Contemporary college students are faced with the employment environment of "supply and demand meet, two-way choice", influenced by subjective and objective factors, showing benign employment psychology and bad employment psychology. Strengthening the psychological analysis of college students' employment and job selection, and then giving them strong guidance, will undoubtedly make them more confident, mature and confident in the increasingly competitive job market, will undoubtedly strengthen the communication between young college students as talent suppliers and employers as talent demand users, and will undoubtedly make more effective use of the relatively tight talent resources in society.
Too ambitious
The employment of college graduates has now become the focus of family, school and society. This paper analyzes the psychological problems existing in college graduates' job selection at present, and puts forward adjustment methods from both internal and external causes.
Keywords university graduates; Choose a job; Adjust to
With the rapid development of higher education, the era of popularization of higher education in China has quietly arrived. With the expansion of enrollment, the number of college graduates has increased dramatically. It is understood that the total number of college graduates nationwide was 2.8 million in 2004 and 3.38 million in 2005. Employment has become the focus of family, school and society. Faced with such great employment pressure, every college graduate feels the seriousness of the situation. In the major life choices related to their future and destiny, college students obviously don't have enough confidence to face them calmly. Therefore, it is of great significance to give correct psychological guidance to graduates, help them prepare for employment, establish a good employment mentality and realize employment as soon as possible, which is conducive to promoting social stability and the development of national education.
First, psychological analysis of college students' job hunting
College students' psychology of job hunting and job hunting is varied. Through analysis and summary, we summed up nine typical job-hunting mentality:
(A) utilitarian psychology
This job-hunting mentality can often be seen in college students or other highly educated intellectuals. Their motivation to apply for a job or choose a job is not only a strong desire to contribute to the country, society and people, but also a desire to obtain high income and high status. Many undergraduates, master students and doctoral students flock to special economic zones, to foreign-funded enterprises, or to set up private companies integrating science, industry and trade, often out of this psychology. This tendency can be clearly seen in a recent survey of more than 2,000 college students in Beijing. When asked, "What do you think of the value of life?" The answers to "people's value lies in paying equal attention to contribution and utility" from grade one to grade four are 70. 1%, 69.0%, 72.3% and 74.3% respectively. When asked "What kind of life do you pursue", 92.4%, 92.9%, 94. 1% and 90.3% of the students in grades one to four choose "not only to contribute to society, but also to pursue personal happiness". When asked, "What is your philosophy of life?" 80.3%, 78.2%, 80.6% and 84.4% of students in grades 1 to 4 respectively chose the answer of "more contribution and more benefits". When asked, "What are your criteria for choosing a job?" College students rank "good working conditions are conducive to giving full play to their talents" in the third place. From these findings, we can clearly see the utilitarian psychology of college students in job hunting and career selection. In particular, the poverty of intellectuals, the influence of social trends and the appeal of campus commerce have induced job seekers to pursue high economic income.
(B) safety psychology
The so-called safety psychology means that some people often choose enterprises owned by the whole people from the perspective of career stability when choosing careers. This kind of psychology is often encountered in job seekers who are greatly influenced by traditional culture. For example, many college students from cadres and intellectuals often choose universities and scientific research units, thinking that these places are safe and stable although their income is not high; Some college students from workers' families often choose large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises for safety and stability. In addition, people also found that among the people who came to apply for jobs with security psychology, most of their parents "crossed the border". The parents of a college student told us; "I don't ask my children to take risks and make a lot of money. I just want to help him find a stable job, but I have to worry about being a parent. " This kind of parents will not be a minority.
(C) the mentality of seeking "fame"
Among consumers, there is a psychology of seeking fame, that is, pursuing famous brands to show their social status, and even buying counterfeit goods to satisfy vanity. Job seekers also have this psychology of seeking fame. They don't know the inherent requirements of the profession, and they don't know whether they are qualified for certain jobs. They simply pursue units with high reputation and good reputation.
