He repeatedly found that the right atrium can depolarize and contract when the needle tip is inserted into the right atrium. This discovery aroused Hyman's interest. After years of unremitting exploration, he designed and manufactured a clockwork-driven electric pulse generator in 1932.
The net weight of the device is 7.2kg, and the pulse frequency can be adjusted to 30, 60, 120 times per minute. Hyman called it "artificial pacemaker", a term that has been used ever since. This clock pulse generator is the first artificial pacemaker.
But unfortunately, this machine, which was preserved in Germany and could bring people back to life, was destroyed by the gunfire of World War II. On the basis of summarizing the previous experience, June 1952 65438+ 10, PaulM m. Zoll, a doctor at Harvard Medical School in the United States, treated the heart and the negative and positive electrodes on the skin under the left rib of patients with cardiac arrest, giving 90 times of current per minute to make the heart beat again.
He immediately developed a small pacemaker powered by batteries. Zor is considered as the inventor of a real pacemaker and the "father of pacemakers".
2. Who knows which historical event this picture was taken from? This is a famous photo in history ~ the name is gun ~ the photographer is William Klein.
It was in the block of 1954 new york 105, and a little mang pointed his gun at the photographer's lens. "He is only 1 1 years old, but he has learned everything." Klein recalled: "Of course, he had a fake gun in his hand. He was just playing a game that American children used to play in the street." But in my opinion, this moment is no longer a child's game. "
The man with a gun and a face of lost face in the picture, although he looks so young, gives us a feeling of violence and hatred.
This work well reflects Klein's unique shooting style. Almost touched the muzzle of the lens, beyond the clear range of imaging. However, the exaggerated and vague muzzle, until the audience's line of sight, is outrageous, as if at this moment, the bullet had already left the chamber and shot through our hearts.
The unforgettable appearance behind the gun reflects the violent tendency in the minds of the younger generation in the United States and indicates the social problems in this country. It is in this kind of life scene that ordinary people don't agree with, Klein truly reproduces life and reveals the essence with "not so successful" photography.
3.Miniworld, how to download the old version First of all, we need to download a PP assistant in our mobile phone, but I believe many players already have this software.
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However, enter the mini world in the search. After the mini world appears, you will see a version history in the drop-down box, and you can download your favorite version history here.
There is another important step. If you want to download the old version, you must uninstall your latest mini-world version first, otherwise you can't play.
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Enter the old version interface after downloading. The appearance of the characters is still very different from now. Look at the skin, this version of the skin is actually free, there is no mini-coin. You can just click Use, but the new version should not be overwritten.
4. How to build Fontainebleau Palace According to French documents, the history of Fontainebleau Palace can be traced back to the Cape Dynasty in the12nd century. At that time, King Louis VI loved hunting, so he built a castle here.
1 169, Louis VII added a chapel to the castle built by his father, which became the beginning of the expansion of Fontainebleau Palace. 1259, Louis IX continued the expansion of the former emperor and built a monastery here for monks of the Trinity Sect.
Since then, the French royal family often visited Fontainebleau Palace and hunted in the nearby forest. In order to solve the problem of rest and accommodation, the royal family built many holiday cottages in the forest, which created a prototype for Fontainebleau Palace.
/kloc-In the 4th century, Princess Isabeau of charles vi actively built Fontainebleau Palace and added the famous "Oval Square". 1429, with the assistance of Joan of Arc, Isabel's son Charles VII was officially crowned French emperor at Notre Dame de Reims.
Charles VII was at odds with his mother Isabel when he was a child, so he always had a bad feeling about Fontainebleau Palace, which his mother vigorously built. He almost never goes there, leaving it abandoned. After Louis XIV succeeded to the throne, Fontainebleau Palace, which had been silent for many years, received renewed attention and became a model for Louis XIV to build Versailles.
Of course, this also benefited from the large-scale construction of Fontainebleau Palace by another French emperor Francois I before this. Francois I loved the forest near Fontainebleau very much, and thought that in order to show his authority as an emperor, he should not only expand his military strength abroad, but also build luxurious palaces at home to show his national strength.
