Back to Zhang Yide 002 Whip Du You He Guojiu seeks official position.
On Wen Ming Dong Zhuo's accusation that Ding Yuan supported Zhu Jin and Su Li said Lu Bu.
Back to the 004th time, Emperor Gaozu was abolished, and Dong thief Meng De offered a knife.
In the 005th time, I sent Jiao Zhao back to the towns, Cao Gong broke off the soldiers and fought Lu Bu in three wars.
Back to the 006th time, Dong Zhuo was killed and the jade seal was hidden. Sun Jian broke his word.
Back to 007 Yuan Shaopan River War, Sun Sun Jian crossed the river and struck Liu Biao.
Back to the 008th time, Wang Situ skillfully used a series of tricks, and Dong Taishi and his friends became stiff.
Back in the 009th time, Lu Bu helped Stuart make Lord Li Changan listen to Jia Xu.
No.0 0 10/0 returned to the Qin dynasty, and Ma Teng of the royal family raised the great sense of revenge for his father and Cao.
0 1 1 Go back to Beihai, Liu Huangshu to save Hou Wen, Kong Rong Road, and break Puyang, Cao.
Back to 0 12, Tao asked Xuzhou Cao Meng to accompany Lu Bu.
Back to 0 13, Guo Si, Yang Feng and Dong's rescue.
0 14 back to Cao Mengde, I moved to Lv Fengxian, the capital of Xudu, and attacked Xu Jun at night.
In the 0 15 period, I returned to Taishi Ci to fight the bully Sun Bofu vs Yan Baihu.
0 16 returned to Lv Fengxian and Cao Mengde was defeated in the water.
On the 0 17 Huiyuan highway, the seventh army will meet the three generals again.
0 18 back to Jia Wenhe, it is expected that the enemy will win the final victory in Xia Houdun.
On the 0 19 return to Xiapi City, Cao Cao's soldiers died in the White Gate Tower.
The 020th letter from Cao Aman and Xu Tian to encircle Dong Guojiu's cabinet.
02 1 Back to Cao Cao to cook wine; on the hero Guan Gong earned the city and beheaded Che Zhou.
Back to the 022nd time, the three armed forces shut down * * *.
Back to time 023, you were sentenced for poisoning a thief, Dr. Ji, naked.
No.024 traitor murdered the uncle of the imperial concubine and failed to vote for Yuan Shao.
Back to the 025th Tushanguan Conference: Three Things to Save Baima and Cao Cao from Breakthrough.
026th Yuan Benchu defeated soldiers fold Guan Yunchang gold.
Back to the 027th time, Beard rode alone for thousands of miles.
Back to behead Cai Yang brothers, the chief minister of the ancient city Juyi.
Back to 029, Xiao Ba angrily cut his eyes and sat in Jiangdong.
At the beginning of the 030th HuiZhan Guandu defeat, rob Wu De to burn food.
Back to the beginning of 03 1 Cao Cao Cang Ting broke the book Liu Bei Jingzhou.
The 032nd Army recaptured Jizhou, and Yuan Shang, Zhang He and Zhang He made suggestions.
Back to 033 xelloss take chaos, zhen jia heritage policy liaodong.
Back to time 034, Mrs. Cai listened to the secret language through the screen. Liu Huangshu leaped over Tanxi.
Xuande returned to Nanzhang, the 035th time, and went to visit the British Lord across Tibet Xinye.
Back to 036, Liu Bei attacked Fan Chengyuan and recommended Zhuge.
When I returned to Si Mahui for the 037th time, I recommended the famous Liu Xuande to visit the Caotang.
The 038th Decision-making War is divided into three points: Longzhong's revenge on Sun Shi, the Yangtze River.
The 039th time back to Jingzhou City, the third plan of the childe, Bo Wang Po's strategist began to fight.
Back to the 040th time, Mrs. Cai offered Zhuge Liang in Jingzhou to burn a new field.
04 1 back, Liu Xuande crossed the river with people, and Zhao Zilong rode the savior alone.
042nd back to Zhang Yide, make a scene in Changban Bridge, and Liu Yuzhou was defeated by Han Jinkou.
