YearNo. Tiansheng:1023-65438+11month 0032
Ming Dow: 65438+ 1 1 month 0032- 1033.
Jing You:1034-65438+11month 0038.
Baoyuan: 65438+ 1 1 month 0038-65438+February 0040
Kangding: 65438+February 0040-10465438+1/month 0
Li Qing:10465438+1/month 0-1048.
Huang You: 1049- 1054 March
He Zhi: 65438+March 0054-65438+September 0056
Jiayou: 65438+September 0056- 1063
When Injong ascended the throne, Queen Liu listened to politics. In the second year of Ming Dow (1033), Empress Dowager Cixi died after eleven years of listening to politics, and Injong began to take power.
The most important military conflict during his reign was Xixia. After Li Yuanhao ascended the throne, Xia changed the national policy of his father, Emperor Taizong of Xia, Li Deming, and launched the Song-Xia War. Song Jun fell in Yanzhou, Haoshuichuan and Dingchuan, and Han Qi and Fan Zhongyan were even demoted after the Battle of Haoshuichuan. In the battle of Dingchuan, the Xixia army, which wanted to attack Guanzhong, was stubbornly blocked by Jingtai (now Zhenyuan, Gansu Province), and the whole army was wiped out. The strategic goal of Xixia's capture of Guanzhong was shattered. Xixia's national strength could not support for years, and finally the two countries held peace talks; As a vassal of the Song Dynasty, the Song Dynasty gave Xixia130,000 silks, 52,000 silver and 20,000 Jin of tea every year, which was called "Celebrating the calendar and making peace" in history and achieved peace for nearly half a century.
During the reign of Emperor Xing in Liao Dynasty, Xiao Hui, Chen Bing and Song Dynasty were subjects. Then, the Song Dynasty and Liao agreed to maintain a peace agreement on the condition of increasing the annual currency, which was called "increasing the currency by increasing the city" in history.
However, it should be noted that the annual expenditure was not a heavy burden for the Song Dynasty, and it was insignificant compared with the annual expenditure on military expenditure and war choice. In the first year of Baoyuan, Shaanxi spent 1, 556,5438+0,000. In the second year, after Baoyuan launched the Song and Xia Wars, Li Qing spent 33.63 million yuan in Shaanxi in the second year, which was almost a deficit. The loss of economic incentives for looting in the southern part of Liao was also one of the important factors to maintain the century-long peace in Liao and Song Dynasties.
In the fourth year (1052), the peasants rose up against the Song Dynasty, and the army swept across Guangxi and Guangdong. Injong appointed Di Qing and Yujing to lead the troops south. In the fifth year, Di Qing attacked Kunlun Pass at night and defeated Nong Gaozhi in the battle of Guirenpu. The following year, Nong Kochi died of illness in Dali. [3]
During the reign of Renzong, due to long-term peace, the economy of the Song Dynasty developed rapidly and a cross appeared. During the reign of Injong, the number of redundant soldiers was particularly serious. The total number of troops in China is1259,000, accounting for seven tenths of the tax revenue.
Celebrating the New Deal was initiated by Fan Zhongyan's ten policies-openness, restraining transportation, paying tribute, selecting officials, distributing public land, cultivating agriculture and mulberry, repairing military equipment, reducing corvee, being honest and trustworthy, and paying attention to orders. However, the opposition was huge and difficult to promote, and it stopped after one year and four months. Renzong once had no major wars abroad and no major innovations at home.
Song Renzong reigned for 42 years and was the longest-serving emperor in the Song Dynasty. He is respectful, thrifty and tolerant by nature. Bai Si once played an obvious role in expanding gardens. Song Renzong said, "I served the first emperor's garden and thought it was very wide. Why? " . After Song Renzong's death, "Beijing went on strike and cried for several days. Although beggars and children burn paper money and cry in front of ouchi. " Even when the obituary was sent to Liao, the border people of Yan were crying all the time. Lu Ye Hongji burst into tears. "I have been a soldier for 42 years and I don't know how to be a soldier." "History of Liao Daozong" said: "If I was born in China, I would be worried!" "。
Wang Fuzhi criticized Song Renzong's "lack of determination" and said that "in the past 30 years, there have been a lot of talents, and the national government has been promoted one after another, and it cannot last forever. Officials don't know what to do, and people don't know what to do. I don't know what it would be like if the world were full of surprises, stretching my neck and standing on tiptoe, but I can probably think about it. ..... The husband and son of heaven have no decision, if so. " .
In the eyes of most Song people, Ren Zongsheng Zhi is far superior to Zhenguan Zhi and Kaiyuan Shi Sheng.
In the fourth year of Jiayou (A.D. 1059, four years before Zhao Zhen's death), ministers headed by Prime Minister Fu Bi asked for the title of "benevolent government" five times in a row, but Zhao Zhen did not approve it. However, after his death, he could never stop ministers from granting him the title of "benevolence". Scholar Hanlin and other ministers wrote: "I heard that Yuan is exquisite and dignified, and anyone who helps everything without showing traces is recommended as Heaven;" Wang Yang, the most moral man, was built on the emperor ... Wei Qi, the king of ancient sages and sages, was famous, different and even attacked from generation to generation. Different people have different opinions, which is not only the restraint of Confucian university studies at that time, but also the inspiration of Heaven. The Temple of the First Emperor has a poem:' Heaven is endless'. This is called "making contributions first for the ancestors, respecting morality for the ancestors, and respecting righteousness." "The first emperor respected the stone, Tianzhu called Wen Sheng Wu appropriate, and the temple called Renzong."
