Man is a political animal, and it is his nature to want everyone to live together.

Aristotle: Ethics 1 169 6 18

When a number of villages are combined into a complete society, and its scale is enough to maintain self-sufficiency, the city-state is also produced. It can be said that the polis was born out of the basic needs of life and continued to exist for a better life. Therefore, since the early forms of social organization at all levels were naturally produced, so were the polis, because the polis was the completion of this process and a natural product. Whether a man or a horse becomes a family, its natural nature is the form of its full development. Plus, the ultimate cause and purpose of things is perfection, so self-sufficiency has become the purpose and perfection of this social group.

Therefore, it is obvious that the polis is a product of nature, and human beings are also political animals in sex. Anyone who doesn't belong to the polis by nature, not just by chance, is either a contemptuous husband or a superman.

In addition, the mechanical state essentially precedes the family and the individual, because the whole must precede the parts. For example. If the whole body is destroyed, there will be no brothers. Out-of-body brothers are no different from brothers made of stone, so they can't play their practical role. It's just a vague name called brother. Things are defined by their functions and abilities. If they no longer have normal properties, we should not regard them as the same things as before, they just have the same name. We confirm that the polis is a product of nature, which precedes the individual. Because every isolated individual is not enough to support himself, he forms a part of the whole city and forms the whole city with everyone. Anyone who can't live among social groups, or who can be self-sufficient without living among social groups, is either an animal or a god. He is not a part of the city-state, and human nature has a gregarious instinct, so the person who first established the city-state is the most basic benefactor.

2. Aristotle: Politics 1252B28

The polis exists not only for life, but also for a better life. If its purpose is only to live, then slaves and beasts can form a city-state. But there can be no such city-state, because slaves and beasts have nothing to do with happiness and have no right to enjoy a free life. The purpose of city-state existence is not to seek mutual assistance to defend against aggression, nor to facilitate the exchange of goods and exchanges with each other. Being truly worthy of "city-state", not just a name, must aim at goodness. Otherwise, there is no difference between a political group and a military alliance. The only difference is only in space, and the members of the alliance live separately. Moreover, the law is no different from the contract, or in the words of sophist Lu Gefulong, the law is only "the guarantee that people treat each other fairly", and there is no actual force to promote the justice and kindness of citizens ... So it is obvious that a city-state is not just a residential group in the same area, and its purpose is not only to facilitate communication and prevent mutual damage. These are indeed the necessary conditions for the existence of polis, but all these conditions are not enough to form polis. The polis is a combination of several well-off families and nations seeking self-sufficiency and perfect life. Such a group can only be established among people who live in one place and marry each other. Marriage, ethnic ties, religious ceremonies, entertainment activities and so on have appeared in the city-state, which have linked people together. But these relationships are all caused by friendship, because the desire to live together is only friendship. The purpose of the city-state is a beautiful life, and these activities in social life are just some means to achieve this goal. The polis is a combination of several families and villages, which leads to a perfect life of self-sufficiency. This is what we call a happy life.

From this, we can draw a conclusion that political groups exist not only for social life, but for noble behavior. Therefore, whoever makes the greatest contribution to this group will be more distinguished and richer than his equally free or freer cousins, but those with lower political morality should enjoy a greater share in this city-state.

3. Aristotle: Politics 1280A32

The polis needs property, but property, even if it includes creatures, cannot be counted as a part of the polis. Because the polis is not only a biological social organization, but also a social organization between equal people, and its purpose is to achieve a perfect life as much as possible. Happiness is the highest virtue and the realization and perfection of virtue. However, in life practice, not everyone can get it. Some people get full happiness, while others get little or nothing. Therefore, it is obvious that due to this difference between people, different kinds of city-states and various forms of government have emerged. Different people pursue happiness in different ways and means, so they create different lifestyles and political systems for themselves.

4. Aristotle: Politics 1328A35

Let's list the functions of a city-state. This list is very easy;

First of all, there must be food, followed by craft, because many utensils are needed in daily life: third, there must be armed; In order to maintain order, it is necessary to suppress the rebellion of domestic subjects by armed forces and resist any foreign aggression at the same time. Fourth, there must be a certain amount of tax revenue to meet the needs of domestic peace and foreign wars. Fifth, or more importantly, there must be religious activities, which are usually called memorial ceremonies. Sixth, this is the most necessary function, and it must have the power to decide the public interest and the code of conduct between people.

These are indispensable things for every city-state. The polis is not a simple collection of people. This group must achieve the goal of self-sufficiency in life. Without any of the above functions, this group cannot achieve self-sufficiency. Therefore, a city-state organization should be established to complete these functions. There must be farmers, craftsmen, armed forces, proletariat and priests engaged in grain production in the city-state, and they must also have the function of judging public priority and personal affairs.