The 043rd Zhuge Liang Debate Group, Confucianism, Confucianism, Confucianism, Confucianism.
Back to the 044th time, Zhuge Liang used wisdom to stimulate Zhou Yu and Sun Quan to break Cao Cao.
Back to the 045th Sanjiangkou, Cao Cao's defeated hero recruited Jiang Gan.
Back to the 046th time, Huang Gai was punished by offering a secret plan with an arrow.
The 047th time, the secret sacrifice holiday surrendered, and Pang Tong skillfully granted a series of tricks.
The 048th Hui Banquet The Yangtze River Cao Shisuo Warship North Military Forces
Back to the 049th Seven-Star Altar, Zhuge offered sacrifices to the wind, and Zhou Yu released the Sanjiangkou.
Back to 050th Zhuge Liang Huarong Road Guan Yunchang released Cao Cao.
05 1 Back to Coss War, Wu Dongbing and Kong Ming were in Zhou Gongjin.
Back to the 052nd Zhuge Liang Lu Su Zhao Zilong plans to take Guiyang.
Guan Yunchang released Huang Hansheng, Sun Zhongmou and Zhang Wenyuan in the 053rd time.
I returned to Wu Guotai Buddhist Temple for the 054th time to see the groom Liu Huangshu continue his marriage.
Back to the 055th time, Liu Dezhi made Mrs. Sun angry.
Back to the 056th Cao Cao banquet, Tongquetai, Kongming, Sanqi and Zhou Gongjin.
The 057th Chai Sangkou Wolong observed a moment of silence for Director Feng Chu of Leiyang County.
The first part of the 058th back to Ma Mengqi hate Cao Aman cut must abandon robe.
Back to Xu Zhu 059th naked bucket d cao cao to wipe the book asked Han Sui.
The 060th time Zhang Yongnian fought against difficulties, Yang Xiu Pang Shiyuan discussed taking West Shu.
At 06 1, Zhao Yun cut off the river and retired the old man with Dou Sunquan's suicide note.
In 062, take, Yang Gao, cut Luocheng, Huang, Wei.
The 063rd time Zhuge Liang wept bitterly, and Pang Tong and Zhang Yiyi released Yan Yan.
Back to the 064th time, Kong Ming planned to arrest Zhang Ren and yangfu to borrow soldiers to break Ma Chao.
Back to the 065th Ma Chao War, Meng Jia Guan Liu Bei led Yizhou Pastoral.
The 066th Guan Yunchang went to the meeting alone, and the Queen died for her country.
Back to the 067th Cao Cao pacify Liao Wei Zhen xiaoyaojin.
Back to the 068th time, Gan Ning rode to rob Wei Ying, and Zuo Ci threw a cup at Cao Cao.
Back to the 069th Buzhou Yi Guan Lu Zhiji was the death day of the five ministers of the Han thief.
Back to the 070th Fei Zhisheng Wakouguan, old Huang Zhong took the day to shake the mountain.
07 1 Back to the mountain, Huang Zhongyi is waiting for work. According to Hanshui, Zhao Yun is outnumbered.
In the 072nd time, Zhuge Liang outwitted Cao Aman in Hanzhong and retreated to Gu Jie.
In the 073rd time, Liu Bei and Wang Yunchang attacked Xiangyang County from Hanzhong.
Pang Lingming fought to death in the 074th time, and Guan Yunchang flooded the Seventh Army.
The 075th time I went back to Guan Yunchang to scrape bones and cure poison, Lv Ziming crossed the river in white.
The 076th Hui Xu fought Mianshui and defeated Maicheng.
Back to Yuquan Mountain in 077, Guan Gong appeared as a saint, Luoyang City, and Cao Cao felt a sense of god.
In the 078th time, he cured the wind disease, the imperial doctor died physically, passed on the family line, and bullied the traitors.
The 079th time, my brother forced my brother Cao Zhi to write poems, and my nephew became uncle Liu's confession.
The 080 th time Cao Pi abolished the emperor and usurped the throne of Yan Liu Hanwang, which was a continuation of unity.
