Colleges and universities lack systematic methods to guide students' learning scientifically, especially the core guiding ability of efficient learning and development under the multimedia and network environment, which makes many students only cope with exams and not study, so they are very passive in their independent university study and life, and can't meet the requirements of the times. Based on the analysis of college students' learning behavior, this paper puts forward the principles and contents of scientific learning guidance.
Keywords: college students, study guidance, study, higher education
The study of college students' learning guidance is one of the important topics in learning science research. In order to make college students become independent, autonomous and efficient learners, we must strengthen learning guidance, let students have a higher level of cognition and learning strategies [1], have a correct evaluation of their own conditions and improve their self-monitoring ability.
1. Really "learning to learn" is the basic requirement for college students in the network information age. "Learning to learn" should focus on the perfection and all-round development of college students and the improvement of their comprehensive quality. College students' learning guidance is to enable students to establish a correct concept of learning, improve their learning ability and cultivate good learning quality.
It goes without saying that "learning to learn" is not only a necessary condition for personal sustainable development, but also a necessary condition for human sustainable development. In fact, people's learning style is undergoing historic and great changes. Knowledge-based economy society is a lifelong learning society, and learning will become an indispensable activity and lifestyle in people's lives, which is an important content to improve the quality of personal life. Under the background of knowledge economy, the acceleration of scientific and technological development, the shortening of the transformation period of achievements and the frequent change of occupations have put forward higher requirements for college students in the 2 1 century. From the perspective of students' employment and even their initiative to adapt to the development needs of the technical field, college students are required to learn to learn. Scientific and systematic guidance on college students' learning is bound to become an important responsibility of educators. From the perspective of learning science, we should grasp the law of college students' learning success, put forward the principles of learning guidance, clarify the contents and conditions of guidance, and clarify the social background problems that affect the contents and conditions of guidance, so as to create a good environment for college students to learn to seek knowledge, learn to do things, learn to get along with others and learn to be a man.
Learning is the need of social and individual development, and it is a physiological process in which the body obtains responses (behaviors) through experience, but this physiological process has not been clearly understood so far. Marx pointed out in the Outline of Feuerbach that "man is the product of environment and education" and emphasized that "the environment is changed by man". [2] This paper makes a dialectical analysis of the learning process and learning rules. Although it does not reveal the essence of learning, it does not affect the grasp of learning process and learning rules. Learning can be carried out naturally, but learning guidance is to consciously set out from the starting point of training objectives, determine the direction and specify the specific content.
In recent years, with the development of knowledge economy, the importance of learning to learn and cultivating learning ability is increasingly recognized by people. The Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Deepening Education Reform and Promoting Quality Education in an All-round Way points out that it is necessary to "pay attention to cultivating students' ability to collect and process information, acquire new knowledge, analyze and solve problems ..." Moreover, the guidance and practical activities to cultivate college students' learning consciousness and enthusiasm and help students learn actively have been gradually strengthened, so that it has become the consensus of the education sector and even the whole society that students can learn to learn.
2. Analysis of the characteristics of college students' learning behavior
In the process of learning, people input information to the cerebral cortex through various sensory and perceptual organs, and then transmit the processed information to guide people's practical activities. But college students are different from other students, and their learning behavior has its own unique behavior characteristics.
(1) major. That is to say, it is the primary feature of college students' learning behavior to master a professional knowledge and have the ability to use this professional knowledge well to solve practical problems in this professional field to meet the needs of society for a profession.
(2) openness. With the development of socialized production and social division of labor, especially with the development of knowledge and information age, it is impossible for college students to fully adapt to the needs of social development by relying on a single knowledge. College students' versatile and all-round development is the requirement of the times. Therefore, in addition to mastering a professional knowledge, college students must also extensively dabble in other kinds of knowledge and exercise their various abilities.
(3) mutual promotion. The mutual promotion of college students' behavior refers to the behavior characteristics that college students form small learning groups or partnerships according to their own psychological understanding, interests, hobbies and pursuits, and encourage and promote each other in the learning process [3].
(4) creativity. Creativity is a universal requirement for everyone in social development. College students are a group with high intelligence, sensitivity to problems, clear views and flexible thinking, which makes them have a sense of identity and innovation in their learning process and activities.
(5) autonomy. That is to say, in the learning behavior, they can arrange their own learning time, make their own learning plans, choose learning content and find their own learning methods. The autonomy of college students' learning behavior is determined by their physical and mental development and educational environment [4]. From the characteristics of college students' learning behavior, it is not difficult to find that college students' learning behavior has two sides, that is, a positive side and a negative side. Therefore, it is extremely necessary to guide the learning behavior of college students. If properly guided, the positive aspects of college students' learning behavior can develop rapidly, thus promoting students to form a good style of study; Without necessary guidance, college students' learning behavior may change to a negative side. As educators, we must attach importance to guiding students' learning behavior.
3. Principles of learning guidance for college students