In addition, when Francois I made an expedition to Italy, he was deeply influenced by the Renaissance thought. After returning home, he began to repair Fontainebleau Palace on a large scale, which was the beginning of his masterpiece of Renaissance architecture.
Born in Paris, the Renaissance architect Brayton was first appointed by Francois I. He built all the existing medieval buildings in Fontainebleau Palace.
In addition to demolishing the old palace and building a new one, Brayton also designed a novel and elegant Fontainebleau Palace, adhering to the concept of combining traditional and contemporary styles. 153 1 year, he also built a masterpiece "Francois I cloister" in the palace, converted the former monastery into a two-story building, and added a white horse square around the building.
In order to keep the interior of the palace consistent with the gorgeous and elegant appearance style, 1530, he hired the famous Florentine painter Giovanni? Betista? Rossu is responsible for the interior decoration of the palace. 1532, Rossu invited a large number of artists to do this project. With their own expertise, these artists left many works of art with rich Renaissance style for Fontainebleau Palace in the form of sculptures or murals.
Later, with these artists as the core, the so-called "First Fontainebleau Painting School" was developed, which left countless wonderful works for the world art history. Besides Francois I, Henry IV is also an important figure in the architectural history of Fontainebleau Palace.
1589 In order to repair Fontainebleau Palace, the king who succeeded to the throne invested a huge amount of construction funds, hired first-class architects and artists at that time, and made strict plans for its renovation project. The renovated Fontainebleau Palace is more magnificent than before.
The most important task in the reconstruction project is to reorganize a part of the oval square into today's White Horse Square, and then design the Francois I cloister as a communication channel between the two squares. The quiet and elegant Diana Garden was built in the north of the cloister, and the carp pond, which has remained its original appearance after several wars, was built in the fountain square in the south of the cloister.
In addition, Henry IV built a gallery hall as an administrative office in Fontainebleau Palace on the side of the Oval Square next to the Crown Prince Square. At this point, the scale and pattern of Fontainebleau Palace have basically taken shape.
Like Francois I, Henry IV hired many famous painters and sculptors from all over France to create the interior decoration of the palace. These artists with their own strengths make the momentum inside and outside the palace more grand.
Later, they also formed the "Second Fontainebleau School". The dazzling brilliance of Fontainebleau Palace lasted for more than 30 years. It was not until Louis XIV built Versailles that it became the second-class palace of the French royal family.
The French royal family after Henry IV did not add more excellent buildings to Fontainebleau Palace. During the period of Louis XVI, the Fontainebleau Palace was improperly built, and the integrity of the original building was once destroyed.
During the French Revolution, Fontainebleau Palace was destroyed to some extent, and all the rare treasures and valuable furniture collected in the palace were looted. After Napoleon ascended the throne, large-scale construction was carried out here, and Fontainebleau Palace was able to reproduce its former glory.
Napoleon showed a very conservative style when carrying out the renovation project, retaining the original style of Fontainebleau Palace. Napoleon's more important buildings during the reconstruction include the parade ground reconstructed from White Horse Square, the English garden designed by Queen Josephine herself, and the cloister building overlooking Diana Garden.
In addition, Napoleon also reformed Henry IV's living room, conference room and other halls many times to meet his personal needs. 18 14 years, Napoleon signed the abdication book in the study of the "palace", which also ended his legendary life.
With Napoleon's abdication, Fontainebleau Palace finally retired on the stage of French history. Nevertheless, this palace, which has been active for more than 600 years, has become an irreplaceable heritage with cultural, artistic and historical value in France because of its spectacular and diverse architectural styles and a large number of priceless artistic treasures.
5. Is there Kang Wang in history or before the Western Zhou Dynasty (1027? -77 1 year ago) was the third dynasty in China after Xia and Shang dynasties, and it was the heyday of ancient China society.
Zhou's ancestors originated from the Huangdi clan. In the Xia Dynasty, the leader of the Zhou clan was abandoned as "Hou Ji" to take charge of farming. Therefore, Zhou clan is a tribe good at agricultural farming, which greatly promoted Zhou's economic development. By then, Zhou has developed into a big vassal state that can compete with Yin merchants.