Back to 08 1, I am anxious for my brother's revenge. When Zhang Fei was killed, my brother Xue hated the former dynasty for leading the army.
Back in 082, Sun Quan's autumn Wei was led by the Sixth Army of Old Harmony.
In the Battle of 083, the enemy of Xiao Ting, the ancient leader, defended the scholar in Jiangkou and worshipped the general.
The 084th time back to Lu Xun camp, Zhuge Liang's clever disposal was burned in seven hundred li.
Back to the 085th Liu's testamentary edict, Zhuge Liang, an orphan, was entrusted to live on Pingwu Road.
Back to 086 Zhang Wen, it is difficult to attack Cao Pi and Xu Sheng with fire.
Chapter 087 Zheng Huinan Kou, the Prime Minister, made a big move to block the mountain and the king of Chu seized the situation.
He crossed the river to Lushui in the 088th time, then tied Wang Fan to cheat him into surrender, and captured Meng Huo alive three times.
Back to Wuxiang Hou, back to 089, Na Man Wu Wang was captured four times.
The 090 th drive back the giant good six broken barbarian soldiers burned rattan armor and captured Meng Huo seven times.
No.0965438 +0 Sacrifice Lushui Hanxiangban Division to Attack Wuhou in Central Plains
Back in Zhao Zilong in 092, Zhuge Liang outwitted three cities and cut five generals.
Back to the township in the 093rd, Hou scolded Wang Lang to death.
Back in 094th, Zhuge Liang broke Qiang through snow, and Sima Yi captured Mengda that day.
Back to the 095th Ma Su refused to remonstrate with the street pavilion, and Wuhou retired to Zhong Da by playing the piano.
Back to the 096th time, Kong Ming shed tears and beheaded Ma Su Zhou Fufa, earning Cao Xiu.
Chapter 097 I asked Wei Guohou to break Cao Bingshu, and Jiang Wei cheated.
For the 098th time, the Hanjun Xinmeile joint-stock company was attacked by Chen Cang and Wuhou, and won.
Back to 099th, Zhuge Liang attacked Sima Yi in Wei Bing and invaded West Shu.
Back to the first 100, the Han soldiers robbed the village, broke Cao Zhen Wuhou, and humiliated.
The first 10 1 Hui Long Shang Zhuge Zhuang's Sword Zhang Ge Hezhong Ji.
Back to 102 Sima Yi occupied Wei Qiao in Beiyuan, and Zhuge Liang made a move.
Back to 103, Gu Sima was trapped in Zhugegui, Wuzhangyuan.
Back to 104, the prime minister of Daxing Han died and Wei Zun was defeated.
Back to 105, Lord Wei took down the dew tray for Wuhou pre-storage kit.
Back to 106, Gongsun Yuan was defeated and died, and Sima Yi cheated and earned Cao Shuang.
Hui 107, Wei was in charge, and Sima Jiangwei defeated Niutoushan.
The first 108 back to Ding Feng Xue Fen's secret plan for Sun Jun's dinner.
109 back to the trap, Sima Han will waste ICY Wei Jiaguo.
1 10 returned to Wen Yang, and Jiang Wei pursued them.
1 1 1 Back, Deng Shizhai defeated Jiang Boyue and Zhuge Dan and renamed Si Mazhao.
1 12 Save the death of Shouchun Yuquan and take the Great Wall.
1 13 returned to Ding Feng and decided to behead Sun Chen Jiangwei and break Wargo.
1 14 Drive back to Caomao to die. Jiang Wei of Nanque abandoned grain for Wei Bing.
No. 1 15 returned to Zhao Banshi, and the master trusted Jiang Wei to avoid disaster.
1 16 o'clock, we split up and meet at Hanzhong Road, Dingjun Mountain, Wuhou.
Back to 1 17, Deng Shizhai stole a fair arena and Zhuge Zhan died in Mianzhu.
1 18 cried for the ancestral temple, and a gentleman died of filial piety and entered the second Jinshi in Xichuan to strive for success.
No. 1 19 returned and left to surrender. If you get Zen by faking it, you will follow suit.
