Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University was founded on 1927. Its predecessor was National Central University Medical College, which was the first national university medical college founded by China. From 65438 to 0932, the Medical College of National Central University became the only national medical college in China at that time. 1939, after the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, the college moved to Kunming, Yunnan; 1940 moved to Chongqing, Sichuan. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, the college moved back to Shanghai, and 1952 was renamed Shanghai First Medical College. 1985, Shanghai First Medical College was named Shanghai Medical University.

In 1959, the college was identified as one of the national 16 key institutions of higher learning, and was selected into the first batch of 2 1 1 projects in 1997. In 2000, Shanghai Medical University and Fudan University merged to form the new Fudan University. 20 1 1 New Shanghai Medical College was established. As a party and government agency of Fudan University, it exercises relatively independent management authority in personnel training, scientific research, discipline construction, development planning, resource allocation, foreign exchange and other aspects according to the authorization of the school.