According to the different types of education and school-running levels, China's higher education can be divided into undergraduate education, postgraduate education and doctoral education, and the number of educational institutions and institutions at different levels is also different. China's higher education system has been initially established, but there is still a certain gap compared with developed countries, especially in the training of high-level universities and professionals, which needs to increase investment and reform.
By the end of 20021,there were 2 156 ordinary undergraduate colleges, 249 in-service undergraduate colleges and 757 graduate education institutions, including 587 authorized education institutions for master's degree and 170 authorized education institutions for master's degree. There are 459 doctoral education institutions, including 349 authorized doctoral education institutions and 1 10 authorized doctoral education institutions.
In order to further improve the quality and level of higher education in China, the China government and universities have taken a series of measures, including:
1. Increase investment in education: The government will increase investment in higher education year by year, increase the proportion of education funds in GDP, and increase financial subsidies for higher education.
2. Improve the construction of teachers: strengthen the recruitment and training of teachers and improve their level and quality. In order to support the introduction of outstanding talents in colleges and universities, the government has also introduced a series of preferential policies and institutional guarantees.
3. Promote independent innovation: Encourage universities to strengthen scientific research, invest more resources and human and financial resources, and promote the transformation and industrialization of research results.
4. Promote the internationalization of education: strengthen international academic exchanges and cooperation and improve the internationalization level of schools. Colleges and universities also participate in international academic exchanges and carry out extensive teaching and research cooperation with internationally renowned universities.
5. Strengthen the reform of educational administration mechanism: promote industry standardization and quality evaluation, strengthen the reform of curriculum design and teaching system, and improve the employment quality and comprehensive quality of graduates.
Problems and Challenges Faced by Higher Education in China
1. Difficulties in personnel training and employment: Although the gross enrollment rate of higher education in China is high, there are still some problems in professional personnel training and employment, and the dilemma of difficult employment and low pay for college graduates needs to be solved urgently.
2. Insufficient teaching reform and innovation: the teaching reform and innovation of higher education is relatively backward, and the teaching system needs to be further improved to better adapt to the needs and reality of economic and social development.
3. Academic integrity and management problems: Some colleges and universities have defects in academic integrity and management, and academic fraud and paper plagiarism also occur from time to time.
4. Unbalanced discipline construction and level: The discipline construction of higher education in China needs to be further improved, and there are obvious gaps and deficiencies in some fields and majors.