120th recommended Du Yu veteran to present a new picture, so that Sun Hao's three points will be one?
Extended data:
The whole story of the Three Kingdoms was unfolded under the historical background from the late Eastern Han Dynasty to the early Western Jin Dynasty. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the emperor was groggy and incompetent, the eunuch was autocratic, the court was corrupt, and the people were in poverty, and then a large-scale peasant uprising, the Yellow Scarf Uprising, broke out. In troubled times, a generation of heroes emerged in the competition.
At that time, Yuan Shao and Cao Cao led their ministers into the palace in the name of "Ten Regular Servants Rebellion", and Emperor Liu Bian and Wang Liuxie fled in a hurry. In the process of various governors scrambling to find Liu Bian and Liu Xie, Dong Zhuo, the former deployment envoy of Liangzhou 1, immediately grasped the power of state affairs, abolished the Han emperor and made Liu Chen Xie the Han emperor. Dong Zhuo, who was cruel by nature, did the opposite, causing many people's anger. In the name of imperial edict, Cao Cao summoned a group of heroes to jointly crusade against Dong Zhuo and forced him to carry Emperor Han Xian to Chang 'an. Dong Zhuo was later killed by his adopted son Lu Bu.
Since then, Yuan Shao wanted to pass on the imperial seal in the hands of Sun Jian, the Changsha magistrate. Sun Jian was attacked by Liu Biao in Jingzhou on the way to escape, and made numerous enemies. Sun Jian was killed when he later attacked Jingzhou. At the same time, Yuan Shao and Gongsun Zan fought at the Hebei border, and the battle of the boundary bridge broke out. Cao Cao recruited talented people, and Liu Bei continued to expand his strength. At this time, the prototype of the Central Plains began to take shape.
After Dong Zhuo's death, Cao Cao "held the emperor to make the princes", welcomed Emperor Xian of Han to build his capital in Xuchang, and used tactics to get rid of Lu Bu, Yuan Shu and others. In the subsequent battle of Guandu, Cao Cao defeated Yuan Shao with fewer victories and then unified the north, which laid a solid foundation for the establishment of Wei State.
In Jiangdong, Sun Jian's son Sun Ce finally dominated eighty-one states in six counties of Jiangdong after years of hard work. After Sun Ce's death, his brother Sun Quan succeeded to the throne. With the support of Zhou Yu and others, Sun Quan accumulated great strength for the establishment of the State of Wu. Liu Beize became close friends with Guan Yu and Zhang Fei in Taoyuan, and * * * set the banner of aiding Han. Liu Bei was defeated by Liu Biao in Runan and defected to Liu Biao in Jingzhou. Then Liu Bei visited the cottage and asked Zhuge Liang, who was resourceful and ambitious, to help.
After Cao Cao unified the north, he began to go to South dispatch troops, aiming at Jingzhou and Jiangdu. At this point, Liu Biao died, and his eldest son Liu Qi kept Jiangxia. Liu Cong, the second son, took over Jingzhou and surrendered to Cao Cao, so Jingzhou fell into Cao Cao's hands. Facing Cao Cao's southern expedition, Liu Bei sent Zhuge Liang to Jiangdong to form an alliance with Sun Quan.
Zhuge Liang argued with wisdom in Jiangdong, and eventually led Sun and Liu to join hands, and through a series of step-by-step and planned actions in Battle of Red Cliffs, he was defeated and wrote a glorious page in the history of ancient war in China.
After Battle of Red Cliffs, Liu Bei and Sun Quan turned to fight for Jingzhou. Sun Quan sent Lu Su to ask Liu Bei for Jingzhou, and Liu Bei refused many times at Zhuge Liang's suggestion. Zhou Yu tried to trick Liu Bei into going to Dongwu to marry Sun Quan's sister Sun Shangxiang, then detained Liu Bei and threatened Zhuge Liang to exchange Jingzhou. Unexpectedly, Zhou Yu's strategy was repeatedly seen through by Zhuge Liang, which led him to "lose his wife and lose his soldiers." Zhou Yu eventually vomited blood in Zhuge Liang's sarcasm and died, leaving behind "You are born with Yu, why are you born with Liang!" A deep sigh.