(D) competitive psychology
The competition of commodity production is the source of people's competitive psychology. The restoration of the national college entrance examination system, the implementation of the scholarship and loan system in colleges and universities, the implementation of the paid contract system in scientific research units, the flow of talents and the abolition of the tenure system for cadres are all advocating and protecting competition, thus strengthening people's competitive psychology.
Competitive psychology is very obvious in the process of job hunting and career selection. According to a college student who has been employed by Hilton Shanghai, "The first thing that attracts me is the high salary and good treatment. In addition, frankly speaking, I am not satisfied with the working environment of the previous institute. Some people say that I am not satisfied, and it is comfortable enough to do leisure work in a famous unit. Why should I transfer? I can be angry at this leisure, there is nothing to do, and people can't adjust. I am willing to participate in all kinds of competitions, I am willing to work quickly and efficiently, and I hope I can enjoy myself freely after work. How happy! " This college student's outspokenness represents many people's job-hunting mentality.
Leisure psychology
Leisure psychology refers to the pursuit of comfort and leisure when applying for a job. In some big cities, there is often a strange phenomenon, that is, no one wants to do some jobs, while some people have no jobs, which makes a large number of rural "blind flows" fill the gap. In a job interview in Beijing, it is often seen that many people with job cards are "choosy" to find jobs. They would rather lose their jobs than be coal miners, textile workers and cleaners ... The recruitment desks in other departments are crowded with people. The author asked one of the young women, and the answer was astounding: "It's the 1990s, and there's no way for us to operate those heavy spinning machines!" ! I'd rather stay idle and be self-employed than do a job that contributes a lot and earns less money. "Leisure psychology may be only a minority among college students seeking jobs.
(6) defecation psychology.
The psychology of seeking convenience is a job-hunting mentality of those who want to be close to home or pursue the convenience of life. There are often many contradictions between career and family, work and life, which cause a lot of inconvenience, thus causing the psychology of seeking convenience when choosing a job. A university lecturer who lives in Beijing and works alone in other places condescends to be a night watchman for family reunion.
This psychology of seeking convenience can also be seen in the tendency of college students to choose jobs. According to a survey conducted by the relevant departments of Beijing 1988, when asked "If you are free to choose where to work after graduation, which areas do you choose first", 23.2% of college students choose Beijing. 2 1.0% chose coastal open cities; 16.7% chose other big cities. The reason is for the convenience of life and study. During the period of 1987, when we surveyed students in some colleges and universities and were asked this question, 24.2% of college students chose big cities; 2 1.0% chose units close to home, and only a few chose remote areas. It can be seen that the position of toilet-seeking psychology in college students' job selection.
(7) Dedication psychology
This kind of psychology is common among job seekers who have established a correct outlook on life and career choice. For example, people's liberation army soldiers who give up inheriting huge foreign wealth and are determined to defend their country; State organ cadres who are willing to be screws; Teachers who are willing to be "candles" to burn themselves and illuminate others; A scientific researcher willing to be a ladder; For the needs of the country, they are willing to be "unsung heroes" or people who volunteer to work in the frontier and so on. With excellent ideological quality and strong dedication to the people, the motherland and the cause, they resolutely choose the jobs that the country urgently needs. These people are the backbone of our Chinese nation and can often make greater achievements. Dedication is the professional ethics that we strongly advocate in vocational guidance.
(8) Conformity psychology
Conformity psychology will often be encountered in job hunting. Some college students are looking for hot jobs on job-hunting websites. The more people apply, the greater their desire for these jobs. As a result, people are crowded into narrow alleys such as "foreign-funded" enterprises, hotels and foreign trade departments when applying for jobs, and some even "dedicate themselves" or are deceived. Therefore, in the employment guidance, we have repeatedly warned students that job hunting and job selection is a serious and solemn event, which must be seriously considered and handled with caution, and must not blindly follow the crowd "by feeling".
