Common sense of blood donation
What rules should citizens follow when donating blood?
(1) Fill in the blood donation registration form truthfully, and do not lie or conceal the past medical history.
(2) a blood donation is generally 200ml, up to 400ml, and the interval between two blood donations is not less than 6 months.
(3) After passing the blood donation medical examination, you should participate in blood donation at the prescribed time, so as not to affect the blood use plan.
(4) Please bring your ID card (or other valid documents) when donating blood.
What should I pay attention to after donating blood?
Don't take part in strenuous exercise and all-night entertainment activities within one or two days after blood donation, keep the eyes of needles clean to prevent infection. Cyanosis around the eye of the needle doesn't matter, because there is a small amount of blood flowing out of the blood vessels. You can apply local cold compress within 24 hours, apply hot compress after 24 hours, and it will fade in a few days. When the situation is serious, see a doctor.
Why can't you drink more water before donating blood?
Because drinking a lot of water will dilute blood, reduce blood quality and affect the treatment of patients.
What should I pay attention to before donating blood?
It is necessary to learn the knowledge of blood donation, understand the common sense of blood donation, and eliminate nervousness. Don't eat greasy food or drink alcohol for two meals before blood donation, but don't eat light food such as steamed bread and vegetables on an empty stomach. And it is best to take a bath or wash your arms.
How to stop bleeding after donating blood?
After pulling out the needle, straighten the forearm, or lift it slightly after straightening, and press the eye of the needle with the index finger and middle finger of the other hand for 5 minutes to stop bleeding. Don't bend your elbow to stop bleeding, because bending your elbow will increase the resistance of blood flowing back to the heart from the venous network of the back of your hand, hinder the blood from flowing back, and overflow from the eye of a needle of a blood vessel, resulting in subcutaneous blood stasis; Don't twist the cotton ball, because it will make the needle hole on the blood vessel stick and be wiped off.
What should normal people pay attention to after donating 200~400 ml blood?
Pay attention to the normal diet and nutrition, properly supplement nutrition, eat lean meat, eggs, milk, bean products, vegetables and fruits, and drink plenty of water that day, but don't overeat.
What is the physical examination standard for blood donors in China?
(1) Age: 18~55 years old.
(2) Weight: male ≥ 50kg, female ≥ 45kg.
(3) blood pressure12 ~ 20/8 ~12kpa (90 ~140/60 ~ 90mmhg), pulse pressure ≥4 kPa (≥30 mmHg).
(4) Pulse: 60~ 100 beats/min, and high endurance athletes ≥50 beats/min.
(5) Normal body temperature
(6) The skin has no yellow staining, no invasive infection, no extensive dermatosis and no obvious swelling of superficial lymph nodes.
(7) There is no serious disease in the five senses, no yellow staining in the sclera and no goiter in the thyroid gland.
(8) There is no serious disability of limbs, no serious dysfunction, and no redness and swelling of joints.
(9) Chest: the heart and lungs are normal (the physiological murmur of the heart can be regarded as normal).
(10) Abdomen: The abdomen is flat and soft, without lump, tenderness and hepatosplenomegaly.
What is the blood test standard for blood donors in Shanghai?
(1) blood type: ABO blood type (positive and negative stereotypes). Rho(D) blood group was determined in conditional areas and areas with high Rh negative rate.
(2) Blood specific gravity screening: copper sulfate method, male ≥ 1.052, female ≥ 1.050. Or use the specific gravity method.
(3) Alanine aminotransferase: ketone body powder method, negative; Or Reich method, ≤25 units.
(4) Hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg): the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay is negative (the rapid diagnosis method is limited to the initial examination of non-fixed blood collection points).
(5) Hepatitis C virus antibody (HCV antibody): ELISA method, negative.
(6) HIV antibody: ELISA, negative.
(7) Difficulty in syphilis detection: RPR method or TRUST method, negative.
(8) Re-check the above items 1, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7.
(9) One year after the clinical cure of hepatitis A, if the tests are normal for three consecutive times every month, you can participate in blood donation (subject to the clinical test report).
(10) There is no need to delay blood donation after healthy people are vaccinated with hepatitis B vaccine and hepatitis A vaccine.
What happened? I can't donate blood for the time being.
(1) Tooth extraction or other minor operations within half a month.
(2) Three days before and after menstruation, less than six months after pregnancy abortion, and less than one year after childbirth and lactation.
(3) Those who have recovered from cold and acute gastroenteritis for less than one week, those who have recovered from acute urinary tract infection for less than one month, and those who have recovered from pneumonia for less than three years.