After Zhou Yu's death, Wu Jun was busy fighting with Cao Jun, and Liu Bei defeated Liu Zhang under Zhuge Liang's persuasion, seized surprisingly, and took Hanzhong from Cao Cao, claiming to be the king of Hanzhong. At this point, the general trend of the world has reached, and the situation of the three countries has formed. Liu Bei proclaimed himself emperor in Bashu, with the title of Shu Han; Cao Cao dominated the Central Plains, and later his son Cao Pi usurped the Han Dynasty and changed his country name to Wei. Sun Quan is here in Jiangdong.
After reconciliation with Cao Wei, Sun Quan was named Hou of Nanchang. General Monroe of Wu Dong crossed the river in white and captured Jingzhou. Guan Yu, who was attacking Fancheng at this time, had to retreat to Maicheng and was captured in the process of breaking through. Guan Yu would rather die than surrender and was beheaded by Sun Quan. Zhang Fei was also killed by his subordinates Fan Qiang and Zhang Da, and Liu Bei was very sad.
Sun Quan then worshipped Lu Xun as the viceroy and defeated the Shu army. When Liu Bei led the defeated army to Bai Di City, he fell ill and asked Zhuge Liang for help before he died. At this time, Xelloss took the opportunity to unite with Na Man, Qiang, and Meng Da to attack Shu. Zhuge Liang sent Ma Chao and Zhao Yun to guard the pass, and Li Yan and Deng Zhi to persuade Meng Da and Wu Dong. Zhuge Liang personally led the army to capture seven levels and put down the rebellion of the barbarian Meng Huo.
After xelloss's death, his son Cao Rui acceded to the throne. Zhuge Liang left Qishan six times, determined to fulfill Liu Bei's last wish of restoring the Han Dynasty. In the meantime, Zhuge Liang recovered Jiang Wei and taught him what he had learned all his life. Zhuge Liang eventually died from overwork in Wuzhangyuan. Jiang Wei inherited Zhuge Liang's legacy and continued to fight Wei, but he was harmed by a confused traitor and fled to Langzhong. Wei took advantage of the civil strife in Shu and sent troops to attack, but the Lord of Shu surrendered without fighting and perished. Jiang Wei was seriously injured under the siege of Si Mazhao and drew his sword to commit suicide.
After Wu Dong's death, civil strife broke out in Sun Quan. Sun Liang, the ruler of the State of Wu, was deposed by Sun Lin, who monopolized all power, and Sun Xiu became the emperor. Sun Xiu joined hands with veteran Ding Feng to get rid of Sun Lin and regain power, but Soochow has also shown a trend towards river of no return. After Cao Rui's death, Cao Fang succeeded to the throne, and Sima Yi took over the relieving from Cao Shuang. After Cao Fang was abolished, the Sima brothers made Cao Mao emperor, and Si Mazhao, the son of Sima Yi, monopolized the power. The son of Si Mazhao usurped the throne and changed his title to Jin, and Wei died. Wu was finally destroyed by the Western Jin Dynasty.
"The general trend of the world, divided for a long time, divided for a long time", the Hundred Years' War finally came to an end here, and the Western Jin Dynasty opened another unified situation in China's history.
Romance of the Three Kingdoms, one of China's classical Four Great Classical Novels, is China's first chapter-by-chapter historical romance novel. Its full name is Popular Romance of the Three Kingdoms (also known as Romance of the Three Kingdoms), written by Luo Guanzhong, a famous novelist in the late Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty. There are several versions of the popular Romance of the Three Kingdoms, such as Jiajing Renwu Edition. By the end of the Ming Dynasty and the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, Mao Zonggang had rearranged the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, revised the wording and changed the poems.
The Romance of the Three Kingdoms describes the history of nearly a hundred years from the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty to the beginning of the Western Jin Dynasty, mainly describing the war, telling the story of the warlord melee in the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the political and military struggle between Wei, Shu and Wu, and finally Sima Yan unified the three countries and established the Jin Dynasty. It reflects the transformation of various social struggles and contradictions during the Three Kingdoms period, summarizes the historical changes of this era, and shapes a group of heroes of the Three Kingdoms.