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(A) the existence of "elite consciousness" and high expectations for work
In recent years, although China's higher education has realized the transformation to "popularization", many college graduates still have elite consciousness. They regard themselves as the "sons of heaven" and think that it is "I will choose a job" rather than "choose a career", and they are very picky about the employment units and positions they apply for. It is particularly obvious that students studying in some economically developed areas such as Beijing and Shanghai have high demands on salary and working environment when choosing jobs.
(B) can not correctly understand and face the increasingly fierce employment competition
Contemporary college students have realized that when they graduate, they must put themselves into the talent market and compete fiercely with others. However, in the face of fierce competition in the job market, they often feel worried, as shown below:
1. Fear: Some students usually don't study hard to accumulate experience, and their knowledge, ability and psychological preparation for job hunting are not sufficient. After several setbacks in job hunting, they feel scared, nervous and even desperate when it comes to job hunting.
2. Impatience: Some college students are impatient and impatient when applying for jobs because of the pressure of employment. They signed the contract in a hurry without knowing the employer in detail. Once they find out that they didn't do it, they will regret it. This impatience of college students often makes them fidgety and lack self-control.
3. Inferiority: Some college students have a strong inferiority complex due to imperfect self-awareness, introversion or some physical defects. They lack self-confidence when choosing a job, dare not recommend themselves boldly, and actively show their abilities and personality.
4. Arrogance: Some college students with super self-esteem have too high self-esteem. In the process of choosing a job, they look down on this unit and that occupation. This mountain looks at that one. It's so high.
(C) can not correctly understand success, there is luck.
Influenced by the social atmosphere, many college students are eager to take shortcuts to succeed, dreaming of Bill? Gates-style success, overnight wealth, success, lack of mental preparation for hard work, do not want to start from small things, start from the grassroots, and make a career of their own.
Heavy dependence.
In the process of choosing a job, some college students pin their hopes on their parents and relatives, hoping to complete the transformation from students to professionals by networking; There are also some college students who pin their hopes on the school, hoping that the school can be a "full-time nanny", showing the psychology of passive waiting and lacking the initiative to seize opportunities and create opportunities.
9) Dependence psychology
"Depend on parents at home and friends when going out", a popular social slang is also affecting the psychology of contemporary college students in choosing jobs. Many college students are dominated by their parents or middle school teachers when they fill in the college entrance examination volunteers. Near graduation, these people put their hopes for employment on schools and teachers, and they have a dependence that "everything will be solved eventually". Even though the graduation distribution system has undergone great changes, there are still a large number of college students who hope that the country will continue to "unify distribution." On the one hand, they also hope to find satisfactory jobs, on the other hand, they don't want to run around by themselves. So some seek help from their parents thousands of miles away, others look around and make up their minds about their careers.
Second, the adjustment methods of college students' job hunting mentality
(A) the gradual adjustment and improvement of college students themselves
1. Evaluate yourself objectively and establish a correct professional outlook. Every college graduate must first recognize himself, have a proper self-orientation, evaluate himself objectively, and understand what he can and cannot do. Secondly, he must realize the seriousness of the current employment situation, and at the same time establish social awareness and long-term awareness of his career. In the process of job hunting and choosing a job, we have a correct evaluation of ourselves and a long-term understanding and judgment of society, so as to accurately locate our professional coordinates, design our professional career, and combine national interests with personal interests.
2. Understand the game objectively and keep a good attitude. In a competitive society, a good attitude is indispensable, because everyone has his own advantages and disadvantages. At the same time, as a member of society, he has his own corresponding position and different division of labor. It's normal to encounter setbacks in job hunting and career selection, so he must not feel inferior. In the face of failure in job hunting, he should seriously reflect, learn from experience and strive for new opportunities. In the survey of some successful graduates, most of them talked about finding their own "selling points", their own advantages or strengths in the process of choosing jobs, and trying to highlight their "selling points" in the application, and finally achieving their goals.