(4) Some infectious diseases, such as dysentery, typhoid fever, brucellosis and malaria, were cured in less than half a year, one year, two years and three years respectively.
(5) Transfusion of whole blood and blood component in recent five years.
(6) Less than half a year after major surgery and less than three months after appendectomy, hernia repair and tonsillectomy.
(7) The healing of localized inflammation of skin is less than one week, and the healing of extensive inflammation is less than two weeks.
What is the situation that people can't donate blood?
(1) STD, leprosy and AIDS patients and HIV-infected people.
(2) Patients with hepatitis, those who are positive for hepatitis B surface antigen and those who are positive for hepatitis C antibody.
(3) Patients with allergic diseases and repeated allergies, such as frequent measles, bronchial asthma, and drug allergy (blood donation is not allowed when measles is acute).
(4) Patients with various tuberculosis, such as tuberculosis, renal tuberculosis, lymphoid tuberculosis, bone tuberculosis, etc.
(5) Patients with cardiovascular diseases, such as various heart diseases, hypertension, hypotension, myocarditis, thrombophlebitis, etc.
(6) Patients with respiratory diseases, such as chronic bronchitis, emphysema, bronchiectasis with pulmonary insufficiency.
(7) Patients with digestive system and urinary system diseases, such as severe gastric and duodenal ulcer, chronic gastroenteritis, acute and chronic nephritis, chronic urinary tract infection, nephrotic syndrome, chronic pancreatitis, etc.
(8) Patients with hematological diseases, such as anemia, leukemia, polycythemia vera and various bleeding and coagulation diseases.
(9) Patients with endocrine diseases or metabolic disorders, such as pituitary and adrenal diseases, hyperthyroidism, acromegaly, diabetes insipidus, diabetes, etc.
(10) Patients with organic nervous system diseases or mental diseases, such as encephalitis, sequelae of brain trauma, epilepsy, schizophrenia, hysteria, severe neurasthenia, etc.
(1 1) Patients with parasitic diseases and endemic diseases such as kala-azar, schistosomiasis, filariasis, hookworm disease, cysticercosis, paragonimiasis, Keshan disease and Kaschin-Beck disease.
(12) Patients with malignant and benign tumors that affect their health.
(13) Those who have had important internal organs such as stomach, kidney and spleen removed.
(14) Patients with chronic skin diseases, especially infectious, allergic and inflammatory systemic skin diseases, such as chloasma, eczema and psoriasis.
(15) Patients with ocular diseases such as keratitis, iritis, optic neuritis and high myopia with fundus changes.
(16) autoimmune diseases and collagen diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, dermatitis and scleroderma.
(17) People with a history of drug abuse.
Why are some blood donors unqualified in blood collection institutions, but qualified in hospitals?
For the health of blood donors and blood users, the blood test standards for screening blood donors set by the Ministry of Health are much stricter than those set by hospitals for patients.
What is a blood donation reaction?
(1) Mild: pale and dizzy during or after blood donation.
(2) Moderate: In addition to mild symptoms, there are chest tightness, nausea, vomiting, cold skin and palpitation.
(3) Severity: In addition to the above symptoms, there are obvious symptoms of cerebral ischemia, such as syncope, convulsion, unconsciousness, persistent hypotension and bradycardia.
How to deal with the blood donation reaction?
For mild or moderate, generally stay in bed for a while or drink some sugar water; For critically ill patients, stop donating blood, make them lie flat, acupuncture or pinch people, closely observe the changes of blood pressure, pulse, heart rate and body temperature, and if necessary, inject glucose solution intravenously and use sedatives, which will soon return to normal without sequelae.
Blood donation and health
Will blood donation make people "weakened"?
No, the total blood volume of a healthy person accounts for about 8% of body weight, and the total blood volume of an adult is about 4000~5000 ml. Usually, 80% blood circulates in the heart and blood vessels to maintain normal physiological functions; Another 20% of the blood is stored in the liver, spleen and other organs. Once blood loss or strenuous exercise occurs, blood will enter the blood circulation system. A person donating 200~400 ml of blood at a time only accounts for 5%~ 10% of the total blood volume, and the blood stored after blood donation will be replenished immediately without reducing the circulating blood volume. Water and inorganic substances lost after blood donation will be replenished within 1~2 hours; Plasma and protein, synthesized by the liver, can be supplemented in a day or two; Platelets, white blood cells and red blood cells also quickly recovered to their original levels. Human blood is constantly metabolized, many blood cells are aging and dying all the time, and at the same time, a large number of new cells are synthesized to maintain the balance of human metabolism. After blood donation, due to the enhancement of hematopoietic function, the lost blood cells were quickly replenished.