The book can be roughly divided into five parts: The Yellow turban insurrectionary, Dong Zhuo's rebellion, competing among the heroes, the Three Kingdoms' separation, and the Three Kingdoms' return to Jin. On the vast historical stage, a magnificent war scene was staged. Luo Guanzhong, the author, combines the thirty-six strategies of Sun Tzu's Art of War between the lines, including both the plot and the strategy of Sun Tzu's Art of War.
Romance of the Three Kingdoms is the first novel, the first historical novel and the first literati novel in the history of China literature.
Creation background
Background of the times:
At the end of the Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, social contradictions were sharp, and peasant uprisings broke out one after another. After years of war, Zhu Yuanzhang wiped out heroes, overthrew the Yuan Dynasty and established the Ming Dynasty. During the period of people's displacement, Luo Guanzhong, as a writer of zaju and storytelling, lived at the bottom of society, understood and was familiar with people's sufferings, expected social stability and people's living and working in peace and contentment, and thought as a bottom-level intellectual, hoping to end the tragic situation caused by unrest. Thus came the historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms, which was based on the history of the last years of the Eastern Han Dynasty.
Subject source:
The History of the Three Kingdoms, written by Chen Shou in the Western Jin Dynasty, is the earliest source of the story of the Three Kingdoms, but it is a biographical history book with a brief account and an outline. Pei Songzhi, a Southern Song Dynasty poet, annotated the History of the Three Kingdoms, adding many anecdotes, which greatly enhanced the legend and readability. Liu Zhixi, a historian in the middle Tang Dynasty, said in Shi Tong that the story of Zhuge Liang's death has been "learned from his journey and spread to many people", which shows that the story of the Three Kingdoms has been widely spread among the people during this period.
There is a poem in Li Shangyin's "Pride of Children" in the late Tang Dynasty, which shows that the story of the Three Kingdoms was known to women and children at the latest in the late Tang Dynasty, and the story of the Three Kingdoms became more popular in the Song Dynasty through artists' performances and rap, which has shown a distinct tendency of "respecting Liu and belittling Cao". The stories of the Three Kingdoms in the Jin and Yuan Dynasties were put on the stage in large numbers, and there were also many stories of the Three Kingdoms in school books and dramas. According to Ghost Record and Taihe Yinzhengpu, there are nearly 30 kinds of works telling the story of the Three Kingdoms in Yuan Zaju alone.
The Jin Dynasty recorded in the Record of Dropping Out of Farming includes Xiangyang Club, Liu Bei, Lu Bu and Chibi Soldiers. During the period from Yuan Yingzong to Zhizhi, the Pinghua of the Three Kingdoms published by Xin 'an came out, which was the earliest and only Pinghua with the story of the Three Kingdoms as its theme. This book is the final version of the story of the Three Kingdoms in folklore, with about 80,000 words. It is divided into three volumes: upper, middle and lower. Each volume is divided into two columns, with pictures in the upper column and text in the lower column.
The book tells the story of Sima Zhong's escape from prison, starting with the sworn relationship between Liu Guan and Zhang Taoyuan and ending with Zhuge Liang's death. Judging from the content and structure of Pinghua, it is roughly the same size as the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, but the overall description is sloppy, the words are obscure, the story is bizarre, most of them are inconsistent with the official records, and the names and places are full of fallacies. It seems to be the work of folk artists, not polished by literati.
Judging from the above records and surviving works, from the end of the Tang Dynasty to the end of the Yuan Dynasty, the popular stories of the Three Kingdoms became more and more abundant, which provided sufficient conditions for the creation of The Romance of the Three Kingdoms.
Writing process:
At the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty, Luo Guanzhong absorbed folklore, scripts and drama stories on the basis of Chen Shou's "The History of the Three Kingdoms" and Pei Songzhi's notes, and wrote The Romance of the Three Kingdoms. The earliest extant edition was engraved in the First Year of Jiajing, called Jiajing Edition, with the title "Pingyang Hou Chuan Jin, Later Robben Edition".
