Current location - Education and Training Encyclopedia - University ranking - What is an understanding of things?
What is an understanding of things?
Confucian "University" put forward "three programs" and "eight items", which is the fundamental way for people to achieve "inner saints and outer kings". Knowing this "three cardinal guides and eight eyes" and faithfully practicing it, everyone can "be immune to the world and help the people." And the source of all this lies in "things". The so-called "the ancient desire to be clear about the world, to govern the country first; If you want to govern your country, you should first get your family together; If you want to reunite with your family, you should first repair your body; If you want to cultivate yourself, you should be upright first; If you want to be correct, be sincere first; Be sincere, let him know first; Knowledge exists in things. After the governor, know the reason and then be sincere, be sincere and then correct, be correct and then repair, repair and then stay at home, then govern the country at home, and govern the country and then level the world. "

Think of "learning for the sake of learning" or "teaching at the beginning of college" What it is and how to learn it is particularly important, but it is generally believed that "University" itself does not explain "learning for learning", so Zhu thinks this is the original text, so he adds a chapter. Since then, there has been a debate between different factions within the neo-Confucianism, and between thinkers of the neo-Confucianism and anti-neo-Confucianism.

What exactly is "Wu Ge"? How to "know" by "defining things"

First of all, from the original text of "University", "knowledge lies in things. From "case" is a verb-object structure phrase, in which "case" is a verb and "thing" is an object and a noun.

What exactly are "cases" and "things"? Now dictionaries provide many explanations. I think it's just a reference, because there are too many modern explanations in the dictionary now, which is not enough to understand the wisdom of ancient sages. The word "style" is so important in The University that Confucian saints must be carefully selected to clearly convey the original meaning of saints. To truly understand the original meaning of "Wu Ge", we must closely contact the original text of "Daxue" and cross into the context of the times where the four Confucian saints are located.

First of all, what does "thing" mean? In the era of Confucian Four Saints, Zhouyi must be deeply rooted in people's hearts. "Zhouyi" said: "Heaven is healthy, and gentlemen are constantly striving for self-improvement; The terrain is Kun, and the gentleman carries things with morality. " The sages must have memorized this classic sentence, of course, the meaning of "material" is also clear. What can only be carried by profound virtue? At first glance, "things" refer to everything you enjoy and have, both material and spiritual. Specifically speaking, it is mind, body, family, country, world, wealth, color, fame and profit. The meaning of "thing" in Daxue should not conflict with that in Zhouyi. Furthermore, according to the original analysis of Daxue, "things" refer to "the world, the country, the home, the body, the mind and the mind", and "things" refer to "harmony, governance, harmony, cultivation, integrity and sincerity". Obviously, these "things" have a beginning and an end, and "things are known in order"

What does "elder brother" mean? As far as the original meaning of the word "ge" is concerned, it is a pictophonetic character, from wood to wood and from wood to wood. "Wood" refers to trees. "Ge" means "cross". The combination of "wood" and "ge" means "the trunk and branches form a cross", which is interpreted by Xu Shen in the Eastern Han Dynasty as "Ge, wood looks good". What is the function of a grid like a net? The most basic thing is to use it as a sieve. The basic function of a sieve is filtration and removal. Therefore, "ge" is extended to consider, think, divide and avoid, which is very close to the original meaning. Words such as Gefei and Singer are also found in ancient Chinese, all of which are the use of the original meaning of lattice.

What does "Wu Ge" mean? Literally interpreted as "getting rid of material desires" and "paying attention to the truth of mind, body, country and world", we should get rid of poor desires such as wealth, sex, fame and fortune from the heart, and "stop at perfection" to settle our hearts, so that we can have wisdom. With wisdom, we can "know" the truth of mind, body, country and world. The so-called "peace of mind." It can be seen that "Wu Ge" is the so-called "six certificates": Zhi Zhi was later determined; Calm down first and then be quiet; Be quiet before you can be safe; Worry first; Think about it before you take it. Things start and end, and things end. If you know the order, you will find a shortcut.

The beauty of the word "Wu Ge" not only means thinking, but also implies the principle of thinking. Nowadays, people are impetuous, don't know anything, only think and can't grasp things, so they are drifting away from the sage's way.

?