Zhou Wenwang was one of the outstanding rulers in the history of Zhou Dynasty. During his reign, with the help of Jiang Shang, a military strategist, he began to prepare for the "Maoshang", destroyed Maoshang, Maoshang, Chongshang and other countries successively, and moved the capital to Yufeng (southwest of Xi 'an), thus completing the pincer-like encirclement of merchants.
In the second year after moving the capital, Wen Wang died, and his son succeeded to the throne, the famous one, which continued the Zhou Dynasty's action of destroying commerce. In the ninth year of King Wu, Zhou held a governors' meeting in Jin Meng, and formed an alliance with the governors to crusade against Shang and Zhou together.
From then on, King Wu defeated the Shang army in Muye, seized the Shang Dynasty and ended its rule. After the death of King Wu, his son recited the throne in order to become king. Because he was a young king, Zhou Gongdan, the younger brother of King Wu, took power.
Under his rule, Zhou eliminated all kinds of rebel forces, moved the capital eastward to Luoyi, and strengthened his rule over the eastern ministries. Zhou's relatives and meritorious minister were made princes.
The establishment of "weekly punishment" has stabilized social order. Through a series of political governance, the rule of the Western Zhou Dynasty was consolidated and began to prosper.
The Western Zhou Dynasty stood on its own and passed through Kang Wang, Zhao Wang and Wang Mu, which was a period of outward expansion. During Wang's reign, the small eastern vassal states were pacified, while Kang Wang, Mu Wang also expanded the territory and population of the Zhou Dynasty, and the politics, economy and culture were unprecedentedly prosperous, reaching the peak of the Zhou Dynasty.
In the late period of Zhao Haoqi, the Zhou Dynasty began the southern expedition again. In nineteen years, Zhao Haoqi led an army to attack Chu, but failed because of his unpopularity. Zhao Haoqi also died in the south.
Zhou Wang was the tenth ruler of the Zhou Dynasty and a famous tyrant in the history of China. During his reign, he oppressed the people, but forbade them to talk about state affairs, causing people to complain.
Finally, angry people rushed into the palace and drove Li away, ending his brutal rule. At this point, the Zhou Dynasty began to decline.
After Li Wang fled, the governors elected * * * Bo to take charge of state affairs, and called this year * * * and the first year (Sima Qian began to write the Chronicle of Twelve Governors from this year, and China has an accurate chronology since then). * * * "good righteousness, high prestige among governors. He exercised power on behalf of the king for fourteen years.
After the escape, * * * Bo and Prince Li Jicheng took the throne. I thought that the wise monarch, supplemented by the appointment, appointment, bell, and other sages, gradually restored the previous rule of the country, and governors from all over the country appeared before Zhou. This period was called "Wang Xuan Zhongxing" by later generations.
However, ZTE's situation did not last long. Qiu and Uterine inherited the throne for the sake of the king. Wang You was the last emperor of the Western Zhou Dynasty. Like Li Wang, he is also a fatuous king.
In order to win the praise and smile of the princess of love, he did not hesitate to "play the vassal in the bonfire." As a result, the troops were dispatched, and the dog attacked the situation on a large scale. The King You lit a bonfire again, but no princes sent troops to rescue him. Wang You was defeated and died at the foot of Mount Li.
After his death, Shen Hou, Lv Hou, and Xu Wen became Ping Wang for a long time. Pingdong moved to the east, which was called "Eastern Zhou Dynasty" in history.
Since then, the Western Zhou Dynasty has been declared extinct. The etiquette system of the Zhou Dynasty is relatively sound, with its own official system, military system, criminal law, local system and etiquette system.
Until the Spring and Autumn Period, Confucius still advocated Zhou Li, which shows that Zhou Li has a great influence on later generations. Zhou's ancestors were agricultural officials in summer, and their agricultural production technology was relatively advanced, which provided the initial material foundation for social progress.
With the abundance of material, it also promotes the development of handicraft industry, commerce and natural science. At that time, there were special personnel in charge of observing astronomical phenomena and recording calendars, and China's traditional five lines of gossip theory probably originated in the Zhou Dynasty.
All these undoubtedly proved scientifically the progress and development of society at that time. The Western Zhou Dynasty lasted about 257 years and spread to eleven kings and twelve kings.
First, how to improve the post level of professional and technical personnel in public insti