National universities and public universities: universities directly established by the Japanese national government and fully funded by the state.

Private university: a university mainly operated by private capital, generally refers to a university invested by non-local or central government, which relies entirely or partially on students' tuition fees instead of public funds to maintain its operation. Universities have the right to choose their own universities.

2. Different emphases:

National universities and public universities: most public universities in China are research universities;

Private universities: Domestic private universities are generally not as good as public universities because of funding problems, and most of them focus on social practice.

3. Different tuition discounts:

All public universities in Japan have universities (graduate schools) offering master's and doctoral courses. Students studying in Japanese national universities hold study visas and have more reimbursement policies and preferential subsidies than private universities in applying for scholarships, enjoying medical insurance, employment and transportation concessions.

References:

Baidu Encyclopedia-National University of Japan

Baidu Encyclopedia-Japanese Private University