"Benevolence" is the highest evaluation of the emperor. "Stop at benevolence for the monarch." The History of Song Dynasty commented and praised Renzong and his prosperous rule: "During his forty-two years in office, if he was lazy as an official, those who stayed behind would be despised;" The criminal law seems lenient, but there are many lenient people in the prison. The country has no disadvantages, but it is not enough to rule the world; There are no villains in the DPRK, but it is not enough to win the good. The hearts of monarchs and subjects are filled with awe and loyalty, which has been the foundation for cultivating Song San for more than 100 years. Children and grandchildren will be tamed into chaos if they correct their behavior. "Biography" said: "Being a gentleman stops at benevolence." The emperor is sincere and innocent.
His ministers praised Ren Zongsheng Zhi in this way: "Forty-two years here can be described as running the country and keeping the country safe. I don't want to go into details before stealing Huang Xi. Since "Poetry" and "Book", there is no such thing. "
Shao Bowen, a scholar in the Northern Song Dynasty, praised Ren Zongsheng Zhi in this way: Gaidi knew the key to his governance: Ren Zaifu, remonstrating with Taiwan, fearing heaven and loving the people, and observing the ancestral law. Zaifu's names are Fu Bi, Han Qi and Wen Yanbo, and Qiu's names are Tang Jie, Bao Zheng, Sima Guang, Fan Zhen and Lu Huiyun. Alas, Yi and Kang, the literature and scenery of the Han Dynasty, there are many people, but also people beyond. That's why there is Song Zhisheng. "
Chen, a political commentator in the Northern Song Dynasty, misses the "rule of Renzong" in this way: "It has been more than 150 years, and the adherents of the Song Dynasty have never thought of being worse than Emperor Renzong. ..... so that the Li Qing and Jiayou years were the heyday of this dynasty, far exceeding the Han and Tang dynasties and having the style of three generations. "
Su Shi, a great writer, said: "For more than 70 years in Song and Xing Dynasties, it is extremely sacred and beautiful for the people to teach soldiers when they are rich." Born and refined is the title of Song Renzong. Even Qin Gui, the supercilious prime minister of the Southern Song Dynasty, once said: "In the past, my benevolent ancestors came to the palace, and five people in the world personally chose me to discuss it. It is recorded in the book. Qing Li, Jia You's rule from Tang Yu to Shang and Zhou Dynasties, how prosperous! " Wei Jing, a famous soldier in the Southern Song Dynasty, also known as "Jia Youzhi", revived the ancient common people.
In Song Dynasty, there were too many poets who praised Injong and his Imperial Decree, including Ouyang Xiu, Sima Guang, Wang Anshi, Ceng Gong, Hu Anguo, Liu Guangzu, Zhou Bida, Yang Wanli, Wang Bi, Liu Kezhuang, Zhao Ruteng, Ye Shi, Wang Shipeng, Wen Tianxiang and so on.
Song Dynasty is the second open and inclusive period in China history since the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. Its roots lie in Zhao Kuangyin, the emperor of Mao, who emphasized martial arts and magnanimity.
After Zhao Kuangyin unified China, he liberated the soldiers through a glass of wine, and realized the transition to civilian rule, without killing the heroes. What is particularly commendable is that Zhao Kuangyin has enacted laws that stipulate that ministers cannot be whipped in court and are not allowed to abuse officials. Song dynasty did not advocate literary inquisition, but was more tolerant of literati.
When Zhao Zhen ascended the throne in Song Renzong, he carried forward this tradition to the greatest extent. Zhao Zhen loves learning and worships Confucian classics. For the first time, he put The Analects of Confucius, Mencius, University and The Doctrine of the Mean together for students to learn, thus creating the Four Books.
On one occasion, an envoy to North Korea reported that North Korea's tribute was getting less and less, and he asked to send troops. Renzong said: this is just the sin of the king. If we send troops now, the king may not be killed, but countless people will be killed. So I finally ignored it.
A scholar in Sichuan gave a poem to the magistrate of Chengdu: "Burn the broken sword door to the pavilion, and Chengdu will be dry." Isn't this blatant sedition? Chengdu magistrate tied him to the capital and handed him over to the emperor for severe punishment. But Renzong said: "This is an old scholar who is eager to be an official. How to punish him for writing poems to vent his anger? Let's give him an official to do it. He was awarded to join the army as a secretary. "
Injong reigned for forty-two years and finally died in Funing Hall of Bianjing Palace. The testamentary edict said: The Prince ascended the throne, and Empress Cao was the Empress Dowager, so the funeral should be simple. When he died, the obituary was sent to the enemy country Liao, and even the emperor of Liao, Lu Ye Hongji, held the hand of the messenger and lamented, "I didn't know about the mutiny for forty-two years." (Song Shaobo's Shao Hearing Record) It can be seen that it is really worthy of the title of "benevolence".