal medicine, animal surgery, animal obstetrics and so on.
China's traditional veterinary medicine has a unique system, and its basic theory comes down in one continuous line with China's traditional medicine, which is a summary of China people's experience in fighting livestock diseases.
Since the 20th century, especially after the Second World War, veterinary science has developed rapidly, and has successively established small animal veterinary medicine, poultry diseases, veterinary epidemiology, animal nutrition and nutritional metabolic diseases research, anesthesiology, experimental surgery and microsurgery, veterinary toxicology and livestock poisoning, veterinary mycology, veterinary virology, veterinary immunology, human and animal diseases, animal hygiene and veterinary hygiene.
The task of modern veterinarians is not only to ensure the development of animal husbandry, but also to reduce the harm of human and animal diseases and improve the hygienic quality of animal food (meat, eggs, milk, aquatic products, etc.). ) and improve environmental sanitation, thus directly serving human health.
Veterinary clinical diagnosis and treatment work is mainly based on expensive individual livestock or breeding animals, as well as some accompanying animals and ornamental animals. Generally, the prevention and control of livestock is mainly based on whole groups.
The rapid development of industrialized intensive livestock and poultry breeding has increased the responsibilities of veterinarians in the selection of breeding sites, the design of barns, the preparation of feed additives, the formulation and implementation of immunization procedures for environmental sanitation management, disease diagnosis and immune level monitoring, so as to improve the health level of livestock and prevent the occurrence of group diseases, including infectious diseases, parasitic diseases, poisoning diseases and nutritional metabolic diseases. Hundreds of such diseases have been discovered. Infectious diseases are the most harmful, but many of them have been eliminated.
By the end of 1986, the infectious diseases of livestock in developed countries were: Denmark 18, the United States and Japan 13, Britain 10, Australia 7, the Soviet Union and the Federal Republic of Germany 6. Rinderpest, which once killed hundreds of thousands or even millions of cattle every year in China, was eliminated in 1956.
But at the same time, many new diseases have emerged, such as viral infectious diseases (such as swine vesicular disease), toxic diseases caused by serious pollution of pesticides, fertilizers and industrial wastes, nutritional and metabolic diseases. Some of them have no effective prevention and treatment methods so far, while others (such as metabolic diseases and malnutrition) are related to one-sided pursuit of high yield. This puts forward a new topic for veterinary workers.
In order to prevent the occurrence of nutritional metabolic diseases at an early stage, the current veterinary work should not only observe whether the cattle have clinical symptoms, but also determine whether the expected production indicators can be achieved under certain conditions and whether the metabolism in the body is in a balanced state. Usually, the metabolic profile of high-yield cattle is tested by blood chemical analysis to predict recessive or subclinical cases of nutritional metabolic diseases.