Qian Xuesen is an outstanding scientist in the world.
In June, he was admitted to the Railway Department of Mechanical Engineering of Shanghai College of Jiaotong University of the Ministry of Railways [1], in June 1934, he was admitted to the second boxer indemnity student in Tsinghua University, in September 1935, he entered the Aviation Department of Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and in September 1936, he was transferred to the Aviation Department of California Institute of Technology, becoming a student of the world-famous aerodynamics professor von Carmen. From July 1938 to August 1955, Qian Xuesen studied aerodynamics, solid mechanics, rockets, missiles and other fields in the United States, completed the research project of high-speed aerodynamics, and established the "Carmen-Qian approximation" formula with his mentor. At the age of 28, he became a world-famous aerodynamicist, and started to work as China Science and Technology from 1958. He died in Beijing at 8: 06 am on June 3, 2009. At the age of 98.
Comrade Qian Xuesen, in the 1940s, became one of the most outstanding representatives in the aerospace field, keeping pace with his mentor von Carmen, and was one of the few superstars among many scientific stars in the 20th century. Comrade Qian Xuesen is also an outstanding representative of the older generation of scientists, and has made inestimable contributions to the growth of new China. He is the most representative national builder among patriotic returnees in New China and a great people's scientist in the history of New China. Known as "the father of China's space flight", "the father of Chinese missiles", "the king of rockets" and "the father of China's automation control". China the State Council and the Central Military Commission awarded the honorary title of "National Outstanding Contribution Scientist" and won the "Two Bombs and One Satellite" Meritorious Medal awarded by the Central Committee, the State Council and the Central Military Commission.
Qian Xuesen
1950, when Comrade Qian Xuesen went to the port to prepare for returning to China, he was stopped by American officials and put in prison. Kimble, then undersecretary of the US Navy, declared: "Wherever Qian Xuesen went, it was worth five divisions. I would rather kill him than let him go back to China. " Comrade Qian Xuesen was persecuted by the American government and lost his precious freedom.
1955 10 After Premier Zhou Enlai's continuous efforts in diplomatic negotiations with the United States-even including the conditions of releasing 1 1 American senior generals captured in the Korean War, Comrade Qian Xuesen finally broke through numerous obstacles and returned to the motherland. Since April 1958, he has been engaged in the development of rockets, missiles and spacecraft for a long time. It has put forward an extremely important implementation plan for the development of China's rocket and missile technology-it has made an indelible and great contribution to the development of new China's rocket and missile and space industry.
At the beginning of 1956, he submitted the Opinions on Establishing China's National Defense Aviation Industry to the Central Committee and the State Council; In the same year, according to his suggestion, the State Council and the Central Military Commission established the Aviation Industry Committee, the leading body of missile and aviation research, and appointed him as a member.
From 65438 to 0956, he participated in the first five-year science plan of China. Qian Xuesen, together with Qian Weichang and Qian Sanqiang, was called the "San Qian" of China science and technology by Zhou Enlai. Qian Xuesen was appointed to set up the first rocket and missile research institute in China, the Fifth Research Institute of the Ministry of National Defense, and served as the first president. He presided over the completion of the plan of "establishing jet and rocket technology" and participated in short-range missiles and medium-and short-range missiles.
Qian Xuesen is with state leaders (13 photos)
The development of the bomb and China's first artificial earth satellite directly led the "two-bomb combination" test of China's short-range missiles carrying atomic bombs, participated in the formulation of the "two-bomb combination" test of China's short-range missiles carrying atomic bombs, participated in the formulation of China's first interstellar aviation development plan, and developed and established engineering cybernetics and systematics.
In the field of control science, 1954, Qian Xuesen published Engineering Cybernetics, which caused a sensation in the field of control and formed the research climax of control science in the 1950s and 1960s. 65438-0957, Engineering Cybernetics won the first prize of Natural Science Award of China Academy of Sciences. In September of the same year, the inaugural meeting of the International Federation of Automatic Control (IFAC) elected Qian Xuesen as the executive director of the first IFAC Council, and he became the only China person in the first IFAC Council.
[2] Vice Chairman Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, member of the Department of Mathematics and Physics of China Academy of Sciences, honorary chairman of China Aerospace Society and chairman of China Association for Science and Technology. 199 1 In June, the State Council and the Central Military Commission awarded Qian Xuesen the honorary title of "National Outstanding Contribution Scientist" and the first-class hero model medal. In the field of applied mechanics, Qian Xuesen made pioneering research in aerodynamics and solid mechanics, revealing.
Qian Xuesen's Portrait (18)
Some temperature changes in the boundary layer can be compressed, and the concepts of upper and lower critical Mach numbers are introduced for the first time in transonic flow problems. 1953, Qian Xuesen formally put forward the concept of physical mechanics, and advocated that the macroscopic mechanical properties of matter should be determined from microscopic laws, which opened up a new field of high temperature and high pressure.
In the field of system engineering and system science, Qian Xuesen put forward the concept of the general design department of national economic construction in the early 1980s, and insisted on popularizing and applying the concept of aerospace system engineering to the whole country and national economic construction, and explored the social system from the perspective of social form and open complex giant system. He developed the systematics and methodology of opening complex giant systems.
In the field of jet propulsion and aerospace technology, Qian Xuesen put forward and realized the rocket flying aid device in the 1940s, which shortened the runway distance. 1949, he put forward the concept of rocket passenger plane and the idea of nuclear rocket; 1962, he put forward the concept of a round-trip transportation system between heaven and earth with a large plane equipped with a jet engine as the first-stage vehicle and an aircraft equipped with a rocket engine as the second-stage vehicle.
In the field of thinking science, Qian Xuesen proposed the establishment of the Department of Thinking Science and Technology in the early 1980s, arguing that thinking science is a science dealing with consciousness and brain, spirit and matter, subjective and objective, and promoting the research of thinking science is the need of the computer technology revolution.
Qian Xuesen in his later years
He advocated that the development of thinking science should be combined with the work of artificial intelligence and intelligent computers, and applied systematic scientific methods to the research of thinking science, and put forward a systematic view of thinking; In addition, Qian Xuesen also made important contributions to the humanities and the scientific and technological system. Is one of the pioneers and founders of human life science.
Comrade Qian Xuesen 1959 joined the China * * * Production Party, and successively served as the director of the Department of Modern Mechanics of China University of Science and Technology, the director of the Institute of Mechanics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, the seventh vice minister of the Ministry of Machinery Industry, the deputy director of the Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense, the honorary chairman of China Association for Science and Technology, the vice chairman of the 6th, 7th and 8th Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, the member of the Department of Mathematics and Physics of China Academy of Sciences, the honorary chairman of China Aerospace Society, and the senior consultant of science and technology concurrently served as the first and second sessions of China 199 1 In June, the State Council and the Central Military Commission awarded Qian Xuesen the honorary title of "National Outstanding Contribution Scientist" and the first-class hero model medal. In Qian Xuesen's mind, "the country is important, the family is light, learning is important, and fame and fortune are the lightest." Returning to China in five years, two bombs in ten years. "Money will always be a treasure house of knowledge, a banner of science, a model of China intellectuals and a great people's scientist.