The Origin and Development of Military Training
Military training for students can be traced back to the slave society in ancient China. According to the records in The Book of Rites and Zhou Li, the official credits in the Western Zhou Dynasty were "Chinese Studies" and "Rural Studies", which were divided into two levels: primary schools and universities. Western Zhou University, which mainly focuses on martial arts, is generally taught by military officers. The main content of military training is to learn archery, that is, to learn archery and to control five kinds of chariots. This is the earliest military training record of students in ancient China. Later dynasties recorded military training for students. During the rule of the Kuomintang government, the boy scout training system was also implemented, which stipulated the content and management of boy scout military training.
China's military training for students really got on the right track after the birth of People's Republic of China (PRC). 1955 in July, China promulgated the first military service law, which legally stipulated the military training for college students and senior high school students for the first time. From the winter of the same year, military training was first conducted in Beijing Institute of Physical Education and Beijing Institute of Iron and Steel, and then 12 universities such as Beijing Institute of Posts and Telecommunications were added. In two batches of 14 colleges and universities, 2 1 military specialized subjects were trained, and more than 10,000 students were trained. From 1955 to 1957, the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of National Defense successively approved military training in 127 middle schools nationwide, with more than 70,000 trainees. At that time, colleges and universities focused on training reserve technical officers; Senior middle schools conduct basic military training. Practice has proved that the above-mentioned military training has played a positive role in stimulating students' patriotic enthusiasm, enhancing students' national defense concept, expanding their knowledge and cultivating qualified talents needed by the motherland.
In the early 1960s, with the approval of the State Council, first-year students from 38 institutions of higher learning and 70 senior middle schools or secondary specialized schools in 53 large and medium-sized cities across the country conducted pilot military training. 1965 according to the spirit that the party central Committee instructed college students to be soldiers in the army for a period of time, some college students in our country joined the army as soldiers.
After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the political and economic situation in our country has appeared a rare and excellent situation since the founding of the People's Republic of China, and the time is ripe to carry out military training for students. * * * In document 198 1 issued 1 1, the Central Committee instructed colleges and universities to incorporate military training for students into their teaching plans, and some schools resumed military training for students. From 65438 to 0984, the Second Session of the Sixth National People's Congress passed and promulgated a new military service law, which made the military training of students in institutions of higher learning and senior middle schools a separate chapter, which fully reflected the state's emphasis on the military training of students. 1985, China set up military training pilots in 52 colleges and universities and 102 senior middle schools (including secondary specialized schools). From 65438 to 0986, the central leading comrades emphasized that freshmen in colleges and universities should concentrate on military training and lead a strict military life in the future. The number of military training institutions of higher learning increased to 69. 1987 extended to 105. In order to further improve the pilot work of students' military training, the State Education Commission and the General Staff Department have made clear provisions on the time, training content, equipment, funds and material guarantee of students' military training, which has promoted the rapid development of students' military training. By 1996, the number of pilot military training institutions nationwide had expanded to 157. In addition, in the past 10 years, many non-pilot colleges and universities organized students to carry out various forms of military training according to their own conditions. According to incomplete statistics, nearly 500 colleges and universities and nearly 3000 middle schools in China have carried out military training for students, and the number of participants accounts for about half of the annual enrollment.
Forms of citizens' performance of military service obligations
According to the provisions of the Military Service Law, China citizens perform their military service obligations mainly in the following forms: First, they are in active service. That is, serving as an officer or soldier in the China People's Liberation Army or the Chinese People's Armed Police Force; The second is to serve in the reserve. Those who join militia organizations or reserve forces and register for reserve service are all reserves; Third, students in institutions of higher learning and senior middle schools should participate in military training in accordance with regulations; Fourth, it is also a form of military service obligation for the people to bear part of the special allowance in kind for conscripts and part of the lost time expenses for militia and other reservists who participate in military training.
A glimpse of military training achievements
The Evolution of Military Training in Haida University
Green clothes are wrinkle-free, and the sea is marked. The stable life of favored college students is not only based on the material or spiritual level, but also comes from a solid national defense force or a group of "double-degree" military talents with knowledge and skills. After further excavation, they are our current instructors-national defense students. In this regard, the reporter interviewed Associate Professor Xie, deputy political commissar of our military training regiment and deputy secretary of the Party branch of the Basic Teaching Center, to get a glimpse of the mystery.
Investigation on the charm of national defense students' counselors
Watching the sea and listening to the waves: Can you introduce the development of military training in Haida University?
