In the dilapidated tin-roofed classroom in The National SouthWest Associated University, the noise is too loud in rainy days, and the deafening rain drowned out the teacher's voice, so the teacher wrote the words "sit still and listen to the rain" on the blackboard, and took this material boredom as a spiritual enjoyment with the students.
A passage from National Southwest Associated University in the movie "Don't Ask Anything" is the most touching. In fact, National Southwest Associated University is not the only one that moved during the Anti-Japanese War and was "ragged but energetic". Why do we think of the universities during the Anti-Japanese War first, that is, the national The National SouthWest Associated University, or the national The National SouthWest Associated University has the highest "missed inspection rate"?
1.
Tragedy education moves westward.
From 65438 to 0937, Japan began to invade China in an all-round way. Tsinghua, Peking University and Nankai moved to Changsha, Hunan Province to establish temporary universities. In just one month, the Japanese army attacked Xiangshui along the Yangtze River. The third school can only continue to move south. From Hunan and Yunnan to the border city of Kunming, Southwest Associated University was established. The eighth year of the congress (1938- 1946) happened to be the eighth year of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, China. As the school song of the United Nations General Assembly sings: Long March, Farewell to the Five Dynasties Palace; I stopped for a while at Hengshan Xiangshui and left again ... The tragic feeling was deeply moving.
Changsha temporary university former site
In the bonfire of the Anti-Japanese War, dozens of universities have had the experience of moving away and splitting. The relocation of Central University, Northwest Associated University, Wuhan University and Zhejiang University was also tortuous and touching.
For example, Fudan first moved to Jiangxi and then moved to Chongqing. Zhejiang University first moved from Hangzhou to Jiangxi, then to Guangxi and then to Guizhou. In more than two years, I moved five times, and each time I quickly resumed classes under extremely difficult conditions.
The earliest relocation, the least damage, the earliest placement is the National Central University. 1935 Luo Jialun, president of Central University, estimated the protracted war and went to Chongqing to inspect the school. After returning to Ning, he hurried to make wooden boxes. After the "August 13th" bombing, Japanese planes dropped bombs on a building of Nanjing Central University, and Luo Jialun immediately removed them. They move very cleanly. "Thousands of people are organized in a planned way, and thousands of boxes of things go west", and even 24 corpses used for autopsy in medical colleges and animals from livestock farms in agricultural colleges were moved to Chongqing-some of them were transported to Chongqing in advance by "a boat full of books on chickens and dogs". Luo Jialun said that he "went to town from school one evening and met them on the way, as if they were reunited after chaos. This is really sad and happy. "
Zhang Boling, president of Nankai University, later described the situation of the two universities as "chickens and dogs stay". Nankai University was bombed by the Japanese, but the Central University did not move. When Nankai moved, the school didn't move much.
People always refer to a group of master scholars gathered at the conference, such as Chen Yinque, Qian Mu, Jin, Wu Mi, Pan Guangdan, Wen Yiduo, Fei Xiaotong, Shen Congwen and Hua. However, in terms of comprehensive strength, the General Assembly at that time was far less than the Central University.
All the teachers and students of The National SouthWest Associated University Chinese Department took a group photo in front of the classroom. Second row from left: Pujiang Qing, Zhu Ziqing, Feng Youlan, Wen Yiduo, Tang Lan, You Guoen, Luo Yong, Xu, Wang Li and Shen Congwen.
In the whole war, the geographical advantage of Central University in Chongqing, the capital of Chongqing, was not weakened in all aspects, but developed more. According to the statistics of the Ministry of Education 1945, the number of professors in the Central University is only twice that of the National The National SouthWest Associated University. It is also far superior to other schools in terms of discipline scale, teaching achievements and funds enjoyed by departments. However, life is just as difficult. Students only have one suit all year round, so sewing is like patchwork. President Chiang Kai-shek couldn't stand it anymore and made uniforms for everyone.
