Lima is the capital and the largest port of Peru. Lima is located in western Peru, near the Pacific Ocean, with little rain all year round. It is a world-famous "No rain town", and it is foggy and humid in winter. Lima was chosen as the capital of Peru in 1535 because of its convenient seaport. For most of the colonial period, Lima has been the most important political and commercial power center in South America. This glorious past was reflected in colonial architecture, which won Lima the reputation of "World Cultural Heritage" awarded by UNESCO. Lima is the cultural center of this country. San Marcos University is the most famous institution of higher learning in Peru. Founded in 155 1, it is the first university in American history. There are many museums in Lima, among which the Golden Museum is the first one. The ancient city of caral, located at185km north of Lima, was built in 2600 BC. It is the ruins of an ancient city at the same time as the Egyptian pyramids, and it is also the oldest city in the United States. ?

Fortaleza del Royal Felipe

Known as the largest and strongest castle built by Spain in the American colonies,

Fortaleza del Royal Felipe

As a typical architectural style of European castles in the middle of16th century, it is one of the most complete and meaningful military defense projects of Spanish royal architecture. It is located on the coast of callao, guarding the entire port of callao, and has the potential to guard ten thousand people by one person. The Royal Felipe Castle is now an army military museum, which introduces the history of the formation and growth of the secret army, as well as the heroes, weapons and equipment, and traditions in various historical periods, including a memorial to Colonel Francisco Polonegesi Cervantes, the founder of the Peruvian army and the defender of the 1868 castle.

Pachakamak site

Located in the "Lulin Valley" more than 20 kilometers south of Lima, the site occupies an important position in the history of ancient Peruvian civilization. It rose around 200 BC and reached its peak in the 5th century. 1533 was destroyed by the invading Spanish colonists. It was originally the land temple of the indigenous people in the pre-Inca period, and was later conquered by the Inca kingdom, becoming the most famous temple on the central coast of Peru, which is famous for its solemnity, solemnity and grandeur. The tallest building is called Sun Palace (or Sun Temple), which is 6 stories high, backed by the sea and built on the top of the mountain. There is an observatory behind the main hall, which is used to watch the sun and make the lunar calendar accordingly. There is also a moon palace in the low-lying area on the other side of the Sun Temple.

National Museum

The National Museum is located in the San borja district of Lima. The ninth floor of the building,

National Museum

This is a building with unique appearance and internal structure. Built in 1976, it was originally the office building of Fisheries Department. After the Ministry of Fisheries moved out, it became the National Bank Building. 1988 18 On March 4th, according to the supreme decree of Peru on the construction of the National Museum, this building was designated as the site of the National Museum. It opened in February 1990 and opened to the public in March of the same year 1. Since then, it has become one of the most important cultural sites in the secret.

Gold Museum

The Peruvian Museum of Gold Products and World Weapons, referred to as the Gold Museum, is located in Monterico District, Lima. Founded in 1966, it is a private collection museum. The museum mainly displays the cultural relics collected by the family of Miguel mujica Gallo, an agronomist, financier and diplomat.

Cusco

The famous ancient city in southern Peru, the capital of the ancient Inca Empire, is now the capital of Cuzco Province. A tourist resort, famous for its Inca monuments. "Cuzco" means "the center of the world" in Quechua. Located in the upper reaches of Birganotta River, in the basin of Andean Plateau, with an altitude of 34 10/0m. Commanding, surrounded by mountains, lush trees and cool climate, Peruvians call it "the jewel in the crown of the Andes". Cuzco is the cradle of splendid ancient Inca culture.

Machu picchu

The ruins of the ancient Inca Empire in southern Peru are the most famous tourist attractions in Peru. 1983, Machu Picchu was designated as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO. Machu Picchu is known as the "lost city" of the Inca Empire. The Spaniards knew nothing about this during the colonial rule of more than 300 years, and no one set foot in Peru in 100 after independence. "Machu Picchu" means "ancient mountain top" in Inca. Located on the plateau 1 12km northwest of Cuzco, the capital of the ancient Inca Empire, surrounded by mountains. On both sides of the ancient city are 600-meter cliffs, facing the swift Urubamba River. Area 13 square kilometer, elevation 2280 meters. It was probably built four or five hundred years ago. 19 1 1 year was discovered by Heller bingaman, a professor of South American history at Yale University.