Xie: Since 1985, the Party Committee of China Ocean University has attached great importance to students' military training, regarding it as a mission, responsibility and career, and has completed the task of fully popularizing students' military training with high standards. Students' military training has achieved certain results, and has been rated as "advanced unit of students' military training" and "advanced unit of national defense education" by Shandong Provincial Department of Education and Qingdao City for many times.
Watching the sea and listening to the waves: What kind of breakthrough has been made in the military training mode of our school in recent years?
Xie: In recent years, our school has boldly practiced and constantly explored and improved the military training mode of national defense students as freshmen military training instructors, and achieved good results. In 2004, 10 instructors were selected from the national defense students' auxiliary forces to engage in military training for freshmen; In 2005 and 2006, a small number of army officers and soldiers were hired to guide national defense instructors to train new students; In 2007, the goal of completely relying on national defense students to undertake military training for freshmen was achieved, and the military training tasks were completed with high quality.
Watching the sea and listening to Tao: What achievements have our school made in military training over the years?
X: The Ministry of Education reported it in the form of a briefing. The Provincial Department of Education and the Provincial National Defense Education Association also believe that the military training of students in our school has outstanding characteristics and remarkable achievements. The innovative practice of using national defense students as military training instructors should be promoted throughout the province.
Watching the sea and listening to Tao: What relevant systems have the school formulated for military training?
X: Pay close attention to the construction of work style, encourage students to develop good habits of work and rest, and formulate a three-level internal health inspection system, including self-examination in colleges and universities, investigation by instructors' corps and supervision by military training corps, so as to promote training through internal affairs.
Watching the sea and listening to Tao: What do you think of the instructor's performance on the training ground?
X: Instructor training is very serious, with strong sense of responsibility, high enthusiasm and great appeal. My feeling is "relaxed and clear-cut". In addition, the persistence of the instructors touched me the most. Mentor Du's words, "Self-confidence may not be successful, but if you don't have self-confidence, you will definitely not succeed" deeply touched me, and I am very grateful to them. In my opinion, they are not "students" but "soldiers" or even more advanced "soldiers".
Watching the sea and listening to Tao: What do you think is the most important significance of military training for students?
X: Military training for students is not only the most practical national defense education, but also the basic form of fulfilling military service obligations according to law, which is of great strategic significance to national defense construction. To put it simply, it can be summarized as follows:
(1) Students' participation in military training is a basic form of fulfilling military service obligations. Article 8 of the Military Service Law stipulates: "Students in institutions of higher learning must receive basic military training during their schooling." College students are the hope of national prosperity. In order to ensure that students can concentrate on their studies during school and cultivate a large number of high-quality talents to build and defend the motherland, the military service law stipulates that they can "suspend" their active service; But you must receive basic military training. This is not only the glorious mission entrusted by the national law to the students to defend the motherland; It is also a form of performing military service obligations and serving in the reserve according to law. Therefore, actively participating in military training and successfully completing the training task is the most practical action for each participating student to consciously fulfill his military service obligations.
(2) Students' participation in military training is an important strategic measure to strengthen the construction of national defense reserve forces. In order to defend national security, resist aggression and strengthen the modernization of the standing army; We must strengthen the construction of national defense reserve forces. A strong reserve force is not only a solid foundation for building a cross-century modern national defense; It is also an important force to deter and contain war. Through military training, students can not only establish a solid concept of national defense, but also cultivate patriotism and ideals and beliefs of serving the motherland. At the same time, we also learn military knowledge, master certain military skills, deepen our understanding of the people's army, and lay a solid foundation for the mobilization of soldiers in wartime. At present, there are more than 1000 colleges and universities in China, with about 5 million students, and more than1000 million students are added every year. Doing a good job in military training for them for a long time is equivalent to storing a large number of high-quality reserve soldiers and officers. It is an important strategic decision of Qiang Bing, a rich country in China, that soldiers are among the people and officials are in school.
(3) Military training for students is an important way to cultivate new people with "four qualities" and make them develop morally, intellectually and physically. Training not only has a firm and correct political direction, but also has real talents and practical learning; Not only has a solid theoretical foundation, but also has the enterprising spirit of being brave in pioneering; Excellent talents with good moral character, good health and hard and simple working attitude are the fundamental tasks entrusted by China's education front in the new period and the strategic goals of a powerful country and a developed nation. Through military training, students can not only temper their will, enhance their fighting spirit, cultivate organizational discipline, and establish standards for self-cultivation; At the same time, it also enriches the mind, broadens the knowledge, strengthens the physique and promotes professional learning. Therefore, students' participation in military training is an important way to realize the all-round development of students' morality, intelligence and physique and to train outstanding talents for national economy and national defense modernization.