3. Establish the consciousness of hard work and the determination to be a success. A successful career will sometimes be smooth sailing because of good opportunities, but most of them have to work hard. Hard work, self-improvement and determination to become a success are not only the requirements of socialist modernization for the younger generation, but also the prescription for college students to realize their self-worth, ideals and ambitions and obtain happiness. Only by continuous efforts, continuous progress and continuous efforts can college students get rich returns; Only by starting from small things, starting from concrete things and starting from the grassroots can we finally achieve brilliant results and achievements.
4. Prepare for employment skills and enhance the competitiveness of employment. As soon as college students enter school, they should consciously link their majors with future employment, study hard, study hard, establish a reasonable knowledge structure, master solid professional theoretical knowledge, and cultivate practical operation ability, scientific thinking ability, organization and coordination ability, etc. Only in this way can they occupy a favorable position in the fierce competition. (Continued to page 202)
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(B) external active assistance and support to create conditions for the employment of college students.
1. The government should strengthen macro-control and improve the job market. At present, it is difficult for government agencies at all levels and state-owned enterprises and institutions in China to attract more college graduates, but the non-public economy, underdeveloped remote provinces, key state units and industries with difficult conditions, and township enterprises below the county level are in urgent need of these knowledge-based talents. Therefore, the government must strengthen macro-control, proceed from reality, and introduce regulations and measures that meet the actual employment situation of students. Such as household registration management, personnel file management, professional and technical post evaluation and employment, old-age insurance, medical insurance and other social security supporting policies and implementation methods, in order to relieve the worries of college graduates in choosing jobs, and give preferential treatment to college students in remote provinces and difficult national key units and industries and implement them.
At present, there are a series of problems in the labor market of college students in China, such as no unified management and multiple policies; The management of recruitment market is chaotic; There are obvious academic differences, school differences and gender differences; The employer is not honest and so on. The society should establish a fair, just and open employment mechanism, establish a standardized and perfect employment market, provide every talented graduate with a stage to show himself, and give them an opportunity to try, so that graduates can really find their own point of convergence with society and realize their own life value.
2. Colleges and universities should deepen education reform and enhance the employment competitiveness of college students. The change of society, the development of technology and the acceleration of knowledge update put forward higher requirements for college students. Colleges and universities must reform the talent training mode, deepen the education reform, vigorously promote quality education, and make talent training meet the needs of the market. Schools should attach importance to cultivating students' professional competitiveness, practical ability, adaptability, sustainable development competitiveness, innovation ability, ideological quality and psychological quality, enhance the employment competitiveness of college students, and enable graduates to have more employment opportunities.
3. Colleges and universities should strengthen employment guidance and education for college students. Colleges and universities should strengthen the publicity and education of college students' employment situation and employment policy, and introduce the employment situation not only in the local area but also in the whole country; Help college students understand their own personality psychology and the requirements of their profession for personality psychology, strengthen ideological education and political mobilization, guide college students and parents to clearly understand the current employment situation, establish a peaceful mentality, and set up employment expectations and employment orientation from their own conditions.
Secondly, colleges and universities should strengthen the information collection, employment data statistics, industry demand analysis and labor market prospect analysis of employers, establish a mature information release system, and let college students fully obtain employment information; It is also necessary to help students master interview skills such as preparing self-recommendation materials, overcome various obstacles in the job search process, and achieve smooth employment.
4. Family education cooperates with school education to improve students' enthusiasm and initiative in employment. Parents of students must be promoters of their children's employment. Parents should take the lead in overcoming the local concept and traditional employment concept, guide their children to form the idea that "labor is employment" and "finding a job depends on themselves", encourage their children to participate in the competition, help them form a sense of self-reliance, actively strive for employment opportunities, and urge them to take up their jobs as soon as possible.
In a word, the employment of college students is a social problem. First, college students should determine their ideals and goals, strive to improve their own quality, establish a sense of competition, overcome the psychology of comparison, anxiety, fear and dependence, and constantly improve their cultural quality, technical quality and psychological quality; At the same time, society, schools and families should also create a relaxed environment for college students' employment, so that our students can apply what they have learned, give full play to their strengths and better serve the society.