At that time, the national The National SouthWest Associated University was not dominant in all aspects, especially compared with the Central University. However, looking back 80 years later, when it comes to China University during the Anti-Japanese War, the national The National SouthWest Associated University is the most admired.
2.
Master running the school and building the spirit of freedom
The attraction of the United Nations General Assembly may lie in its unrepeatable composition. When the elites of the three famous universities get together, and generate is in conflict, generate will definitely have the spark of generate.
When people mention the conference today, they are all admiring the close cooperation and complementary advantages among the three universities. In fact, in the early days of the founding of the General Assembly, it was not without contradictions. Every school has its own proud history and unique school spirit, and it is inevitable that "scholars despise each other."
Wen Liming, the grandson of Wen Yiduo, said that at the beginning of the merger, there were contradictions in staffing and department settings, and it was not until 194 1 that the three universities got a good run-in. Qian Mu wrote in Miscellaneous Notes of Teachers and Friends that when Mei Yiqi appointed the deans and department heads of various institutes of the General Assembly, some of them were biased towards Tsinghua, which caused dissatisfaction among teachers and students of Peking University. Qian Mu, a professor in the history department of Peking University, and Jiang Menglin, the principal, persuaded everyone that peace was the most important thing when the country was in trouble, and this only calmed down.
After the conference was established, Jiang Menglin of Peking University, Zhang Boling of Nankai University and Mei Yiqi of Tsinghua formed a standing committee to jointly manage school affairs. In order to reduce friction, Zhang Boling and Jiang Menglin adopted the strategy of "inaction" and gave power to Mei Yiqi, who was younger than them. Zhang Boling said to Mei, "You wear my watch", which means "You represent me". Zhang Boling was a teacher in Mei Yiqi middle school, and he respected the teacher's opinions. Later, Zhang Boling went to Chongqing to open Nankai Middle School, and Jiang Menglin also went to Chongqing to find another job. Mei Yiqi became the actual president of the conference.
From left to right: Zhang Bailing, Mei Yiqi and Jiang Menglin.
One of the major characteristics of school management in Mei Yiqi is democracy, and "professors govern schools" is practiced. Yang Zhensheng, secretary-general of the school committee, is a professor of Chinese Department, while Pan Guangdan, dean of the school, and Huang Yusheng, founder of the school, are both academic leaders, so there is no question of laymen leading experts. The professor put forward the strategy of running the school. When Mei Yiqi expresses his opinion, he usually only says three words: "I follow the crowd."
Externally, the geographical conditions in the southwest corner give the congress more autonomy. At that time, the Central University was closest to the National Government, so it could only keep its word for a period of time. At one time, Chiang Kai-shek even served as the president himself, while the National Southwest Associated University was far away in Kunming, and the National Government was beyond his "professorship".
3.
Broken but full of vitality.
Not only freedom, but also the intersection of knowledge and spirit. The same course originally offered by three schools can be taught at the same time in the general meeting, and students can choose freely. Wen Yiduo, a professor of Chinese Department of Tsinghua University, and Luo Yong, a professor of Chinese Department of Peking University, both study the Songs of the South, and their research angles and viewpoints are completely different, so they both talk about the Songs of the South and sing "anti-Taiwan drama". The general history course of China in the history department was taught by three famous teachers, Lei Haizong, Wu Han and Qian Mu, and three famous teachers hit the ball, which greatly enriched the students.
National Southwest Associated University, a student is in class.
Famous teachers give lectures on basic courses, and young teachers offer elective courses. This is the rule of the conference, in order to lay a good foundation for students and inherit the tradition of "generalist education" in Tsinghua. Moreover, many famous teachers teach a basic course together, one is to protect academic freedom, the other is to strengthen competition, because the choice is in the hands of students, and professors will pay more attention to teaching quality.
Lack of tuition funds, the conference once demolished the iron roof to sell money and replaced it with a thatched roof. The headmaster's family was in a difficult life, and Mei Yiqi's wife had to sell homemade cakes, sweaters and scarves to supplement the family. Zhu Ziqing has many children at home, so he can only wear hemp fiber to keep out the cold in winter. Wen Yiduo carved seals and worked as a part-time middle school teacher for a living.