After Jiajing edition, a large number of new periodicals appeared, all of which were mainly Jiajing edition, and only did some work such as illustration, textual research, annotation, addition and deletion of words, volume number and sorting purpose. During the Kangxi period of Qing Dynasty, Mao Lun and Mao Zonggang and his son made some revisions to Jiajing's Romance of the Three Kingdoms, mainly sorting out the contents and modifying the wording. Change poetry, etc. The content has not changed much.
Achievements and impacts:
Describe the war
The first point is the diversification of war. The book describes hundreds of wars, which can be divided into land wars, water wars, or mixed land and water wars, such as flooding the Seventh Army; It can also be divided into offensive and defensive warfare; Or ambush or sneak attack; Or divided into positional warfare and guerrilla warfare; Or the Lord will compete, or the two armies will scuffle in various forms. ?
The second point is the combination of military action and political strategy. For example, Cao Cao's southern expedition was not without purpose, but to complete the great cause of reunification. Liu Bei joined forces with Wu to resist Cao Cao, in order to gain a foothold and revitalize Liu's Han family. Zhuge Liang's expedition to the south was to solve the disputes with the southern minorities, stabilize the rear area and deal with the powerful Cao Wei with all his strength. ?
Third, the outcome of the war depends on ingenuity. The key lies in the cleverness of the planner, whether he can adopt the good strategies of his subordinates, whether he can correctly judge the enemy's situation, whether he can objectively distinguish loyalty from treachery, and whether he can handle things calmly. The victory or defeat of wars, big or small, is related to the use of wit. The Manuscript of Man gives many examples, so it is recommended to read the original. ?
Fourth, pay attention to people, not the war process. Absorbing the experience of Zuo Zhuan in describing the war, he wrote the strategy in detail and the battle process very briefly; Write in detail those who have the upper hand, and write slightly those who are at a disadvantage; Write winners in detail and losers briefly. Through several confrontations, the characters are gradually shaped.
Create a role image
Because Gao criticized the Romance of the Three Kingdoms in A Brief History, "as for writing people, it is also quite lacking, so that it is necessary to show Liu Bei's long and vain, and Zhuge's wisdom is close to the demon; Just for Guan Yu, he is very kind and brave, and he has always seen it. " In the past, many critics were influenced, afraid to overthrow their own theories and almost reached a conclusion.
In fact, Lu Xun's view is biased. Romance of the Three Kingdoms may have a clear subjective intention of loyalty and treachery in characterization, but it is not black or white. Kong Ming expects everything to be like a god, but it is not foolproof. Cao Cao is a treacherous man, not without advantages. Guan Yu is loyal and brave, but he uses it for himself, regardless of the overall situation. For example: to compete with Ma Chao; Abuse Sun Quan and refuse to get married; Shame is juxtaposed with Huang Zhong, and is not subject to the seal of the five tigers; The fourth is to despise Lu Xun and lead to failure.
Structural art
The story of the Three Kingdoms takes the rise and fall of Wei, Shu and Wu as the vertical line, and the development of war and the activities of characters as the material. The rise and fall history of more than 90 years can be divided into three main stages: the first stage is from the Yellow Scarf Uprising to Battle of Red Cliffs; The third stage is from the Three Kingdoms to Zhuge Liang's death.
In the meantime, with the complicated disputes between Wei Shuwu, various wars, large and small, and ingenious schemes of civil servants and military commanders, they were brought out one by one, and finally formed a complete big story. Because the structural wheels of traditional Zhang Hui's novels echo each other and develop along the main line, they are concentrated in dispersion and consistency from beginning to end, forming a unified novel system.
As The Romance of the Three Kingdoms is a war novel describing the theme of war, we can also sort out a structural context from the special plot formed around war stories. Zheng Tiesheng's Art Appreciation of Romance of the Three Kingdoms attempts to analyze its structure in this way, taking the three major battles of Guandu, Chibi and Yiling as the main line, interspersed with some minor auxiliary battles, which run through the book and form a war system.