Parakas nature reserve

Located 247 kilometers south of Lima, in Ica province, 0/9 kilometers away from pisco/KLOC, with a total area of 330,000 hectares, it is a famous tourist attraction on the Pacific coast of Peru. The most fascinating part of the reserve is Islas las Ballestas, which consists of South Island, North Island, Middle Island and six key islands. Among them, the North Island is the largest, with an area of 64 hectares and a distance of 1 1 km from the coast.

Nazca earth painting

American Paul Kosoko discovered it in 1939 when he was studying the irrigation system of ancient Indians in Nazca area. Located more than 300 kilometers south of Lima, the capital of Peru. It is a large number of huge lines scattered on the dry sand surface of 250 square kilometers, dozens of centimeters deep and hundreds of meters to several kilometers long. Lines and arrows are the main patterns, but there are also other geometric patterns and animal patterns, such as hummingbirds and capuchin monkeys. Because of its huge size, you need to fly in the air to see the whole picture. On June 5438+0994+February 14, UNESCO decided to protect this relic as a human cultural heritage.

arequipa

The third largest city in Peru, the capital of Arequipa province in the south, and one of the oldest cities in Peru. Located at the foot of the misty volcano, in the valley at an altitude of 2300 meters. There is a misty volcano covered with snow, surrounded by mountains, with trees and beautiful scenery. It is said that when Meita Capac, the supreme ruler of the ancient Inca Empire, arrived here, he praised Zuo Zuo and said "Arequipa", meaning "Well, let's stay here". The name of this city comes from this sentence.

Ciudad Ayacucho

A mountain city in south-central Peru, the capital and commercial center of Ayacucho province. Located on the eastern slope of the western Cordillera Mountains, it is 2746 meters above sea level. The northwest is surrounded by rolling hills, 57 1 km from the capital Lima. The Spanish-style buildings here are well preserved, with a strong religious atmosphere and many churches, many of which are decorated with gorgeous murals. ?

Vanuko

The capital of the Peruvian province of Vanuco. An intermountain basin located in the upper reaches of the Valyaga River in the middle, with an altitude of 19 12m. 1539, Spanish colonists built a city near the stone city of Yunukui, the ancient city of Inca Empire, which is now the ancient city of Wanuko, 56 kilometers west of the city, and then moved to the present site. It is one of the oldest Spanish cities in Latin America. Five kilometers away from the city, there is an ancient temple built in BC 1900. There are stone statues with crossed hands in the temple, so it is called the fork hand temple, which is the oldest temple in the United States.

Old Vanuco City

One of the ruins of the Inca Empire in central Peru. Located in Dos de Mahon province, it is 40km away from Wanuko/Kloc-0. It was once called the city of Unukui, also known as Wanuko Pampa. As an Indian city, it was built in15th century, and was abandoned when the Spanish colonists invaded in16th century. The city has 3,500 buildings and more than 500 round or square cellars. Among them, the castle built with carved stones is the most famous, covering an area of 2.5 square kilometers.

Peruvian Amazon region

In Indian, the Amazon River means "breaking the canoe river". Originated in Peru, it flows through Brazil and enters the sea, with a total length of more than 6,400 kilometers, which is 680 kilometers in Peru. It is the largest river in the world, with a water depth of 240 meters and a rising seasonal flow of 300,000 cubic meters per second. Except for a few towns, the 1200 tribes scattered in the Amazon basin are still in a state of slash and burn.

lake titicaca

The highest and largest freshwater lake in South America is also one of the highest freshwater lakes in the world. Located at the junction of Bolivia and Peru, the Coyo Plateau is known as the "Pearl of the Plateau". Legend has it that Ikaka, the daughter of the water god, fell in love with the young sailor Tito and got married. After the water god discovered it, he drowned Tito. Ikaka turned Tito into a hill and turned himself into a huge lake of tears. Indians combined their names and called them "Tito Lake". It covers an area of 8330 square kilometers. Two fifths of them are in Peru. Lake Titicaca is one of the cradles of Indian culture in South America. Indians call it the holy lake. The Aymara people believe that the gods who created the sun and the stars in the sky that they worshipped for generations also came from the bottom of the lake.

world heritage

By 20 1 1 year, Peru will have 1 1 World Heritage Sites, as follows? ：

Machu picchu ancient city

At an altitude of 2430 meters, it is located in the mountains. In Inca, it means "ancient mountain top" and enjoys the reputation of "Pompeii" in Peru. 1983 is listed as human cultural heritage by UNESCO.

