1. Industrialized operation, invested and built by enterprises. Enterprises have the property rights of urban facilities and carry out industrialized management. Enterprises provide all teaching and living facilities and do a good job in logistics services. Schools hand over all consumer markets to enterprises and operate according to market principles.
2. Colleges and universities staying in the university town use urban resources with compensation, and run their own schools under the guidance and coordination of the urban management department and the education department. The school is the main body of running a school, and its teaching activities are not influenced by enterprises.
3. The urban area is fully functional, and the whole urban area is planned and constructed according to the urban community model, forming an urban community with specific overall functions and environmental characteristics with several universities as the core. The construction and management of urban areas pay attention to the utilization and enjoyment of resources, with a high degree of socialization. Many colleges and universities, especially those located in big cities, have campuses located in downtown areas of cities, and the land in the campuses is extremely tight. Some universities replace the old campus with higher land price in the central area of the city, buy land with lower price in the suburbs of the city, and then build a new campus by self-financing through school tapping and bank loans. After the successful construction of one school, other schools followed suit and expropriated land nearby. With the expansion of the construction scale, local governments have gradually stepped in, taking the lead in setting up the park management committee to coordinate all aspects, strengthen the overall function of the park and promote the formation of the university town. For example, five higher education parks in Zhejiang Province (three in Hangzhou, Ningbo 1 and Wenzhou 1) were built in this way. The characteristics of this model are:
1. Construction funds are mainly raised by universities. The main way for colleges and universities to raise funds is asset replacement, that is, to transfer the small-scale campus in the original prime location and use the proceeds to repay the loan for the construction of the new campus.
2. There are many colleges and universities in the university city, which makes the higher education resources reasonably allocated and enjoyed, and provides the operating space for the reform of the education and teaching system.
3. The construction of university town is closely combined with the reorganization of urban functions, and university town has become an important base to promote the popularization of local higher education and promote economic development. Local governments attract colleges and universities to build new campuses through a series of special preferential policies, such as implementing or allocating land for free, greatly reducing the land cost and reducing the supporting fees of urban infrastructure, which not only improves the conditions for running colleges and universities, but also promotes the rapid development of local economy through the industrialization of science and technology and the socialization of university logistics. For example, in this way, Zhuhai introduced a number of well-known universities in China, such as Sun Yat-sen University and Jinan University, to set up branch schools in Zhuhai, thus accelerating the rapid promotion of Zhuhai's urban cultural and technological taste and economic construction. The characteristics of this university town construction are:
1. This model is dominated by government behavior. University towns are mostly planned by the government, which promotes the running of colleges and universities. It can be seen that local government investment and preferential policies are the key to the formation of university town.
2. Colleges and universities in the university city are the main body of university campus construction. Schools raise funds through market-oriented operation, and collect tuition fees to offset the cost of running schools. These universities are also willing to concentrate more manpower and material resources to establish new branches for reasons such as school development, school reputation and financial pressure.
3. With the support of local governments and well-known schools in cities, the construction of such university towns has a high degree of social trust, and it is easy to get support from all walks of life in market operation.