Originated from Tsinghua University, the first Student Union was founded in1912.23, and was born in the torrent of patriotism, democracy and science in the May 4th Movement. Before the early days of Tsinghua University, there was no school-wide student union organization. 19 19 At the Paris Peace Conference, the United States, Britain, France, Japan and other countries unreasonably rejected the just demand of the people of China to "abolish Article 21" and openly ceded all the rights and interests of Germany in Shandong to Japan. The Beiyang government, which humiliated its power and country, agreed to sign a peace treaty. When the news came, the whole country was indignant. On May 4, 2009, more than 3,000 students in Beijing held an anti-imperialist patriotic demonstration. That night, the news of the May 4th Movement reached the campus of Tsinghua, and Tsinghua, which has always been quiet and occluded, suddenly boiled. Wen Yiduo, a sophomore in higher education, copied Yue Fei's "Man Jiang Hong" with meticulous brushwork in the evening and posted it at the entrance of the higher education canteen, expressing his firm determination to "wait for the beginning and clean up the old mountains and rivers". Early the next morning, some students posted posters written in red pen at the entrance of the dormitory, demanding immediate action. On the 5th of the same day, the head of Senior Two immediately convened a joint meeting of the heads of all the associations in the school, and decided to set up a delegation of Tsinghua students, sending representatives to exchange views with the schools and take concerted action with Beijing students. The Tsinghua student delegation was formally established on May 7th, 19 19. The delegation was headed by Gu Demin, and the Tsinghua student delegation immediately led Tsinghua students to join the anti-imperialist patriotic movement. Tsinghua held a "national humiliation memorial service" in front of the gymnasium. At the meeting, it was decided to send a telegram to Paris, demanding that the representative of China refuse to sign the peace treaty and solemnly swear: "Before the blood is dried, Dan Cheng will die, and the words are still in my ears. Have you forgotten your loyalty? " On May 9th, the eighth year of the Republic of China, Tsinghua students are willing to give their lives to defend the people, land and sovereignty of the Republic of China from now on. "At that time, the whole country was boycotting Japanese goods. 19191015. The Japanese Consulate in Fuzhou sent plainclothes policemen and ronin to beat the students who participated in the boycott of Japanese goods. On June 6, 65438, many students and citizens were killed or injured, creating the "Fuzhou Massacre". The people of China were indignant when they heard about it. Fujian went on strike, and the academic circles in Beijing, Tianjin and Shanghai also shouted support. On the 27th, students at all levels in Tsinghua re-elected their representatives to discuss the drafting of the articles of association of the Student Union, "in order to reorganize the delegation and conduct it with the academic circles in Beijing and China"; On the 29th, students from Tsinghua were organized to take to the streets with students from various schools in the city. 19191217 All student congresses adopted the articles of association of the student union; On the evening of 23rd, all the students in Tsinghua gathered in the canteen to hold the inaugural meeting of the Student Union. Tsinghua students continued to participate in the student movement, which caused dissatisfaction among the school. President Zhang Yuquan sent patrolmen to interfere with the establishment of the student union, and sent people to turn off the lights during the students' meeting and force the students to disperse. Unexpectedly, this angered the students. Under the illumination of several foreign candles, Tsinghua Student Union was solemnly established. The student union has a review department and a director department, with Luo Longji as the chairman and vice chairman of the review department and Shi as the chairman of the director department; The director department consists of five departments: general affairs, communication, documentary, accounting and news, among which Wen Yiduo and Pan Guangdan are the chief directors and deputy directors of documentary. With the establishment of the student union, students' activities are becoming more and more active. Tsinghua Weekly, a school publication, was changed from a student editor appointed by the school to a student editor, and various student groups sprang up like mushrooms after rain. The early organizational form of Tsinghua Student Union simulated bourgeois parliamentary politics, namely "separation of powers". The Senate is the representative body of the whole school and exercises legislative power; The executive power is exercised by the official department; Judicial power is still in the hands of the school fasting office. With the growth of the influence of the new ideological trend on students since the May 4th Movement, students are increasingly dissatisfied with the strict paternalism of the school. 19 19 10 A vegetarian chef named Li was heckled and beaten by students for expelling students. 65438+ In February of the same year, Zhang Yuquan, the principal, was forced to leave his job for interfering with the inaugural meeting of the Student Union. The traditional management mode of the school has been shaken. Since 1920, students have discussed autonomy extensively, and think that "student autonomy means that students organize groups to practice student management". By March of 1922, students made a request through the student union, set up a student court, elected judges and prosecutors, and formed a "separation of powers". The school also allocated a sum of money to sew "robes" for "judges". Student judges, dressed in E-crown and Bo-sleeve, judge disputes between students and even deal with violations of school rules. 1925 the student court was suspended. 1929 the constitution of the national Tsinghua university student union stipulates that "the highest authority of the association is the general assembly, the legislature is the general assembly, and the executive body is the executive Committee". On the one hand, the establishment and autonomy of Tsinghua Student Union is due to the May 4th Movement, which stimulated the patriotic enthusiasm and self-awareness of Tsinghua students. "Young students suddenly wake up after this kind of stimulation, and they suddenly show a vigorous vitality, which seems to contain the emotions and vitality that have been suppressed for many years. Once they get the unfettered opportunity of generate, they will be out of control and irresistible. " ; On the other hand, we can also get a glimpse of Tsinghua's early school-running aims. Tsinghua University's educational goal is not only to train preparatory students studying in the United States, but also to train "leaders", hoping to become an experimental school for training China leaders. For such leaders, Cao Yunxiang, president of Tsinghua University, put forward the following requirements: "Talented, intelligent, resourceful and good at managing people". While strengthening management, the school also advocates and encourages students to organize various societies and carry out extracurricular activities, including foreign representations, speeches and debates, holding sports meetings, inviting people to give speeches, editing magazines and publishing periodicals at different levels. The school takes student group activities as a means to cultivate students' ability to organize and handle affairs. However, with the development of Tsinghua Student Union in the future, it is probably not the original intention of the school to participate in the school administration and lead students to actively participate in the anti-imperialist patriotic movement. With the national crisis and the deepening of students' patriotic enthusiasm, Tsinghua Student Union led students to participate in a series of patriotic and anti-imperialist movements, which gradually became the core of the patriotic student movement in Tsinghua, and played an important role in the subsequent "December 9" movement, "December 1" movement, anti-riot movement, "anti-hunger, anti-civil war" movement and the struggle to protect the school before liberation.