Mao Xin and Ye Xu have a similar view. They take Battle of Red Cliffs as an example: from the beginning to the end, * * * counted it eight times, including a series of short stories, Cao Cao's writing style, the war of words between Zhuge Liang and Confucianism, Jiang Gan's recruit, Huang Gai's dangerous move to fight, Kong Ming's borrowing arrows and the east wind, and Hua Rongdao's explanation of Cao Cao, all of which formed a big focus and became an orderly structure. ?
Literary achievements
Romance of the Three Kingdoms is written in simple classical Chinese, which is vivid and fluent, appealing to both refined and popular tastes. Brush strokes are full of changes, contrasts, redundancies, twists and turns, and swaying. The structure is magnificent, and the events of about a hundred years and many characters with complicated clues are organized completely and closely, and the narrative is orderly, echoing, interrelated, interlocking and advancing layer by layer.
The artistic achievement of The Romance of The Three Kingdoms is more important in military and political description and characterization. Novels are best at describing wars and can write the characteristics of each war.
Pay attention to describing the application of different strategies and tactics under specific conditions, and guide the subjective initiative of combat, instead of spending the main pen and ink on the simple strength and martial arts contest. For example, the Battle of Guandu, the Battle of Battle of Red Cliffs and the Battle of Yiling. The writing of each war also changes with the characteristics of the war. While writing about the war, other activities are also written as the prelude, aftermath or auxiliary means of the war, which makes the exciting and thrilling war seem relaxed and slow.
Such as the cooperation between Battle of Red Cliffs's former grandson and Liu, the contradiction between Zhuge Liang and Zhou Yu, the temptation of Cao Cao, and the in-depth preparation of Sun Liu's allied forces to lure the enemy. In the aspect of characterization, the novel pays special attention to putting the characters in the sharp contradiction of real struggle and expressing their ideological character through their words and deeds or the surrounding environment. Such as Cao Cao's treachery, every move seems to hide intrigue; Zhang Fei has nothing but innocence and recklessness. Zhuge Liang has a well-thought-out plan, and he is always comfortable and leisurely in the face of things.
Famous articles such as Guan Yu's "Killing Hua Xiong with Warm Wine", "Killing Six Generals after Passing Five Customs", Zhang Fei's "The Great Bridge in Changban", Zhao Yun's "Riding Alone to Save the Young Master", Zhuge Liang's "Rescuing Meng Huo Seven times" and "Scaring Sima Yi with an Empty City Plan" are widely circulated. ?
social influence
With a length of 750,000 words, The Romance of the Three Kingdoms created more than 400 characters with mature novel language, described the historical process of nearly a hundred years, and created a new novel genre, which not only made readers at that time "copy for viewing", but also inspired scribes and booksellers to continue writing and publishing similar novels.
Since Jiajing, various historical romances have mushroomed and come out constantly, from the beginning to the present. According to incomplete statistics, there are about 200 kinds of historical romances in Ming and Qing Dynasties.
During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, a bodyguard was promoted to general Jingzhou, and the whole family happily congratulated him. But the man was unhappy and cried instead. Everyone was surprised and asked why. The man replied: I can't even keep this place in Jingzhou. It's obviously killing me to send me here now! This anecdote recorded in Miscellaneous Notes of Bamboo Leaf Pavilion reflects the profound influence of Romance of the Three Kingdoms on the spiritual world of later generations from one side, which makes this person confused about literature and reality. ?
Romance of the Three Kingdoms is famous all over the world and is also welcomed by foreign readers. As early as three years in Qin Long in the Ming Dynasty, it had already spread to North Korea. In eight years in Chongzhen, Amin published The Biography of the Three Kingdoms, which was collected in Oxford University in England.
Since the Japanese version of Popular History of the Three Kingdoms was compiled and published by Wenshan, a Japanese monk in the 28th year of Kangxi, Korea, Japan, Indonesia, Vietnam, Thailand, Britain, France, Russia and many other countries have translated their own languages, published many research papers and monographs, and made valuable discussions and high comments on the novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms.
References:
Baidu encyclopedia-romance of the three kingdoms