The National SouthWest Associated University schoolhouse designed by Liang Sichenglin.
Even so, professors still take their research very seriously. Every time Chen Yinque attends class, she will come into the classroom early and copy down the main historical materials on the blackboard word by word. At that time, Mr. Feng Youlan was the literary dean of the conference, and he admired Chen Yinque very much. Whenever Chen Yinque attends the History of China Philosophy, Feng Youlan always follows him, watching Chen Yinque step onto the platform, and then sitting in the audience listening and taking notes.
Yang Zhenning said that during the UN General Assembly, the physics he learned in Kunming had reached the world level at that time. The field theory he read at that time was more profound than the field theory he later read at the University of Chicago.
Mei Yiqi has a famous saying: "The so-called university is not a building, but a master." There is no building in the congress, but there are "masters" who will eventually become the "big" of the university. People use "ragged but full of vitality" to describe the national The National SouthWest Associated University, which is in contrast with the increasingly affluent universities, but increasingly secular and utilitarian, and then draws the realistic significance of the national The National SouthWest Associated University to China University.
1938 Some professors from The National SouthWest Associated University took a group photo, from left to Zhou Peiyuan, Liang Sicheng, Lin, Jin and Wu.
4.
A pure heart, seeking benevolence and benevolence
Because of the fall of the country, the people of the United Nations General Assembly who moved south to Kunming once compared their situation with the three south crossings in China's history. The war is raging, the country is in danger, and I am in the southwest, often looking at the Central Plains. "I am painful to cross the south and resign from the palace." Looking at the Central Plains, full of blood ",is very sad.
Most of the professors at the congress have studied in Europe and America, but they received traditional education, which obviously left a Confucian color on the ethical level. This feature makes them demand to be moral models and more perfect people.
Zhang Boling's son, Zhang Xizhou, was in the Air Force and died in the Battle of Shanghai and Shanghai. He is only 25 years old. After learning the bad news, Zhang Boling said, "I promised my country with this son. I care what I did today. I want a benevolent person. Why bother? " Mei Yiqi's son and daughter are both studying at the conference. He often said that saving the country will not take a day, and teachers and students should focus on academics for future needs. But when the army was in urgent need of translators and medical personnel, he asked his son and daughter to join the army.
For college students, some people love Wen Yiduo, a spiritual mentor, who is fearless in times of crisis and bloody and just; Some people love academic Qian Mu and the atmosphere in which he remembers national history in difficult times. Shen Guangyao and Wu Linglan in "Nothing to Ask the West" are the portrayal of these two feelings and choices of joint college students.
Among the United college students at that time, 800 joined the army like Shen Guangyao, and there were also 1 100 people. According to the inscription on the monument of National Southwest Associated University, 834 students have joined the army since War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. According to the data in the book "National Southwest Associated University in My Heart: Collection of 70th Anniversary of the Founding of National Southwest Associated University", the actual number of college students joining the army is 1000, of which 14 died for the country. Just like Lin's famous mourning poem: this is the requirement of the times, simple, you gave it.
Shen, the prototype of Shen Guangyao in the movie "Nothing to Ask about the Western Heaven" (Part Two)
Later, the memories of historian He Zhaowu, sociologist Liu Xuyi and writer Wang Zengqi all emphasized the strong academic atmosphere of the conference and the kindness and sincerity of teachers and students. We look forward to the national The National SouthWest Associated University, feel its prosperity and admire its splendor, because the students of the General Assembly, such as, Zhu Guangya, He Zhaowu and Ren, are the benchmark figures in our current cultural order.
National Southwest Associated University was born in an unrepeatable history, but it was quietly hidden. Apart from history, the only thing that can prove its existence is probably the generation and others who shaped it. And because we can't get out of that era, the charm of the conference may far exceed the charm of all universities today.
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