Cuzco city

The Inca Empire established its capital here around 1 120, which is the cradle of ancient Inca culture and known as "the jewel in the crown of the Andes". Its name means "the center of the world" and "the navel of the earth" in Inca. 1983 is listed as human cultural heritage by UNESCO.

Xia Wen Archaeological Site (Chawen Archaeological Site)

Xia culture is one of the plateau cultures in the Andes of Peru, which can be traced back to 1500 BC to 300 BC. Xiawen City has criss-crossing corridors, tall temples and pyramids, and numerous stone carvings. Large stone buildings and animal-shaped decorations are very distinctive. 1985 is listed as human cultural heritage by UNESCO.

Waskalan National Park

Located in the Blanca Mountains, the highest tropical mountain in the world, with an altitude of 6,768 meters, there are many valleys, lush vegetation and fast-flowing water, and it is the habitat of spectacled bears and Andean vultures. 1985 is listed as a world natural heritage by UNESCO.

Great Wall Archaeological Area (Great Wall Site)

Located in northern Peru, it is the center of Chim civilization. This civilization began around 850 AD and died in 1470. Tucheng is the power center of the empire. There are tens of thousands of buildings in the city, and the streets crisscross like a maze. Some buildings are as high as 10 meter. There are exquisite reliefs around the roofs of palaces and temples. 1986 is listed as human cultural heritage by UNESCO.

Manu national park

It is located in the southeast of Peru, with an area of 6,543.8+0.5 million hectares and an altitude of 654.38+0.50 to 4,200 meters. Climate types are diverse, and there are extremely rich species of animals and plants. There are more than 1000 species of birds, accounting for about 15% of the total number of birds in the world. 1987 is listed as a world natural heritage by UNESCO.

Lima ancient city

Founded in 1535, it was the center of Spanish colonial rule in South America before the middle of18th century. There are a lot of colonial buildings in the old city, which is called "the king city". 1988 is listed as human cultural heritage by UNESCO.

Rio Abbiso National Park (Abbiso River National Park)

Built in 1983, it covers an area of more than 270,000 hectares and is rich in animal and plant resources. It is the habitat of yellow-haired monkeys and long-haired spider monkeys, and there are 36 ancient sites of Chachapoya in the park. 1990 is listed as a world natural and cultural heritage by UNESCO.

Nazca and Jumana Grassland Line Painting (Nazca Land Painting)

Located in the southeast of Peru, the whole valley is covered with triangles, quadrangles, diamonds and spirals composed of "ditches" with different widths. They respectively constitute the outlines of lizards, spiders, Shan Ying, cacti and other animals and plants. Known as "the eighth wonder of the world". 1994 is listed as human cultural heritage by UNESCO.

The historic center of Arequipa.

The old city was founded in 1540, which combines baroque and Andean local styles. Most of the buildings are white and smooth volcanic rocks, enjoying the reputation of "Baicheng". In 2000, it was listed as a human cultural heritage by UNESCO.

Caral ancient city

Its history can be traced back to 2600 BC to 2000 BC. The ancient city is built around six pyramids, with an amphitheater and a main temple in the middle. Due to the age, the pyramids have been integrated with the surrounding rocks due to weathering. 1994 Archaeological discovery was listed as a world cultural heritage by UNESCO in 2009.

National symbol

Spiral p symbolizes all kinds of history born in this land. It conveys a kind of change, change and metamorphosis, and like a fingerprint composed of lines, it conveys the concept of "Peru is for all". At the same time, the handwritten font composed of lines shows that Peruvians pursue their own path in their unique interests. According to the introduction of relevant departments in Peru, the design team visited Peru many times in 2009, and their footprints were all over Peru. On some historical sites in Peru, we can really find some places that echo this sign structure, such as terraced monuments and the famous giant paintings and lines of Nazca. In fact, the original logo is also worth reading. A hummingbird flew out of the line drawn on the ground, turned into a bright and real open state and flew into the sky. In a sense, although it is a bit straightforward, it is really difficult to reflect the history of Peru, and its significance is also very positive. A simple understanding of these backgrounds may help us to know more about this constellation. As a symbol of a country's image, Peru's logo has adopted a slightly lively style, but it has not fallen into the more common "ink feeling" of the same type of logo.